РОССИЙСКИЙ РЫНОК BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE: ИСТОРИЯ, СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ
Аннотация. Возникновение Business Intelligence (BI) обусловлено процессами цифровой трансформации, ростом эффективности бизнеса и успешного решения его стратегических задач, устойчивого развития предприятия. В статье представлен обзор этапов развития российского рынка BI, его современного состояния и трендов развития.
Ключевые слова: Business Intelligence, цифровая экономика, облачные технологии, Open Source, Self-Service BI, машинное обучение, искусственный интеллект.
RUSSIAN BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE MARKET: HISTORY, CURRENT STATE AND TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT
Annotation. The development of the Business Intelligence (BI) market is not only an urgent need caused by the inevitable processes of digital transformation, but also the most important factor in the growth of business efficiency and the successful solution of strategic tasks, achievement of the company's sustainable development goals.
Keywords: Business Intelligence, digital economy, cloud technologies, Open Source, Self-Service BI, machine learning, artificial intelligence.
The implementation and use of Business Intelligence technologies in Russia are associated with a number of issues, which are ultimately binded with the constant improvement of BI practices and technologies, as well as a lack of understanding by corporations (business) of the advantages provided by analytic systems; the difficulties in selection of effective BI tools, assessing forecasts of their performance, and many other factors. All these issues actualize the need for an in-depth study of the features of the Russian Business Intelligence market.
The growth of volumes, types and kinds of data accumulated in the information segments under development resulted in the need to improve the means of their processing, aggregation and visualization[13].
Fig. 1 presents the main stages of the Russian BI market development.
Figure 1. Russian Business Intelligence Market Development Stages
The first experience in the implementation and use of BI systems in Russia began to form in the late 90s of the XX century, and the trend of a stable growth in demand for BI tools was established together with the accumulation of significant volumes of information in corporations and the rethinking of the concept of the IT market and IT technologies at the beginning of the new XXI century. The most popular BI solutions at this stage were proposed by Microsoft and Navision Software. The market received a new impetus for development (2005-2006) along with the acceleration of Russia's integration into the world economy and the emergence of a steady demand for BI-systems, but then it was expected to decline due to the global economic crisis (2008-2009). In the following years, the market demonstrated steady growth following qualitative changes: transition to the "third platform", "which is a combination of mobile, social and cloud technologies and big data, defining the paradigm for further development of the entire industry"[14] - in contrast to the "first platform", which was based on mainframes, and the "second platform" based on traditional client-server architecture computers (2010-2014); increasing the share of domestic solutions and reducing the cost of implementing BI solutions through the development of Open Source tools, providing BI solutions in the cloud by subscription (2015-2016); transition from "traditional" BI systems to advanced ones, including trend analysis, predictive analytics, building predictive models, etc., growing interest in Self-Service BI systems, i.e. the tools intended for consumers (2017 – present).
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The results of the BI market development of in 2020 have not yet been summed up, but the market growth in the first half of 2020, and moreover, the acceleration of the implementation of a number of BI projects during the quarantine period, leave hopes for the implementation of positive forecasts. At the same time, the unpredictability of the pandemic expansion and the high level of economic turbulence can become a significant threat to the dynamic development of the market.
Experts note three main trends of the Russian BI market, which are typical for 2020 and which can specify the vector of its development in 2021: the growth of the share of domestic systems, the growth of demand for cloud solutions, and the integration of tools based on artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies into BI solutions[15].
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Among other trends that will determine the directions of the Russian BI market development in the short and medium term, we can highlight:
- combination of various data sources (business applications, data on the operation of physical aggregates collected using sensors);
- development of mobile analytics (by optimizing the operation of tables, graphs, visual representation of data, OLAP functions on smartphone screens);
- development of non-commercial analytics (for example, social).
Based on the results of the Russian BI market development, we can distinguish the following criteria of the evolution of this process, which reflect qualitative changes: speed (time spent), depth (degree of detail of information), width (scale of coverage of business processes), and availability (opportunities for use in terms of resources and knowledge) As a result, there was a consistent change of three following generations of analytics within the development of the modern paradigm of Business Intelligence implementation in the Russian market:
1) centralized analytics, in which reports were prepared exclusively by the IT team specialists based on a data warehouse and a clear terms of reference; disadvantages: the need to rebuild data marts and, as a result, increase the IT team labor costs; low availability for a wide range of users-employees of corporations, narrowness of tasks and relevant information received;
2) decentralized analytics involving the use of a simplified model of user interaction with data using a convenient graphical interface, which increased the speed, availability, and depth (detail) of analytics; disadvantages: restrictions on the width of information coverage, the need to rebuild data marts with the involvement of specialists in writing complex SQL queries;
3) democratized analytics, which was based on the Self-Service Bl concept contributing to the maximum reduction (due to automation) of the number of employees involved in the development and administration of BI-tools; it allowed almost any employee to perform the functions of an analyst without additional training.
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Thus, each subsequent generation of analytics changed qualitatively in the process of the Russian BI market evolution, i.e. the speed and availability, depth and breadth of information and knowledge increased. This resulted in the formation of two key concepts that are the basis of modern BI tools:
1) built-in artificial intelligence (AI), which allows to create a system of integrated AI analytics (unlike visual descriptive analytics) and perform predictive and prescriptive analysis; the introduction of AI contributes to the democratization of analytics - by forming a class of Self-Service analysts/non-professional mathematicians and, at the same time, allows using mathematical languages (R, Python.Go, MatLab);
2) Continuous Intelligence - a technology that generates real time reports and mathematical forecasts, which helps to improve the efficiency of the decision-making process.
The use of BI-systems is extremely important for every modern business unit, whether it is a large corporation, SME enterprise, or a state body. BI solutions are an integral part of the digital economy, and their full-fledged use as a decision making support tool includes significant potential, which allows (through the effective use of knowledge) not to simply create effective business models, but also to track its current state, increase the level of transparency in decision-making, reduce costs and increase profitability.
References
1. Ya.A. Petrov. Business intelligence kak sovremennyj instrument biznes-analitiki [Business intelligence as a modern tool of business analytics] / Ya.A. Petrov, S.Yu. Stepanov, A.Yu. Sidorenko, K.A. Glebova // Information Technologies and Systems: Management, Economics, Transport, Law. - 2020. - No. 1 (37). - pp. 135-140.
2. Main Trends of the BI Market in Russia [Electronic resource]. – URL.: https://www.tadviser.ru/index.php/Статья:Главные_тенденции_рынка_BI_в_России (access date: February 05, 2021)
3. 8 How the BI Market Will Develop in Russia [Electronic resource]. – URL.: https://www.norbit.ru/press-tsentr/publikatsii/kak-budet-razvivatsya-rynok-bi-v-rossii/ (access date: February 05, 2021).
Панкова А.А.
Научный руководитель Вершинина А.А.
(РЭУ им. Г. В. Плеханова)
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