Grammar notes: Business Phrasal V erbs

Study the information below to find out what the meanings of the phrasal verbs are.

phrasal verb	Russian translation
to be up to	1) быть в состоянии делать что-либо 2) затевать что-то неладное 3) отвечать стандарту 4) зависеть от кого-либо 5) достигать определенного уровня
to bring about	вызывать, быть причиной
to bring down	1) снижать цену 2) нанести удар, победить противника, добиться отставки
to bring in	1) привлекать для оказания помощи 2) приносить деньги в виде прибыли, заработка 3) выдвигать предложение, вносить на рассмотрение, вводить новые идеи
to bring out	1) производить, выпускать 2) высказывать мнение
to bring up	1) поднимать вопрос, ставить на рассмотрение, упоминать 2) принести, доставить документы 3) воспитывать детей
to call for	требовать, нуждаться в чем-либо, предусматривать по плану
to call off	1) отменять мероприятие 2) прекратить что-либо
to call on/upon	1) нанести визит, посетить по делу 2) вызывать кого-либо, призывать, сделать что-либо 3) направлять способности для выполнения какой-либо цели
to catch on	становиться известным, модным
to catch up	1) догнать кого-либо 2) идти вровень с кем-либо
to come out	1) быть в итоге, составлять сумму 2) появляться 3) обнаруживаться, становиться известным или ясным 4) быть изданным, опубликованным, выходить в свет 5) объявлять забастовку 6) показать себя, проявить себя
to come up	1) возникать, появляться я в разговоре, быть упомянутым, выдвигать проблему для обсуждения 2) неожиданно происходить, случаться 3) подняться по общественной или служебной лестнице
to come up with	1) придумывать, обдумывать 2) найти что-либо, поставлять, доставать, давать
to cut back on	сокращать, уменьшать
to cut down on	сокращать (по необходимости, в целях экономии)
to fall behind	1) отставать, терять темп, передвинуться на позицию ниже или сзади остальных 2) становиться хуже, терять качество, не справляться 3) запоздать с платежами
to get by	продержаться, прожить, обходиться
to head off	не допускать, предотвращать, отводить
to lay down	1) устанавливать, утверждать правила, условия 2) сдаться, сложить оружие 3) перестать пользоваться чем-либо
to look into	1) изучать вопрос, проводить расследование, проверку 2) обращаться за информацией, справляться
to look to	1) рассчитывать на помощь, смотреть с надеждой 2) обращать внимание, заботиться, остерегаться
to pay off	1) погасить долг, расплатиться сполна, рассчитаться с 2) рассчитать что-либо 3) окупаться, оправдаться, вознаграждаться
to play down	преуменьшать, умалять серьезность
to put down to	считать что-либо результатом
to put forward	1) предлагать, выдвигать 2) предлагать кого-либо на должность, выдвигать кандидатуру
to put up with	терпеть, мириться, сносить несчастье
to rule out	1) исключить, считать невозможным 2) предотвращать, делать невозможным
to run out	1) подходить к концу, истекать (о времени) 2) иссякать, кончаться, быть на исходе
to set out	1) начать деятельность, начать работать 2) намереваться сделать что-либо 3) отправиться в дорогу 4) излагать причины, идеи 5) разложить что-либо для обозрения, раскинуть 6) разработать план 7) оформить что-либо
to size up	присматриваться друг к другу, оценивать
to stand out	1) выгодно отличаться, выделяться 2) быть заметным
to step down	уйти со своего поста
to step in	вмешиваться, включаться
to step up	1) увеличиваться, наращивать 2) подняться по служебной лестнице
to take on	1) нанимать работника, брать в ученики 2) брать на себя ответственность, нагрузку
to take over	1) прийти к власти, взять управление в свои руки, взять управление под свой контроль 2) принимать должность, обязанности у кого-либо
to turn round	показывать достопримечательности
to turn down	не принимать, отклонять, отказывать
to work out	1) придумать, выработать, составить 2) разрешить разногласия, преодолевать трудности, решать задачу 3) срабатывать, быть успешным 4) получаться в итоге 5) подсчитать, высчитать 6) способствовать увольнению

Task 12 Work in pairs. Read a sentence from the list below, do not show your partner the sentence you choose, take turns and translate your sentences out into Russian. Let your partner translate it back into English. Then compare your partner’s version with the original text, discuss the mistakes made.

Card Partner A

Card Partner B

1. It is up to the marketing manager whether the budget should be geared to a profit goal, a sales goal, or a market share goal. 2. The governor must try to coordinate state policies and work out disputes between different agencies and departments. 3. Our decision to turn down your request was influenced by the current economic recession, which has affected our policy on loans to all sectors of industry and commerce. 4. All the remaining firms are to be auctioned. It will be up to their new owners to restructure them. 5. Technological changes brought about great improvements in the manufacturing process. 6. The company brought working hours down to 44 hours. 7. The state could help by bringing down the inflation rate, the industry’s single greatest problem. 8. Companies are becoming very focused on bringing in people who fit into their culture. 9. When judged by the conventional economic parameters, Turkey comes out the sick man of Europe. 10. A competitor brings out a product that appeals to a broad new market. 11. To answer that question, a little historical perspective is called for. 12. Research has shown that top-level managers who have come up through the ranks show better results than those who were “imported”, because know more about the company and about the overall industry in which it operates. 13. The planned merger between these banks has been called off. 14. It also provoked the US government to call on the German government to ensure full transparency in the battle for control over VEAG. 15. The banker can come up with a reliable way of delivering long-term finance for infrastructure in Asia. 16. It the idea catches on, mobile-gaming firms could be among the competition’s biggest winners. 17. Their foreign sales are only just starting to catch up with domestic ones. 18. So far, the Korean’s record in turning round these financially shaky companies, using the Korean strength in mass-production management, has been impressive. 19. Mr. Marconi turned the economy round in the early 1990s, selling off state-run companies to eager foreign investors. 20. Domestic demand has faltered and modest expectations of short-term recovery have been cut back for the second time this year. 21. The company will be taken over or subsumed in a so-called “merger of equals”. 22. The government has struggled to cut down on unnecessary red tape.

1.    Compared with what he called the more innovative economies of Asia and America, he said that Germany was “threatened with falling behind”. 2.    So far, we are getting by without foreign credits. 3.    The US Federal Reserve will move next month to head off inflation by raising rates. 4.    Now, the intention is to take several hundred people on during the next few weeks to speed up construction of the network. 5.    Several key European Central Bank officials stepped up warnings of risks to price stability. 6.    The guidelines laid down in the trust deeds of many ethical funds means that a number of the UK’s larger companies may be excluded from portfolios. 7.    In the next few months, the company will look into capital investment. 8.    European companies can now look to global financial markets. 9.    In a year’s time, my investment in modern equipment and raising production should start to pay off. 10.  US officials played down the prospects of this firm going bankrupt. 11.  They put the growth of the company down to its marketing ability and its central location with easy access to motorways and railway mainlines. 12.  His government has just put forward a 2004 budget intended to bring Portugal’s fiscal deficit below the Maastricht target of 3 per cent of gross domestic product. 13.  An economy is prepared to put up with the domestic inconvenience of inflation. 14.  The Government has ruled out signing up for monetary union during its first term of office. 15.  Sodexho, which ruled out fraud, said it had called in an unnamed independent accounting expert “to strengthen our analysis and internal audit process”. 16.  The money raised in 2002 has run out. 17.  In 1947 P. Samuelson, later awarded the Nobel Prize for economics, set out to apply the principles of thermodynamics to economics. 18.  It is assumed that firms set out to maximize profits. 19.  They must meet the criteria set out in the Maastricht treaty. 20.  General Electric of the US has set out an ambitious program of e-commerce for its European operations. 21.  During this situation analysis, the focus is on sizing up the situation through surveys of knowledgeable people and surveys of secondary data. 22.  The company will stand out from its competitors and improve its position in the French market.

SPEAKING

Task 12 Read the following text, discuss what the passport and visa requirements for those who want to come into the RF are, and if these requirements are fair and comply with the international standards.

All foreign citizens entering and leaving the RF shall be asked to produce valid documents (as per validity period stated therein and issued by respective authorities) as proof of their identity and recognized as such in the Russian Federation as well as a valid RF entry visa.

The following documents are considered as constituting an RF citizen’s proof of identity:

· a passport

· a diplomaticpassport

· a servicepassport

· a seaman’s passport (seaman's ID).

All foreign citizens entering the Russian Federation are required to have valid RF entry visas.

Only the CIS citizens with the exception of those of Georgia and Turkmenistan are allowed to enter the Russian Federation without the otherwise mandatory entry visas.

RF entry visas can be obtained at an RF Consulate or Embassy in the applicant’s country of permanent residence. For a visa to be issued a formal Letter of Invitation from the RF Ministry of Foreign Affairs or an authorized Russian travel agency or a business company is required.

Minor RF citizens normally leave the RF accompanied by at least one of their parents, adoptive parents, guardians or custodians. In the event of a minor citizen’s leaving the RF unaccompanied, he or she is required to have on hand and in addition to his/her passport a notarized consent by any of the above persons (as the case may be) to such a leave of absence specifying its length and listing the country (countries) to be visited by the minor in question.

All the persons entering the Russian Federation under any circumstances are required to have RF entry visas except when the above persons happen to be:

1. RF citizens

2. CIS citizens, barring Georgia and Turkmenistan

All RF entry visa issuance prior to arrival in the RF is via the RF consulates and embassies abroad. Applicants shall be expected to submit a letter of invitation from friends, relatives or a business letter of invitation. The documents are to be duly registered by respective organizations and/or agencies.

Additional information

1. All visas except for multiple-entry ones are valid for one trip only. They must be used in strict compliance with the terms and conditions set forth therein. Expired visas and passports or those bearing marks and notations by any unauthorized agencies shall be considered invalid.

2. Passengers holding tourist visas must also have confirmed hotel reservations on hand.

3. All the foreign citizens remaining in the RF for a period exceeding three days shall have to register by submitting their migration cards at an appropriate Interior Ministry agency or at the hotel of their stay.

4. All foreign citizens arriving in the Russian Federation should have a valid medical or tourist insurance policy covering any possible medical emergencies and services.

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