Практическая работа №28 «Экономика России. Present Perfect »
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After the Soviet Union was over the Russian economy went through a lot of changes. It had a long way of reformations, several world’s crisis and right now it’s a global system of market economy.
The main industry is still an exports of natural gas and oil that are extracted in Western Siberia. Besides our country has a lot of coal and iron ore as well as diamonds.
We export not only natural resources we have. We get a lot of money from selling weapons and military pattern spare parts, microelectronics, pharmaceutical and nanotechnological products.
Shipbuilding has been very well developed in Russia for a long time. There are over 1000 manufactures that design and repair ships of different kinds and tonnage. Most of these manufactures are located in Saint Petersburg, Severodvinsk, Nizhni Novgorod and in Kaliningrad region.
We also have a developed automobile industry. For example, our AvtoVAZ is the biggest manufacture of passenger cars throughout Eastern Europe. Diesel electric locomotives, plane and helicopters are also produced in our country.
Light industry plays an important role in our economy too. Such industries as textiles, clothing production and leather production are also very developed.
No doubt agriculture, food industry, ferrous and non-ferrous metal industry are very important as well. Our country is one of the largest producers of aluminium and nickel and our wheat production is several times bigger than in the USA and of course, our sweets are well known across the world.
Раскройте скобки , употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect или Past Simple.
1. Helen speaks French so well because she (to live) in France. 2. She (to live) there last year. 3. The rain (to stop) and the sun is shining in the sky again. 4. The rain (to stop) half an hour ago. 5. Mary (to buy) a new hat. 6. I (to buy) a pair of gloves yesterday. 7. The wind (to blow) off the man's hat, and he cannot catch it. 8. The weather (to change), and we can go for a walk. 9. The wind (to change) in the morning. 10. We (to travel) around Europe last year. 11. My father knows so much because he (to travel) a lot. 12. I (to see) Pete today. 13. She (to see) this film last Sunday. 14. Alex (to meet) his friend two hours ago. 15.1 just (to meet) our teacher. 16. The children already (to decide) what to do with the books. 17. Yesterday they (to decide) to help their grandmother. 18. I (not to see) you for a long time. I (to see) you in town two or three days ago, but you (not to see) me. I (to be) on a bus.
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Практическая работа №29 «Традиционные праздники России. »
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There are many national holidays in Russia, when people all over the country do not work and have special celebrations. The major holidays are: New Year's Day, Women's Day, May Day, Victory Day, and Independence Day.
The first holiday of the year is New Year's Day. People see the new year in at midnight on the 31st of December. They greet the new year with champagne and listen to the Kremlin chimes beating 12 o'clock.
There are lots of New Year traditions in Russia. In every home there is a New Year tree glittering with coloured lights and decorations. Children always wait for Father Frost to come and give them a present. Many people consider New Year's Day to be a family holiday. But the young prefer to have New Year parties of their own.
A renewed holiday in our country is Christmas. It is celebrated on the 7th of January. It's a religious holiday and a lot of people go to church services on that day.
Non-official "Men's Day" is the 23d of February, it is a public holiday called "The Homeland Defenders Day". All men in Russia are liable for call-up (including reservists), so they all are celebrities. On this day women usually give men small gifts.
On the 8th of March we celebrate Women's Day when men are supposed to do everything about the house and cook all the meals. This is pretty nice — at least once a year women can take a break and forget about all those dishes, cooking, kids, take a magazine and relax on a coach.
The 1st of May is the Day of Labour. During Soviet time there were huge demonstrations on this day, as everybody was obliged to show his loyalty to the state; now only communists organize meetings on this date.
The greatest national holiday in our country is Victory Day. On the 9th of May, 1945, the Soviet Army and its allies completely defeated the German fascists and the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War ended. A magnificent memorial on Poklonnaya Gora has been built to commemorate the Victory. Many veterans take part in the military parade and lay wreaths on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. Radio and television broadcast popular war songs. A lot of guests from different countries of the . world come to Moscow to participate in the celebrations.
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Independence Day is anew holiday in our country. On the 12th of June, 1992, the first President of Russia was elected.
The 1st of September is the Day of Knowledge — it's the beginning of a school year. Children go to schools with flowers for teachers, there are meetings before the classes start.
The 12th of December — the Constitution Day. This day the first Constitution of the Russian Federation was adopted in 1993 (previous Constitutions were all Soviet Unions).
Russians love to celebrate. We adopted the Western holidays such as St. Valentine, and Halloween. We also appreciate Chinese New Year, Muslim and Jewish holidays, as Russians are very tolerant to other religions.
We also celebrate Easter and lots of professional holidays which are not public holidays and banks, offices and schools do not close.
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