Практическая работа №35 « Past Perfect.»
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The concept of «volunteer» comes from the French word «volontaire», which takes its roots from the Latin language, namely from the Latin word «voluntarius», which literally means «a volunteer who wants.» A volunteer or a volunteer is one who, according to his desire, in his hunt, undertakes to do some work. In this regard, the concept of «volunteer movement», «volunteering», «volunteering» will be used by us as synonyms. The history of volunteering shows that wide sections of the population, regardless of profession, income and level of education, have always participated in volunteer work. Membership in volunteer movements has neither religious, nor age, nor racial, nor gender restrictions. Every year, volunteering is becoming increasingly popular in the world. Since 1985, December 5, volunteers around the world celebrate the International Volunteer Day, established by the UN. By the decision of the UN General Assembly, 2001 was declared the international year of volunteering, and ten years later, by decision of the European Commission, 2011 was officially declared the Year of Volunteering in Europe. Thus, the UN recognized the importance of the volunteer movement and called on all countries of the world to implement measures to support it. Volunteering, as any activity can be organized and unorganized, carried out in a group or individually, in private organizations or public. Unorganized (spontaneous) volunteering can be defined as one-time, one-time, episodic assistance to those in need. Organized volunteering, most often, is defined as a regular activity carried out with the assistance of non-profit public or private organizations. The forms of volunteering are varied: as one-time charity events and actions, projects and grants, target programs, camps, and carried out on an ongoing basis. Within the framework of these measures, feasible social, cultural, economic, and environmental problems of society are solved.
Практическая работа №36 «Особенности употребления Past perfect и Past Simple..»
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Perfect.
1. By two o'clock the teacher (to examine) all the students. 2. On my way to school I (to remember) that I (to leave) my report at home. 3. All my friends (to be) glad to hear that I (to pass) all the examinations successfully. 4. Poor Oliver (to lie) unconscious on the spot where Sikes (to leave) him. 5. He (to open) his eyes, (to look) around and (to try) to remember what (to happen) to him. 6. All the passengers (to see) at once that the old man (to travel) a great deal in his life. 7. By the time we (to come) to see him, he (to return) home. 8. During the holidays my friend (to visit) the village where he (to live) in his childhood. 9. When they (to enter) the hall, the performance already (to begin). 10. When I came home, my mother (to tell) me that she (to receive) a letter from grandfather. 11. Where you (to work) before you (to enter) the institute? 12. He (to study) French before he (to enter) the university. 13. Lanny (to say) that he (to get) his education in Cape Town. 14. The boy (to want) to act the main part in the play because he (to organize) the theatre. 15. Lanny (not to know) who (to attack) him in the darkness. 16. The girl (to be) glad that she (to find) a seat near the window. 17. Suddenly he (to remember) that he (not to ring) her up in the morning. 18. By the time the train (to reach) the city, he (to make) friends with many passengers. 19. When my uncle (to leave), he (to hurry) to the station to book a ticket. 20. She (to think) that Gert and Lanny (to quarrel).
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Практическая работа №37 «Образование в Великобритании»
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Education in Britain is compulsory and free for all children.
Primary education begins at the age of 5 in England, Wales and Scotland, and 4 in Northern Ireland. It includes three age ranges: nursery for children under 5 years, infants from 5 to 7, and juniors from 7 to 11 years old. In nursery schools babies don’t have real classes, they learn some elementary things such as numbers, colours and letters. Besides, they play, have lunch and sleep there. Children usually start their school education in an infant school and move to a junior school at the age of 7.
Compulsory secondary education begins when children are 11 or 12 and lasts for 5 years: one form to each year. Secondary schools are generally much larger than primary ones. Pupils in England and Wales begin studying a range of subjects stipulated under the National Curriculum. Religious education is available in all schools, although parents have the right to withdraw their children from such classes.
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About 5 per cent of schoolchildren attend fee-paying private or public schools. Most of these schools are boarding ones, where children live as well as study. The most famous British public schools are Eton, Harrow and Winchester.
The large majority of British schools teach both boys and girls together. But grammar schools, which give state secondary education of a very high standard, teach boys and girls separately.
The school year in England and Wales starts in September and ends in July. In Scotland it runs from August to June and in Northern Ireland from September to June and has three terms. At 7 and 11 years old, and then at 14 and 16 at secondary school, pupils take examinations in the core subjects (English, Mathematics and Science).
The main school examination, the General Certificate of secondary education (GCSE) examination is taken at the age of 16. If pupils are successful, they can make their choice: they may either go to a Further Education College or a Polytechnic or they may continue their education in the sixth form. Those who stay at school after GCSE, study for 2 more years for "A' (Advanced) Level Exams in two or three subjects which is necessary to enter one of British universities. Universities usually select students basing on their A-level results and an interview. After three years of study a university graduate gets the Degree of a Bachelor of Arts, Science or Engineering. Many students then continue their studies for a Master's Degree and then a Doctor's Degree (PhD).
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