Grammar notes: the Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction

⇐ ПредыдущаяСтр 5 из 41Следующая ⇒

The Absolute Participial Construction may be introduced by the preposition with and is then called the Prepositional Participial Construction. Its nominal part is usually a noun in the Common case, or very rarely a personal pronoun in the Objective case. The Construction is more closely related to the predicate verb and is seldom set off by the comma.

· The Absolute Participial Construction functions as an adverbial modifier of manner and attendant circumstances. In this function, sentences with a Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction are translated by complex sentences with a coordinate clause or a subordinate clause, and sometimes by means of a prepositional phrase or an adverbial participle.

Task 15 Read the sentences and say whether the with-phrases represent the Absolute Participle Construction or just prepositional word combinations. Translate the sentences into Russian, pay special attention to those which contain the Absolute Participial Construction .

1. The article deals with investments, with particular attention being paid to FDI and a lot of people find this article very attractive.

2. With the reconstruction of the financial system, cash flows of passengers have increased, that is why nowadays the situation is not so stable.

3. Africa, despite its rich natural resources, has not receiving with foreign direct investments, but also they import and export their resources to developing countries.

4. The president of France was listening to the council with his eyes closed, because he did not support the idea of Free Trade.

5. With prices going up so fast, we can’t afford luxuries and it can cause the global wild swings.

6. We cannot prevent the crisis with all this situation in the world, but we can expand sales and pursue international business to support the economy of the world.

7. WWF could not agree with situation going on the World Market because they try to estimate the profit margin in 2017.

8. The economy of Greece remained stable, with investing from Bank of Europe, that is why the European Union support the financial commitment.

9. Bank of the France has stopped with developing MNCs because they did not find it useful and suppose that it can destroy their reputation.

10. With inflation raising so fast, we cannot stop the situation on the market because all of our funds are left.

11. Dealing with public finance, you should never forget that corporations have a lot of differences from sole proprietors and partnerships because they have limited liability.

12. We have found the solution of the problem because our directors tried to assess the debts of our partner, speaking with them on the meeting.

13. With thinking about FDIs, analytics find a prospective way to raise a capital and income of the company by introducing of funds.

14. With boosting the economic values, all countries try to liberalize the capital movement and to prevent the economy of the world by amplifying of austerity measures.

15. The world economy in 2016 was worth 74.770$ trillion in GDP terms, with using the Purchasing Price Parity method of valuation.

16. With uprisings and revolution sweeping the Arab world, we are now back over 100$ at the start of 2011.

17. With lowing of export machines from Europe, Germany prolonged the period of low growth and civil unrest.

SPEAKING

Task 16 Read the following text and say whether Russia’s economy booming or not. How does the author prove it? Do you agree with the author?

It's not about just oil and gas

Russian economic growth hit a six-year high of 7.9% year on year in the first quarter, propelled by strong growth in construction, manufacturing and trade. The result is particularly impressive in light of the small contribution made by oil and gas. Although economic growth is likely to ease during the rest of the year, robust domestic demand may ensure that the full-year rate does not slow appreciably from the 6.7%.

State statistics agency RosStat released full first-quarter GDP data on June 14th. The main factors behind the 7.9% headline growth figure were a 23.2% rise in construction, an 11.8% expansion in manufacturing and a 9.1% increase in trade. Large gains were also registered for hotels and restaurants (13.9%), the wholesale and retail trade (9.1%), transport and communication (7.9%).

Saving and spending

Two themes permeate the data. First, investment is very strong and this is powering economic growth. Fixed capital investment soared by 20.1% year on year in January-March, according to estimates from the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade, compared with just 5.7% growth during the year-earlier period.

Second, household consumption is buoyant. With real disposable incomes up by 13%, private consumption rose by 12.7% year on year in January-March, according to the economic development ministry's estimates. This helped to fuel a 13.6% rise in retail sales and a 7.9% increase in the sales of services to the population. Strong domestic demand is also reflected in further rapid growth in imports of goods and services. These were up by 36.8% year on year in January-March; exports, by contrast, rose by 5.3%, with energy exporters still struggling to increase production volumes.

Improving access to consumer credit is also helping to fuel demand. Domestic credit rose by 46.4% year on year and continued to expand. The central bank reports a 53.7% rise in the value of rouble credit last year, with foreign-currency loans up by a more modest 29.3%. Loans to individuals recorded the fastest growth, on account of rapidly rising consumer credit.

Home grown

Strong domestic demand is proving a boon for a number of manufacturing sectors. The machinery and equipment sector increased its output, with particularly solid growth in output of machinery and equipment used in housing construction and roadbuilding (including an approximately 70% year-on-year rise in output of bulldozers and cranes in March). Rising investment also explained much of the increase in output of electrical machinery and equipment, with demand for office and computing equipment surging. Consumer demand is also playing a role, as underlined by a sharp increase in the production of televisions.

Amidst this strong growth, the oil and gas industry--for years the economy’s mainstay--is struggling. Natural gas output rose by just 0.3% year on year during the first quarter, with independents faring little better the state monopolist Gazprom. Oil output rose by 4.2% over the same period, primarily owing to favourable weather conditions. Preliminary data for output growth in April show a return to more modest 1.8% year-on-year growth, or somewhat below the 2.6% increase in output recorded for the previous year as a whole.

Too fast to last

In the absence of a more vigorous performance from oil and gas, can this pace of GDP growth be sustained? The momentum behind the expansion of construction, manufacturing and aclutch of service-related sectors is certainly promising, and strong domestic demand will continue to drive the economy. However, base effects will have a less favourable impact in the rest of the year. Moreover, buoyant consumer demand will continue to fuel strong import growth and as a result net trade will exert an increasing drag on GDP growth. As a result, full-year GDP growth this year is likely to be within the official government forecast of 6.5-7%. Faster economic growth is unlikely while energy output growth remains sluggish and while Russia’s large-scale investment needs are not--even now--being fully met. A range of problems in the business environment and competitiveness - eroding real rouble appreciation are further obstacles in the path of Russia’s economy. Still, in the context of the near stagnation of hydrocarbons output, Russia’s growth performance is surprisingly robust and well above the long-term trend rate.

Task 17 Have a discussion on the following topics:

· What examples can you give of “creative destruction” occurring at the moment?

· During a downturn, to what extent should the government intervene in the economy, e.g. by creating demand or jobs? How could it do these things?

· What are the economic arguments against such governmental spending?

· Which is more important, fighting inflation or unemployment?

· In an economic crisis, should governments rescue banks that have taken too big risks, and large companies in old industries, or rather invest in new, efficient start-up companies in innovative new industries such as information technology, biotechnology, nanotechnology, wind and solar power, etc.?

· Which companies in your country are “too big to go bankrupt”?

· Which industries should the government invest in?

Дата добавления: 2019-09-13; просмотров: 400; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы!

Поделиться с друзьями:

⇐ Предыдущая 1 2 3 456 7 8 9 10 Следующая ⇒

Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!