Упражнения на модальные глаголы, выражающие разрешение и возможность.
Упр.6.4.1. Заполните пропуски положительной или отрицательной формами can , could , to be able to. Имейте в виду, что когда речь идет об успешной одиночной попытке сделать что-либо в прошлом, глагол could не используется. Вместо него используются формы was able to и managed to . Can и could наравне с may употребляются для выражения разрешения, позволения что-либо сделать. Причем may относят к более формальному стилю.
a. In my country you ____________ get married when you are 16.
b. Women ___________ vote in England until 1922.
c. Last night I __________ get into my house because I had forgotten my key.
d. I phoned the Gas Board because I thought I ___________ smell gas, which is very dangerous.
e. “Hello. Is that the dentist? ___________ I make an appointment to see you, please?
f. I’m learning car mechanics because I want ___________ to service my own car. It costs a fortune if you send it to the garage.
g. Many night animals ______________ see very well, but they have a highly developed sense of smell.
h. If you __________ do this exercise, you’re very clever!
Упр.6.4.2. Ниже даны два диалога с перепутанными репликами, в которых один человек просит разрешения, а другой дает его. В одном диалоге Mr Roberts и Mr Thomas разговаривают в офисе, а в другом диалоге разговор идет между отцом и сыном. Поставьте реплики в правильном порядке, сформировав два диалога. Обратите внимание на различия при выражении позволения что-либо сделать.
a. But I’m taking Dave to see his girlfriend in hospital.
b. Yes, what is it?
c. I told you. I need it.
d. It’s not a very convenient time at the moment.
e. Well, as you know, my father can’t walk very well, and he needs to go into hospital. I was wondering if I could have a day off work?
f. Thank a lot, Dad. I won’t be home late.
g. Oh, please. He won’t be able to go if I don’t give him a lift.
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h. That’s very kind. I’ll make up the time, I promise.
i. No, you can’t. I need it.
j. Mr Roberts? Could I have a word with you?
k. I’d be terribly grateful. He wouldn’t be able to go if I weren’t there to help him.
l. All right. I suppose I can walk. The exercise will do me good.
m. Well, if that’s the case I suppose you should.
n. Dad, can I have the car tonight?
Диалог 1. Диалог 2.
- Mr Thomas: - Son:
- Mr Roberts: - Father:
Упр.6.4.3. Заполните пропуски словами из списка. Каждое слово можно использовать только один раз.
can may might must don’t have to needn’t ought rather want
Foreign students in Britain (1) ________ usually stay with family or they (2) _______ be able to find a cheap hotel if they’d (3) ________ be on their own. Those who (4) _______ to improve their English very quickly normally stay with a family. Students who come to Britain for more than three months (5) _______ register with the police. If you stay for less than three months, you (6) ________ register at the police station. All foreign students (7) ________ to register with a doctor although it is not compulsory. You (8) ________ need medical help during your stay. If you fall ill, you (9) _________ go directly to a hospital unless it is a serious emergency. Phone your doctor first.
Степень вероятности протекания события .
Степень вероятности протекания события помогает определить ситуация. Чтобы дать вероятностную оценку прошлым событиям, необходимо употребить перфектный инфинитив.
Упр.6.5.1. Закончите следующие предложения, используя might и глаголы в скобках для выражения небольшой вероятности настоящих и будущих событий.
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Пример: Take your umbrella because …. (rain)
Take your umbrella because it might rain.
a. She’s not sure what to do when she leaves university……(have a holiday / look for a job).
b. They don’t know where to have a holiday…..(Spain / stay at home).
c. Write my telephone number in your book…….(forget it).
d. I’ll try to arrive at 8.00, but ….(be late) if the traffic is bad.
e. I’m going to Paris for a meeting next week…. (stay the night / come back the same day). It depends how long the meeting goes on.
Упр. 6.5.2. Поставьте глагол в скобках в нужном времени, выбрав из следующих форм:
will
might
may } do, be doing
could
won’t
a. There’s no point in phoning him this afternoon. He _________ (work) in the garden, and he __________ (not hear) the phone.
b. Don’t forget your umbrella. You never know, it __________ (rain).
c. A I hope we ___________ (not disturb) Pat when we drop in tonight.
B Don’t worry. She _____ (not work). She told me yesterday she never works in
the evening.
d. It’s a crazy idea but it _____________ (work).
e. A I have invited Jane to the party on Saturday.
B She ____________ (not come). She hates parties.
f. A I’ve bought three kilos of cheese for the party.
B That’s rather a lot, isn’t it? They ___________ (not like) cheese.
g. A Why haven’t you gone to the airport? I thought you were going to Rome.
B I’m sure the plane _____________ (delay - passive). The weather’s too bad.
h. Be careful with the dog. She turns a bit nasty sometimes, and _______ (bite) you.
i. I don’t know why I bother with my girlfriend. I know exactly what ______ (happen) tonight. I ______ (go) round to her house to pick her up, she ________ (have) a bath or ___________ (do) her hair as she always is, and I ________ (have to) wait three hours for her to get ready.
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j. I have nothing to wear for this party. All I’ve got is this old black dress, and Suzy ___________ (wear) something spectacular, as usual.
Упр.6.5.3. Отреагируйте на предложения из колонки 1, используя must или can ’ t, добавляя соответствующие причины, выбранные из колонки 2.
Пример: A Is Jane married?
B She can’t be married. She’s only fifteen.
1 2
1. Is Jane married? a. I saw her looking at wedding ring
yesterday.
2. I saw Alice in town yesterday. b. I’ve just seen her playing tennis.
3. I was served in a restaurant by Tessa. c. She’s only fifteen.
4. Is Sheila thinking of moving? d. There’s a strong smell coming from
next door.
5. Did Anita get engaged to Alan? e. She went abroad last week.
6. Has Pat hurt his leg? f. She told me she did not like him.
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7. Is Jenny going out with Tom? g. She’s a school-teacher.
8. Is Mary having her flat decorated? h. There’s a For Sale notice up outside
her house.
Упр.6.5.4. Переделайте предложения, используя глаголы must , can ’ t или might с соответствующей формой инфинитива.
Пример: I’m sure Harry’s at least sixty.
Harry must be at least sixty.
Perhaps he’s having a party.
He might be having a party.
a. I’m sure he hasn’t retired yet. He still leaves the house every morning.
b. I’m sure he isn’t very well off. His house is in a terrible mess.
c. Perhaps he spent all his money when he was younger.
d. I’m sure he does a lot of gardening. His garden looks beautiful.
e. I’m sure he’s read a lot of books about gardening. He’s certainly expert.
f. I’m sure he’s working in his garden now. I can hear someone digging.
g. Now I can hear voices. Perhaps he’s talking to Miss Appleby.
h. No, I’m sure it isn’t Miss Appleby. It’s two men’s voices.
i. They’re shouting. Perhaps they are having an argument.
j. They’re talking about money. Perhaps Harry owes the other man some money.
k. Now I can’t hear anything. I’m sure they’ve gone inside.
l. My God! A gun shot! I’m sure Harry killed him!
m. No, there’s Harry outside, so it wasn’t Harry who was shot.
n. There’s a siren. I’m sure this is the police arriving.
o. Look at all those lights and cameras. Ah! Now I understand. They were making a film!
Упр.6.5.5. Поставьте себя на место детектива, расследующего ограбление в доме Смитов. С помощью соответствующих модальных глаголов выскажите предположение о ситуации.
“I wonder how the thief got in. He (a) __________ used a ladder or he (b) ________ had a key. Ah! What’s this? Broken glass by the kitchen door, and the door has been unlocked. He (c) _________ broken the window, put his hand inside, and turned the key. That (d) __________ made a noise. I wonder if the neighbours heard anything?”
(He goes next door to talk to the neighbours, and knocks on the door.)
“There is no reply. I suppose they (e) _________ be on holiday, or they (f) ___________ watching television.”
(He listens at the letter-box.)
“I can hear voices. Someone (g) _________ in. Rather odd.”
(He goes back to the Smith’s house.)
“Now I wonder what was stolen. I don’t think the Smith family is terribly well off, so the thief (h) _________ found a lot to steal. It was clever of him to come in just after Mrs Smith went shopping. He (i) ___________ known she would be out. What was that noise? It came from upstairs. The burglar (j) _________ not _______ left the house yet! He (k) __________ hiding upstairs! I’d better go and see.”
Упр .6.5.6. Закончите второе предложение так, чтобы оно имело значение, подобное первому. Используйте выделенное слово и от 2 до 5 других слов, нужных по смыслу.
a. It is possible that you gave her the wrong number.
might: You __________ the wrong number.
b. It is not possible that Richard knew about this.
have: Richard ________ about it.
c. Perhaps Susan didn’t want to come to the party.
may: Susan ________ to come to the party.
d. There is a possibility that Mary forgot about the meeting.
could: Mary _______ about the meeting.
e. I am certain that he wasn’t telling the truth.
must: He _______ lies.
f. He might have seen the film already.
has: Perhaps ________ the film.
g. The police say his death was definitely not an accident.
been: The police say his death ______ an accident.
h. There is no doubt that he was driving too fast at the time.
must: He ________ too fast at the time.
i. Perhaps Colin was in the bath when you phoned.
might: Colin ________ in the bath when you phoned.
j. It is possible that she did not receive my letter.
may: She ________ my letter.
Упр .6.5.7. Подчеркните слово или фразу, которая правильно завершает предложение.
a. I’m not certain, but it might / must have been half past four.
b. You must / can’t have been sunbathing all week - you haven’t got a tan.
c. Why don’t you sit down? You may / must be exhausted after such a long journey.
d. She can’t / must have gone on holiday. She’s got too much work to do.
e. It can’t / must have been Tom who left the lights on. He’s always doing that.
f. Laura may / can’t have tried to phone earlier, but I don’t know for sure.
g. He must / might have picked up this gun because his fingerprints are all over it.
h. She can’t / could have eaten that whole cake herself - it was huge!
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