Complete the table using suitable derivatives.
| Nouns | Adjective | |
| 1 | … | digestive |
| 2 | palate | … |
| 3 | … | salivary |
| 4 | pharynx | … |
| 5 | … | esophageal |
| 6 | intestine | … |
| 7 | … | duodenal |
| 8 | rectum | … |
| 9 | … | pancreatic |
| 10 | abdomen | … |
3. Label the picture using the words from the active vocabulary.
Fill in the gaps using the words from the box.
| esophagus nutrients liver colon gall-bladder mouth detoxicating organ small intestine food bile duct |
1. The ileum is the longest section of the__________, being about 2.5 m long.
2. Bile is stored in the _________until required by the stomach.
3. If fatty food is present in the stomach, bile moves from the gall-bladder along
the__________ to the stomach.
4. The pharynx is the channel both for air and__________.
5. The________ is situated in the top part of the abdomen on the right side of the
body next to the stomach and weighs about 2 kg.
6. Blood carrying __________from the intestines enters the liver by the hepatic
portal vein; the nutrients are removed and the blood returned to the heart
through the hepatic vein.
7. The liver is the major __________in the body; it destroys harmful organisms in
the blood, produces clotting agents, secretes bile and metabolizes proteins,
carbohydrates and fats.
8. The __________is about 1.35 meters in length, and rises from the end of the
small intestine up the right side of the body, then crosses beneath the stomach
and drops down the left side of the body to end as the rectum.
9. The stomach is situated in the top of the abdomen, and on the left side of the
body between the __________and the duodenum.
10. The stomach continues the digestive process started in the__________, but few
substances, except alcohol and honey, are actually absorbed into the bloodstream in the stomach.
Fill in the crossword.
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Down:
1. The process by which food is broken down in the alimentary canal into components which can be absorbed by the body.
2. The fluid in the mouth, secreted by the salivary glands, which starts the process of digesting food.
3. The muscular passage leading from the back of the mouth to the esophagus.
4. The same as digestive.
5. A short passage after the rectum at the end of the alimentary canal, leading outside the body between the buttocks and through which faeces are passed.
6. The part of the body shaped like a bag, into which food passes after being swallowed and where the process of digestion continues.
7. The first part of the small intestine, going from the stomach to the jejunum.
8. The lower part of the small intestine, between the jejunum and the caecum.
9. The set of bones in the mouth which are used to chew food.
10. The main part of the large intestine, running from the caecum at the end of the small intestine to the rectum.
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Across:
1. The end part of the large intestine leading from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
2. An organ in the body containing cells that secrete substances such as hormones, sweat or saliva which act elsewhere.
3. The space inside the body below the diaphragm, above the pelvis and in front of the spine, containing the stomach, intestines, liver and other vital organs.
4. The sac situated underneath the liver, in which bile produced by the liver is stored.
5. To break down food in the alimentary canal and convert it into components which are absorbed into the body.
6. An opening at the head of the alimentary canal, through which food and drink are taken in, and through which a person speaks and can breathe.
7. The tube down which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach.
8. The long muscular organ inside the mouth which can move and is used for tasting, swallowing and speaking. The top surface is covered with papillae, some of which contain taste buds.
9. The gland which lies across the back of the body between the kidneys.
10. The part of the mouth which can be soft and hard.
11. The part of the digestive system which is usually divided into large and small.
12. The part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum, about 2 meters long.
URINARY SYSTEM
ACTIVE VOCABULARY
glomerulus (i) [glɒˈmɛrjʊləs] -
groin [grɔɪn]- пах
kidney(s) [ˈkɪdnɪ] -
nephron [ˈnefrɔn]
renal capsule [ˈriːnəl ˈkæpsjuːl] -
renal cortex [ˈriːnəl ˈkɔːtɛks ] -
renal fascia [ˈriːnəl ˈfeɪʃə] -
renal parenchyma [ˈriːnəl pəˈrɛŋkɪmə]
renal pelvis [ˈriːnəl ˈpɛlvɪs]
renal tubule [ˈriːnəl ˈtjuːbjuːl]
to excrete [ɛksˈkriːt] –
to filter [ˈfɪltə] -
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to urinate / pass water [ˈjʊərɪneɪt] -
ureter [jʊəˈriːtə]-
urethra [jʊəˈriːθrə] -
urinary bladder [ˈjʊərɪnəri ˈblædə]
urinary system / tract
urination / waterworks [jʊərɪˈneɪʃən]-
urine / urinary [ˈjʊərɪn, ˈjʊərɪnəri] -
waste product [weɪst ˈprɒdʌkt] -
1. Match the synonyms.
| 1 | ureter | A | bladder |
| 2 | urinary system | B | pass urine |
| 3 | urination | C | waterworks |
| 4 | urinary bladder | D | urinary duct |
| 5 | renal pelvis | E | pelvis of the kidney |
| 6 | urinate | F | urinary tract |
| 7 | urination | G | micturition |
Complete the table.
| Noun | Adjective | ||
| 1 | urine | A | |
| 2 | B | renal | |
| 3 | ureter | C | |
| 4 | D | ureteral | |
| 5 | bladder | E | |
| 6 | F | pelvic | |
2. Study the text below. Fill in the gaps using the words from the box.
| urine sphincter vertebral column urethra lobes bean-shaped squeeze weighs abdominal cavity brown |
The kidneys are (1)_____organs with a reddish (2)_____ color. In adults, the kidneys are enclosed in a tough, fibrous capsule. The kidneys are about 11 cm long, 6 cm wide and 3 cm thick. The kidneys lie on either side of the (3)_____on the upper posterior wall of the (4)_____. The left kidney is about 1.5–2 cm higher than the right one. Each kidney (5)_____about 150 grams. Each kidney has approximately eight (6)_____. The two kidneys contain two million nephrons that process 1,75 liters of blood per day, producing about 1.5 liters of (7)____. The urine goes from a kidney’s hollow pelvis into a ureter. This long tube’s muscular walls (8)_____urine down to the baglike bladder, which stores the urine until a person wants to urinate. A ring of muscle, the (9)_____, mostly holds the bladder exit tightly closed. When the sphincter is relaxed, urine leaves the body through a tube called the (10)_____.
3. Match the medical term with its definition.
| 1 | Urethra | A | one of the two tubes which take urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. Also called urinary duct |
| 2 | Kidney | B | a tube which takes urine from the bladder to be passed out of the body. |
| 3 | Ureter | C | a sac where the urine collects after passing from the kidneys through the ureters, before being passed out of the body through the urethra. |
| 4 | Urine | D | the system of organs and ducts which separate waste liquids from the blood and excrete them as urine. |
| 5 | Urinary tract | E | the set of tubes down which the urine passes from the kidneys to the bladder and from the bladder out of the body |
| 6 | Urinary system | F | either of two organs situated in the lower part of the back on either side of the spine behind the abdomen, whose function is to pass the waste matter into the urine. |
| 7 | Urinary bladder | G | a junction at each side of the body where the lower abdomen joins the top of the thighs |
| 8 | Renal pelvis | H | a yellowish liquid, containing water and waste products, mainly salt and urea, which is excreted by the kidneys and passed out of the body. |
| 9 | Renal cortex | I | the outer covering of the kidney, immediately beneath the capsule. |
| 10 | Groin | J | the upper and wider part of the ureter leading from the kidney where urine is collected before passing down the ureter into the bladder. |
NERVOUS SYSTEM
ACTIVE VOCABULARY
brain [ breɪn ] -
brainstem [`breɪnstem] -
central / peripheral[ pəˈrɪfərəl] -
cerebellum [serəˈbeləm] -
cerebral hemisphere [`serebralˈhemɪsfɪə] -
cerebrum [ sɪˈriːbrəm] -
convolution [ˌkɒnvəˈluːʃən] -
cortex [ˈkɔːteks] -
frontal lobe [ˈfrʌntəl ləʊb] -
ganglion (pl. a) [ˈɡæŋɡliən] -
hypothalamus [ˌhaɪpəʊˈθæləməs] -
impulse [ˈɪmpʌls] -
medulla [me`dʌlə] -
nerve [nɜːv] -
nerve terminal [nɜːv ˈtɜːmɪnəl] -
nervous system [ˈnɜːvəs ˈsɪstəm] -
occipital lobe [ɒkˈsɪpɪtəl ləʊb] -
parietal lobe [pəˈraɪətəl ləʊb] -
receptor [rɪˈseptər] -
sense [sens] -
spinal cord [ˈspaɪnəl kɔːd] -
stimulus (pl. i) [ˈstɪmjʊləs] -
subcortex [sʌb`kɔteks] -
sulcus [sʌlkəs] -
temporal lobe [`tempərəl ləʊb]
1. Find 10 words from the active
Vocabulary in the puzzle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
| 2 | H | E | M | I | S | P | H | E | R | E |
| 3 | Y | S | P | A | R | I | E | T | A | L |
| 4 | P | C | N | V | S | N | W | C | E | R |
| 5 | O | M | E | U | L | O | B | E | F | A |
| 6 | T | E | R | T | B | F | H | R | K | B |
| 7 | H | D | V | Y | C | G | S | E | P | R |
| 8 | A | U | E | I | O | H | F | B | I | A |
| 9 | L | L | D | U | R | J | D | E | Y | I |
| 10 | A | L | F | O | T | K | A | L | E | N |
| 11 | M | A | G | P | E | L | K | L | R | S |
| 12 | U | H | L | X | C | H | U | W | T | |
| 13 | C | E | R | E | B | R | U | M | Q | E |
| 14 | A | S | D | G | H | J | K | L | P | M |
2. Match the words to form word combinations.
| 1 | cerebral | A | organ |
| 2 | temporal | B | lobe |
| 3 | spinal | C | terminal |
| 4 | nerve | D | hemisphere |
| 5 | sense | E | cord |
| 6 | nervous | F | lobe |
| 7 | occipital | G | cortex |
| 8 | brain | H | system |
3. Label the picture using the words from the box.
| brainstem cerebellum frontal lobe occipital lobe parietal lobe temporal lobe |
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
| 4 |
| 5 |
| 6 |
4. Finish the sentences using the words from the box.
| nerve cortex sulcus subcortex spinal cord receptor temporal lobe convolution hypothalamus peripheral nervous system |
1. A twisted shape of the surface of the cerebrum is __________.
2. The outer layer of the cerebrum opposed to the medulla is called __________.
3. A nerve ending or cell which senses a change such as cold or heat in the surrounding environment or in the body and reacts to it by sending an impulse to the central nervous system is __________.
4. A bundle of fibers that can transmit electrochemical impulses and forms part of the network that connects the brain and spinal cord to the body’s organs is ___.
5. All the nerves in different parts of the body which are linked and governed by the central nervous system compose __________.
6. The parts of the brain immediately beneath the cerebral cortex are _________.
7. The part of the brain which controls the production of hormones and regulates important body functions such as hunger, thirst and sleep is __________.
8. The part of the central nervous system, running from the medulla in the vertebral canal of the spine is called __________.
9. A groove or fold, especially between the convolutions in the brain is _______.
10. The lobe above the ear in each cerebral hemisphere is called __________.
ANATOMY IN ENGLISH - TEST 1
1. Translate the words and word combinations from English into Russian.
skull
lower/upper jaw
spinal column
pericardium
chamber
ventricle
tricuspid valve
respiratory
diaphragm
trachea
alveolus/i
hard/soft palate
esophagus
large/small intestine
jejunum
2. Name the anatomical system.
| 1 | alveolus | vital capacity | respiration | lobe | pleura | … |
| 2 | blood | semilunar valve | atrium | chamber | aorta | … |
| 3 | orbit | breastbone | chest | vertebra | thoracic | … |
| 4 | ileum | ceacum | colon | rectum | canal | … |
| 5 | lumbar | sacral | coccyx | pelvis | bone | … |
3. Find one odd out in every column.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| bone vertebra skull coccyx pleura | thigh septum chamber atrium valve | shoulder girdle pelvis joint pancreas ligament | nose chamber mediastinum diaphragm trachea | pericardium esophagus abdomen liver gall-bladder |
4. Fill in the gaps in the sentences using the words from the box.
| tricuspid gland joints abdomen pump |
A. The skeleton consists of many bones which are connected by ______, cartilages and ligaments.
B. The heart is a______, a muscular organ located in the chest and the centre of the cardiovascular system.
C. The heart has four main chambers, two atria and two ventricles, which are divided by the mitral and ________valves.
D. The diaphragm is the main respiratory muscle separating the ____from the chest.
E. The liver is the largest _____of the body which is located in right upper part of the abdominal cavity.
ANATOMY IN ENGLISH - TEST 2
1. Translate the words and word combinations from English into Russian.
orbit
breastbone
chest
vertebra
heart
atrium/a
mitral valve
mediastinum
bronchus/i
bronchiole
salivary gland
pharynx
stomach
duodenum
ceacum
2. Name the anatomical system.
| 1 | nose | lung | mediastinum | diaphragm | bronchi | … |
| 2 | joint | ligament | cartilage | upper extremity | shoulder | … |
| 3 | blood circulation | pericardium | capillary | artery | vein | … |
| 4 | liver | gall-bladder | pancreas | stomach | abdomen | … |
| 5 | skull | rib | bone | thigh | orbit | … |
3. Find one odd out in every column.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| trachea alveolus pericardium lobe pleura | stomach intestine alimentary digestion breathing | artery ceacum capillary blood aorta | abdomen jejunum chamber esophagus pancreas | skull pericardium upper jaw spinal column rib |
4. Fill in the gaps in the sentences using the words from the box.
| trachea stomach spinal column esophagus pulmonary |
A. The main parts of the skeleton are the________, chest, lower and upper limbs.
B. All blood vessels of the body, arteries and veins, compose the general and _______ blood circulations.
C. During respiration air enters the body through the nose, goes through the larynx, _____, bronchi and bronchioles and enters lung capillaries.
D. The stomach is a container of food which is situated between the ______and the small intestine.
E. The organs which are located in the abdomen are the_____, the intestines and the main digestive glands: the liver, the gall-bladder and the pancreas.
References
1. Richard Walker. Eyewitness. Human Body. - USA: DK Publishing, Dorling Kindersley Limited, 2014. - 72 p.
2. Dictionary of Medical Terms. 4th edition. – London: A & C Black Publishers Ltd, 2005. – 470 p.www.acblack.com
3. Jahangir Moini. Anatomy and physiology for health professionals. USA: Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2020. – 840 p.
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