Практическая работа №31 «История России»
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Great Patriotic War
The Great Patriotic War is a huge emotional distress for many people. It’s hard to find a family in our country which didn’t lose somebody in this awful war.
The tragic event started in 1941 in the month of June and lasted for almost four years. The 9th of May, 1945 is considered to be the end of the murderous war. Each year Russian people celebrate this day as a Victory Day with numerous commemorative processions, fireworks and concerts.
Perhaps, the Great Patriotic War was the most horrible war in human history. Thousands of courageous soldiers have died, leaving their children orphaned and wives widowed. It’s hard to imagine that even 13 or 14 year olds were involved in this war. People sacrificed their lives to save the country from outer invasion, to save their comrades and families. Each city that withstood all the pressure coming from Hitler’s army was awarded with the heroic title.
Today every family keeps and honors the photos of their ancestors, who fought at that inhuman war. My mother also keeps a framed picture of her two grandfathers. It’s been more than 60 years ago, but people still remember and commemorate this global event.
Russian people suffered a lot during these four terrifying years. To think about the situation in Leningrad, when citizens had to stay strong for nine hundred days and defend the city. People had to survive the severe cold, the hunger, sleepless nights, the bombardments, etc.
I’m convinced that our generation should be appreciative for all that our great-grandfathers did for us.
Практическая работа №32 «Великие правители страны.»
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The Last Tsar of Russian Empire
On April 8,1894, Alexandra and Nicholas II were engaged. Alexandra was the daughter of Louis IV, the Grand Duke. She was born in 1872. Her grandmother was Queen Victoria of England.
On November 14, 1894, a month after the death of his father Nicholas married Alexandra and officially became the tsar of Russia.
The first son of Nicholas and Alexandra was born in 1904. He had four elder sisters. He was called Alexei. The problem of who would rule Russia in case of an accident to Nicholas was solved.
However, there was a new problem, as Alexei was diagnosed with hemophilia. Another problem, even more serious appeared in 1917, when Nicholas II was forced to end the Romanov's rule over Russia after three hundred years on March 2, 1917 because of the Revolution.
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He was promised that his family would not be hit, if he forfeited the throne. He agreed. He was very kind, intelligent and softhearted man. He loved his family more than all. Because of people were still so upset with him, the Soviet authorities ordered the arrest of Nicholas II and all the members of the Romanov dynasty on March 3,1917. The family was to be isolated from the outside world within the confines of Alexander's Palace, complete with an inside and outside guard. However, soon after, rumours were spreading that claimed the imperial family had escaped to England. Therefore, the government sent the family and their servants to Tobolsk, in Siberia, on July 31,1917.
After spending about nine months under heavy supervision, the family was going to be transported to Moscow to stand trial for treason against Russia. However, this plan was only a fake, as the family was never intended to make it to Moscow. The real plan was that the Ural Bolsheviks would seize the train on its way to Moscow and take the family to the Ural capital of Ekaterinburg.
In Ekaterinburg, the family was put in a prison in one of the town's largest houses, the Ipatiev House.
Two months later, when Ekaterinburg was surrounded by the Czech Legion and the White Army who were intent on overthrowing the Bolsheviks and releasing the imperial family, a decision about the family was made. The Bolsheviks sent a telegram to Moscow containing the plans for an execution of the imperial family on July 16, 1918. The consent was received.
The family was awakened in the early hours of July 17 and taken down to the cellar for what they thought was a family photograph, but there was no photographer. Yakov Yurovsky read out the family's death sentence. As soon as he had finished, the shots began and minutes later, the family was murdered. They loaded up the bodies into a truck and buried them in a pre-selected gravesite. Then their remains were poured over by acid and reburied again.
All their relatives in Russia were murdered following the direct order of Lenin.
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