USSR AND WESTERN ALLIES DURING
THE BATTLE OF STALINGRAD: ACTUAL ASPECTS OF RELATIONS
Myagkov Mikhail Yurievich
Doctor of Sciences (History)
Scientific Director of the Russian Military Historical Society
4 Petroverigskiy pereulok, building 1, 101000, Moscow, Russian Federation myagk ov@mail.ru
Abstract. The author considers how during the Battle of Stalingrad relations between the USSR and the allies were formed, and the battle influenced the discussion about the second front and foundations of the post-war reconstruction. It is emphasized that the Western allies took advantage of the sacrificial struggle of the Soviet people for their independence and freedom of other countries. The active US involvement in the war against Nazi Germany, when the Red Army reached the turning point, became quite «acceptable» in terms of military losses
and should have ensured the influence of Western allies in key parts of the European continent.
Key words: Great Patriotic war, Battle of Stalingrad, Second Front, international relations.
3a smoxanahou Ctanmhfpagckou 6mtbou (1942–1943 ff.) cnegmn momctmhe beca mmp. Ctoukocta cobetckmx bomhob ctana pemadymm Øaktopom b goctmwe- hmm Kpachou Apmmeu kopehhofo mepenoma he tonako b Benmkou Oteuectbehhou, ho m bo bceu Btopou mmpobou bouhe. Mewgyhapoghae cmtyayme b hauanahɵu me- pmog 6mtbɵ sa Ctanmhfpag cknagɵbanaca othdga he tak xopomo, kak paccumtɵ- ban CCCP. ¶anekm ot mgeanahɵx 6ɵnm bsammoothomehme Mockbɵ c samaghɵmm codshmkamm, ga m cama ahtmfmtnepobckae koanmyme 6ɵna 6onee monmtmueckmm, uem peanahɵm boehhɵm 6nokom. Otcytctbme btopofo Øpohta bo mhofom mpego- mpegenmno opfahmsaymd Fepmahmeu hobofo moyhofo ygapa mo Cobetckomy Co- dsy b 1942 fogy, 6es ofnegkm ha cbou tɵn, 6es omacehme, uto b stot we camɵu momeht ahfnmuckme m amepmkahckme boucka bɵcagetce bo 8pahymm.
B mae-mdhe 1942 f. hapkom mhoctpahhɵx gen CCCP B. Monotob cobepmmn bmsmt b Benmko6pmtahmd m CHA. Cpegm mpo6nem, kotopɵe 6ɵnm moghetɵ mpm o6cywgehmm, 6ɵnm teppmtopmanahɵe. ¶mckyccmm pasbephynmca othocmtenaho myhktob codshofo ahfno-cobetckofo gofobopa. Hemohmmahme, b uacthoctm, bos- hmkno mo cobetcko-monackou fpahmye. Monotob fotob 6ɵn gawe yctymmta b heko- topɵx acmektax, «octabmb bompoc o ham6onee shaumtenahou uactm samaghou co- betckou fpahmyɵ otkpɵtɵm». Ho k cofnamehmd mpmutm he yganoca [1]. B kohye kohyob, Monotob monyumn mhctpykymd ot Ctanmha cofnacmtace c mpegnowehm- emm 6pmtahckou ctopohɵ m mogmmcata mpoctou gofobop, 6es ykasahme 6ygyymx fpahmy. 24 mae Ctanmh coo6yan Monotoby b uohgoh: «Mpoekt gofobopa, mepe- gahhɵu te6e Hgehom, monyumnm. Mɵ efo he cumtaem myctou geknapaymeu m mpm- shaem, uto oh ebneetce bawhɵm gokymehtom. Tam het bompoca o 6esomachoctm fpahmy, ho sto, mowanyu, hemnoxo, tak kak y hac octadtce pykm cbo6oghɵmm. Bompoc o fpahmyax, mnm ckopee o fapahtmex 6esomachoctm hammx fpahmy ha tom mnm mhom yuactke hameu ctpahɵ, 6ygem pemata cmnou» [1].
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Hywho monafata, uto Ctanmh cumtan heo6xogmmɵm cocpegotoumtace ha pe- mehmm fnabhofo bompoca – ckopeumeu bɵcagkm codshmkob bo 8pahymm. B stot momeht monowehme ha cobetcko-fepmahckom Øpohte bhoba ctano kpmtmueckmm. Hmehho b stm ghm mnm kpobomponmthɵe cpawehme mog Xapakobom, m CCCP kak bosgyx heo6xogmmɵ 6ɵnm o6eyahme codshmkob o tom, uto btopou Øpoht ywe he sa fopamm.
Mocne uohgoha Monotob mocetmn Bammhftoh, fge oh haxogmnce c 29 mae mo 5 mdhe 1942 f. Pysbenat mowenan cosgata mepeg hmm «o6ctahobky takou nmu- hou mckpehhoctm m takofo gpywend6me, kakme tonako mofyt 6ɵta goctmfhytɵ c momoyad mepebogumka» [2]. B xoge mepefobopob o6cywganmca monmtmueckme mpo6nemɵ, ho bompoc o cosgahmm btopofo Øpohta b 1942 fogy octabance mpm-
opmtethɵm. Pysbenat xoten mpegctabmta Coegmhehhɵe Htatɵ kak hagewhofo codshmka CCCP he tonako b bouhe, ho m b mmphoe bpeme. Mpesmgeht takwe ctpe- mmnce, uto6ɵ Ctanmh he samogospmn CHA m Ahfnmd b «safobope» sa cmmhou CCCP [3]. Mo mhehmd mpoØeccopa B. Manakoba, Pysbenat b to bpeme 6ɵn, mpe- wge bcefo, osa6oueh gmnemmou – kak, ogepwab mo6egy hag Fmtnepom, «fapah- tmpobata nmgepctbo CHA b mocneboehhom mepeyctpouctbe» [4]. 3tm fapahtmm kacanmca monmtmueckmx m teppmtopmanahɵx mpo6nem, ctpatefmueckou 6esomacho- ctm, cØep feomonmtmueckmx mhtepecob. H bce sto mpomcxogmno tofga, kofga mepeg CCCP bhoba boshmkna yfposa okasatace ha kpad mpomactm m cobetckae ctopoha hactambana ha tom, uto6ɵ btopou Øpoht 6ɵn otkpɵt b camoe 6nmwaumee bpeme.
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Mo mtofam bmsmta Monotoba b Bammhftoh b cobetcko-amepmkahckom kommd- hmke ot 11 mdhe fobopmnoca o monhou gofobopehhoctm «b othomehmm heotnow- hɵx sagau cosgahme btopofo Øpohta b Ebpome b 1942 f.». Oghako Pysbenat cgenan sto mpewge bcefo, uto6ɵ o6hagewmta cobetckoe mpabmtenactbo, ho he cbesɵbata ce6e tbepgɵmm o6esatenactbamm. Tofo we camofo mhehme mpmgepwmbance m fep- umnna, kofga oh bhoba bctpetmnce c cobetckmm hapkomom bo bpeme bosbpayehme mocneghefo ha pogmhy. Pasbeska gmckyccmu o btopom Øpohte b 1942 f. hactymmna b abfycte. fepumnna, wenae nmuho ckasata, uto takou Øpoht hebosmoweh (a oh m he mmen wenahme efo otkpɵbata), mpmneten b Mockby. Hecmotpe ha to, uto Ctanmh mo goctomhctby oyehmn mpegctabnehhɵu emy mnah geuctbmu mo bɵcagke codshmkob b Cebephou AØpmke, pacmmpehmd bouhɵ b Cpegmsemhomopckom 6acceuhe m bɵbogy Htanmm ms bouhɵ, oh he sa6ɵban m fopakofo ocagka, octabnehhofo uohgohom m Bammhftohom cbomm otkasom bctymmta b pemadyme cpawehme ywe b 1942 f. 3to bpeme 6ɵno hamonheho gpamatmsmom, goxogeymm go mpegena. Bce bmceno ha bo- nocke, a Cobetckmu Cods 6ɵn bɵhywgeh mpaktmueckm ogmh mepenamɵbata bpawe- ckmu ctanahou monot. Co bpemehm o6eyahme btopofo Øpohta, gahhofo Pysbenatom bo bpeme bmsmta Monotoba b Bammhftoh b mdhe 1942 f., m go peanahou bɵcagkm b Hopmahgmm b mdhe 1944 f. ha cobetcko-fepmahckom Øpohte monefno 6esbosbpatho 6onee 5 mnh 6ouyob m komahgmpob Kpachou Apmmm. Ofpomhae uacta ms hmx mofm6- na mog Ctanmhfpagom m ha Kabkase. Bot yeha hemcmonhehhɵx o6eyahmu, pabho kak m heompabgahhɵx hagewg.
Hamm samaghɵe codshmkm, otkasɵbaeca otkpɵbata btopou Øpoht, tem he me- hee bhmmatenaho cnegmnm, uto mpomcxogmt y bopot Ctanmhfpaga m Kabkasa. bes comhehme, ohm mohmmanm, uto ot xoga 6oeb ha Boctouhom Øpohte sabmcmt he tonako cyga6a CCCP, ho m mx co6ctbehhae. bes Kpachou Apmmm ohm he mmenm hmkakmx mahcob ogepwata b o6ospmmou mepcmektmbe mo6egy hag fmtnepobckou Fepmahmeu.
Kak oyehmbanm boehhɵe b CHA bosmowhoctm cobetckmx boopywehhɵx cmn b cepegmhe 1942 foga? Hx goknagɵ bhoba, kak m b 1941 f., ctanm mpotmbopeum- bɵmm. B oghom ms coo6yehmu Vmpabnehme boehhou pasbegkm kohya mdhe 1942
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f. fobopmnoca o tom, uto 6es shaumtenahɵx moctabok boehhɵx matepmanob m yuactme b bouhe mepboknacchɵx uacteu ms CHA m Benmko6pmtahmm Cobetckmu
Cods okawetce he b coctoehmm msfhata bpaweckme uactm co cboeu teppmtopmm, he fobope ywe o6 otkpɵtmm 6oebɵx geuctbmu ha Tmxom okeahe [5].
Ouebmgho, amepmkahckme boehhɵe pasmɵmnenm c mx toukm spehme goctatou- ho paymohanaho. Oghako netom-ocehad 1942 f. ha cobetcko-fepmahckom Øpohte tonako paymohanahɵu pacuet he mof pemmta mcxog 6opa6ɵ. Cobetckme apmmm bhoba tepenm teppmtopmm, mofm6mmx congat, mmnnmohɵ ndgeu octabanmca mog okkymaymeu. Oghako cobetckme bomhɵ temepa shanm yehy bpafy m bepmnm b cbom bosmowhoctm. Ohm tbepgo mohmmanm – gne mo6egɵ heo6xogmma weneshae ctou- kocta m fotobhocta moutm ha nd6ɵe weptbɵ. Fnabhou sagaueu gne bceu ctpahɵ ctano bɵmfpata bpeme, mctoymta bpafa m pasbephyta co6ctbehhoe hactymnehme. Co cboeu ctopohɵ, hemeykoe komahgobahme b mepmog Ctanmhfpagckou 6mt-
bɵ takwe paccumtɵbano ha cbomx codshmkob. Kak msbectho, k hactymnehmd ha dwhom Ønahfe Øpohta 6ɵnm mpmbneuehɵ pymɵhckme, mtanaehckme, behfepckme boucka. bepnmh ben m aktmbhɵu sohgaw mosmymm Æmohmm – he co6mpaetce nm oha b 6nmwaumee bpeme bɵctymmta mpotmb CCCP. Monowehme ha cobetcko-fepmah- ckom Øpohte b stom othomehmm hemeykoe komahgobahme mɵtanoca mpegctabmta mepeg emohyamm b bɵfoghom gne ce6e cbete. O6 stmx mahebpax ctano msbectho cobetckou pasbegke.
Tak, hauanahmk Fnabhofo pasbegɵbatenahofo ympabnehme PKKA fehepan- mauop MahØmnob 19 abfycta 1942 f. coo6ymn Ctanmhy, uto emohckmu mocon b bepnmhe, fehepan Ocmma, mocetmn mo mpmfnamehmd fepmahckofo komahgobahme dwhɵu cektop Boctouhofo Øpohta. Ocmma, b uacthoctm, otmetmn, uto bepmaxt mnahmpyet b 6nmwaumee bpeme «pasfpommta apmmm Tmmomehko» ha dwhom yuactke Øpohta, satem saxbatmta Kabkas m Ctanmhfpag. B to we bpeme yehtpana- hae fpymma (ot Bangae go Kypcka) – gonwha 6ɵna ckobata cobetckyd apmmd, ho mpm mepe6pocke 6onammx cmn Kpachou Apmmm c yehtpanahofo yuactka ha df hauata hactymnehme ha Mockby [6; 7].
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Bmonhe mohetho, uto mpegctabmtenm fepmahckofo komahgobahme ctpemmnmca y6egmta emohckofo mocna Ocmmy, a uepes hefo m bɵcmee pykobogctbo Æmohmm, uto c Cobetckmm Codsom 6yget b 6nmwaumee bpeme mokohueho. Cmfhan 6ɵn echɵu – Æmohmm mopa bɵctymata mpotmb CCCP c boctoka, sawata efo b gbouhɵe kneym m tem camɵm pemmta cyga6y he tonako moxoga ha Poccmd, ho m bcefo mmpobofo kohØnmkta.
Ocehad 1942 f. 6om mnm ywe hemocpegctbehho b ctanmhfpagckmx kbapta- nax m ha mepebanax Kabkasa. Hekotopɵm boehhɵm m monmtmueckmm kpyfam sa- maghɵx codshmkob tofga mokasanoca, uto y CCCP octadtce nmma mpmspauhɵe mepcmektmbɵ bɵgepwata hatmck Fepmahmm. B oØmymanahɵx saebnehmex uohgoh m Bammhftoh he comhebanmca b mo6ege CCCP. Ho b peanahoctm cumtanm, uto mo- tepm Kpachou Apmmm mpebɵcmnm gomyctmmɵu ypobeha. Oghako k hoe6pd 1942 f., kofga hemyɵ sabesnm mog Ctanmhfpagom, oyehkm heckonako msmehmnmca. Pas- begcnyw6ɵ codshmkob ctanm bɵckasɵbata 6onee omtmmmctmuhɵe mpofhosɵ. B gokymehte, mogfotobnehhom Vmpabnehmem ctpatefmueckmx cnyw6 (VCC) 3 ho-
e6pe 1942 f., moguepkmbanoca, uto macmta6ɵ sbakyaymm, mpobegehhɵe b CCCP c hauana bouhɵ, 6ɵnm upesbɵuauho benmkm – kak mmhmmym, 6ɵno mepemeyeho 20 mnh uenobek, a octadymece y Poccmm tpygobɵe pecypcɵ bmonhe goctatouhɵ gne 6ɵctpofo pocta boehhofo mpomsbogctba – moutm 57 mnh uenobek [5]. Bo- ehhɵe pykobogmtenm CHA m Benmko6pmtahmm mpmhmmanm k cbegehmd gahhɵe cboeu pasbegkm o tom, uto monowehme Kpachou Apmmm moctemehho ynyumaetce. B mhØopmaymohhom goknage O6aegmhehhofo pasbegɵbatenahofo mogkommteta b uohgohe hauanahmkam mta6ob ahfno-amepmkahckmx codshmkob ot 14 hoe6pe 1942 f. ytbepwganoca, uto pycckme mofyt ygepwata sa co6ou Œwhɵu Kabkas b mepmog c hoe6pe 1942 mo ampena 1943 f., gawe ecnm hemyɵ okkymmpydt beca Cebephɵu Kabkas, bknduae Maxaukany. Moguepkmbanoca, uto «pycckme pac- monafadt goctatouhɵmm cmnamm, uto6ɵ bctpetmta fepmahckoe hactymnehme... Xapaktep teppmtopmm, mofoghɵe ycnobme takwe 6yget cmoco6ctbobata begehmd wectkou o6opohɵ». B gokymehte takwe fobopmnoca, uto «mopanahoe coctoehme Kpachou Apmmm ykpemmnoca». Amepmkahckme pasbegɵbatenahɵe ahanmtmkm ge- nanm saknduehme: «cobetckme boucka he gagyt hemyam mpopbatace uepes fnab- hɵu Kabkasckmu xpe6et mo kpauheu mepe go bechɵ 1943 foga...» [8].
Oghako hm komahgobahme bepmaxta, hm codshmkm he cmofnm monhoctad pac- moshata mmedymuce y Kpachou Apmmm motehyman gne ganaheumeu 6opa6ɵ. Oh bknduan b ce6e monmtmueckyd, boehhyd, mopanahyd coctabnedyme. Hauano cobetckofo kohtphactymnehme, kotopoe mpmbeno k okpywehmd 330-tɵceuhou fepmahckou fpymmmpobkm mog Ctanmhfpagom, a satem m k 6ɵctpomy msfhahmd hemyeb c Cebephofo Kabkasa, Ctabpomonae m Ky6ahm ctano mostomy gne hmx monhou heowmgahhoctad.
B ehbape 1943 f. Pysbenat, bɵctymae ha cobmecthom sacegahmm unehob Ma- natɵ mpegctabmteneu m Cehata moguepkhyn, uto «Camɵe 6onamme m camɵe sha- umtenahɵe msmehehme bo bceu ctpatefmueckou o6ctahobke mpomsomnm b 1942
f. ha fpomaghom cobetcko-fepmahckom Øpohte... O6aegmhehhɵe haymm mofyt m gonwhɵ octabatace o6aegmhehhɵmm m mocne bouhɵ gne moggepwahme mmpa mmpegotbpayehme hobɵx momɵtok co ctopohɵ Fepmahmm, Æmohmm, Htanmm, nm6o gpyfou kakou-nm6o haymm mogbepfhyta hacmnmd gecetyd samobega – «He mowe- nau goma 6nmwhefo tboefo» [9].
Pysbenat geuctbmtenaho hageence tofga ha coxpahehme gpywectbehhɵx ot- homehmu c Poccmeu. Oghako mocne ctanmhfpagckou mo6egɵ m ycmexob ahfno-ame- pmkahckmx bouck b Cebephou AØpmke mpesmgehta ctanm bonhobata bosmowhɵe 6ygyyme ocnowhehme b mewcodshmueckmx kohtaktax. Otbet ha bompoc, mouemy tak mpomsomno, uactmuho newmt b tom, uto Pysbenat eye hm pasy he bctpeuance c cobetckmm nmgepom, he pasfobapmban c hmm nmuho. Efo tpebowmnm omacehme, uto ha sakndumtenahom stame bouhɵ Poccme 6yget pykobogctbobatace co6ctbehhɵ- mm mhtepecamm, kotopɵe 6ygyt mpotmbopeumta monmtmke 3amaga. B okpywehmm Pysbenata 6ɵnm m oueha bnmetenahɵe cmnɵ, kotopɵe 6ɵnm mpotmb efo kypca ha c6nmwehme c Mockbou. 22 Øebpane 1943 f., msnafae mepeg mpegctabmtenemm Foc-
gemaptamehta cbou bsfneg ha mepcmektmbɵ cosgahme mmpobou cmctemɵ 6esomac- hoctm, Pysbenat, mo cbmgetenactby mpmcytctbobabmmx, 6ɵn «oueha o6ecmokoeh bompocom o Poccmm». Kohctatmpobanoca, uto «...c oghou ctopohɵ, mpesmgeht mpmgepwmbaetce mhehme, [uto]... Øaktmueckm beca mmp gonweh 6ɵta pasopyweh sa mcknduehmem Coegmhehhɵx Htatob, Benmko6pmtahmm, Poccmm m Kmtae. Ho, c gpyfou ctopohɵ, mpesmgeht c 6onamou moxbanou otsɵbaetce o mnahe bynnmta, ochobahhom ha hegobepmm k Cobetckomy Codsy, cofnacho kotopomy bce Ebpoma samaghee CCCP gonwha 6ɵta opfahmsobaha kak egmhɵu xopomo boopywehhɵu nafepa. Oh hyweh gne tofo, uto6ɵ mpotmboctoeta mpogbmwehmd Poccmm ha sa- mag. Mpesmgeht he shaet, uto genata c Poccmeu, m 6ecmokomtce sa 6ygyyee pas- bmtme co6ɵtmu…» [10].
bonee tofo, b hauane 1943 f. b Focgemaptamehte, Vmpabnehmm ctpatefmueckmx cnyw6 m gpyfmx focygapctbehhɵx m pasbegɵbatenahɵx begomctbax CHA pac- mpoctpahmnmca «mpegmonowehme», uto CCCP eko6ɵ mowet bɵutm ms boopyweh- hofo mpotmboctoehme c Fepmahmeu m sakndumta c heu cemapathɵu mmphɵu go- fobop. Hmkakmx mogtbepwgehmu mogo6hofo pasbmtme co6ɵtmu he 6ɵno, ho efo 6oenmca. Omacehme boshmkanm ms mpoctofo ahanmsa o6yeu cmtyaymm, kotopɵu cbmgetenactboban o cnegydyem: btopou Øpoht b Ebpome eye he otkpɵt, a CCCP hecet ofpomhɵe motepm b 6opa6e sa o6yee geno. B to we bpeme mnogamm mo6egɵ 6ygyt monasobatace samaghɵe codshmkm, kotopɵe he mohecnm 6onammx motepa m tonako ykpemmnm cbou boehhɵu motehyman. Mowho mpegmonowmta, uto he- kotopɵe ms mogo6hɵx oyehok, ympkynmpobabmme b Vmpabnehmm ctpatefmueckmx cnyw6, 6esycnobho, goctmfanm bhmmahme Pysbenata mo mpmumhe goctatouho 6nmskmx othomehmu V. ¶ohobaha (gmpektopa VCC) c amepmkahckmm mpesmgeh- tom [5]. C gpyfou ctopohɵ, b Vmpabnehmm ctpatefmueckmx cnyw6 CHA netom 1943 f. o6cywganmca bapmahtɵ cobepmehho mpotmbomonowhofo xapaktepa. B hmx, hampmmep, moguepkmbanaca bosmowhocta Kpachou Apmmm saxbatmta bcd Ebpomy, uto ctahet mponofom tpetaeu mmpobou bouhɵ [10].
Tem he mehee amepmkahckmu mpesmgeht goctatouho sgpabo oyehmban cmtya- ymd. Oh he mpmgepwmbance kpauhmx touek spehme ha bsammogeuctbme c CCCP, mpekpacho mohmmae, uto Poccme mocne Ctanmhfpaga sto ywe cobepmehho mhae cmna m heo6xogmmo yumtɵbata ee bnmehme ha mmpobɵe gena. Bo bpeme ymomehy- tofo bɵme bɵctymnehme mepeg mpegctabmtenemm Focgemaptamehta 22 Øebpane 1943 f. Pysbenat, b uacthoctm, saebmn, uto mocne bouhɵ «bce mmphɵe bompocɵ 6ygyt paspematace uetɵpame ctpahamm (uetɵpame benmkmmm gepwabamm)» – a mmehho: CHA, Benmko6pmtahmeu, CCCP m Kmtaem [11]. Mockba bmgenaca Pys- benaty bawheumeu mmpobou cmnou b mocneboehhɵu mepmog. B stou cbesm heo6- xogmmo 6ɵno yckopmta mpmfotobnehme k otkpɵtmd btopofo Øpohta. 3to hywho 6ɵno gne tofo, uto6ɵ, bo-mepbɵx, he octabatace mepeg nmyom Mockbɵ b ponm hebephɵx codshmkob, m, bo-btopɵx, uto6ɵ o6ecmeumta bnmehme CHA m Benm- ko6pmtahmm b knduebɵx pauohax Ebpomeuckofo kohtmhehta. H fnabhyd pona b tom, uto6ɵ bɵcagka bo 8pahymm hakohey coctoenaca, mfpan, koheuho, Pysbenat.
Kofga sakohumnaca Ctanmhfpagckae 6mtba, mpesmgeht CHA hasban ee smmue- ckou. B fpamote, kotopyd oh hampabmn b CCCP, 6ɵnm takme cnoba: «Ot mmehm hapoga Coegmhehhɵx Htatob Amepmkm e bpyuad sty fpamoty fopogy Ctanmh- fpagy, uto6ɵ otmetmta hame bocxmyehme efo go6necthɵmm saymthmkamm… Hx cnabhae mo6ega octahobmna bonhy hamectbme m ctana mobopothɵm myhktom bo- uhɵ codshɵx haymu mpotmb cmn afpeccmm». Kopona Benmko6pmtahmm mpmcnan Ctanmhfpagy gapctbehhɵu meu, ha knmhke kotopofo ha pycckom m ahfnmuckom esɵkax bɵfpabmpobaha hagmmca: «Fpawgaham Ctanmhfpaga, kpemkmm kak ctana, ot kopone Feopfa VI b shak fny6okofo bocxmyehme 6pmtahckofo hapoga». Cnobo
«Ctanmhfpag» ctano cmmbonom mo6egɵ m mogaema ha 6opa6y mpotmb saxbatum- kob mmnnmohob ndgeu.
Motepm Coegmhehhɵx Htatob m Benmko6pmtahmm bo Btopou mmpobou bouhe 6ɵnm hecpabhehho hmwe, uem y Cobetckofo Codsa. 3amaghɵe codshmkm fpamot- ho, c mx toukm spehme (ho mo cytm gena kopɵctho) bocmonasobanmca weptbehhou 6opa6ou cobetckofo hapoga sa cbod hesabmcmmocta m sa cbo6ogy gpyfmx ctpah.
¶euctbehhoe yuactme CHA b bouhe mpotmb haymctckou Fepmahmm, kofga mepe- nom b heu 6ɵn ywe goctmfhyt Kpachou Apmmeu, ctano bmonhe «mpmemnemɵm». Mo mhehmd hekotopɵx amepmkahckmx ahanmtmkob, motepm samaghɵx codshmkob temepa he fposmnm 6ɵta cnmmkom bɵcokmmm. B Bammhftohe m uohgohe k ha- uany 1943 f. ctanm othocmta CHA k tak hasɵbaemomy «apcehany gemokpatmm», moguepkmbae to, uto ohm moctabnedt ha Øpohtɵ cbomx m codshɵx bouck maccy boopywehme. Ho sto ctano bosmowhɵm tonako 6nafogape cobetcko-fepmahcko- my Øpohty, fge mna hempmmmpmmae 6opa6a ha mctoyehme mpotmbo6opctbydymx ctopoh. Amepmka m Ahfnme mohmmanm, uto mx co6ctbehhae bɵwmgatenahae mo- nmtmka b othomehmm btopofo Øpohta temepa ctahobmtce yyep6hou he tonako b mopanahom, ho m feomonmtmueckom mnahe, mostomy ohm ctanm c ygboehhou shep- fmeu fotobmta cbom boopywehhɵe cmnɵ k 6oebɵm geuctbmem ha Ebpomeuckom kohtmhehte, fge gonwha 6ɵna mpomsoutm bctpeua Kpachou Apmmm m bouck sa- maghɵx codshmkob.
KatactpoØa fepmahckou apmmm mog Ctanmhfpagom mmena fmfahtckme mo- cnegctbme. B bouhe mpomsomen kopehhou mepenom. Mmp ocoshan, uto afpecco- pɵ motepmenm Ømacko m mo6ega 6yget sa ctpahamm ahtmfmtnepobckou koanmymm. Mpotmbhmky 6ɵn haheceh cmeptenahɵu ygap ha tom Øpohte, fge 6ɵno cocpe- gotoueho 3/4 coegmhehmu bepmaxta. Motehyman Fepmahmm 6ɵn mogopbah. ¶ne cpabhehme ahfnmuahe m amepmkahyɵ takwe goctmfnm b sto bpeme bmeuatnedymx ycmexob b Cebephou AØpmke. Ho sto 6ɵn btopoctemehhɵu teatp bouhɵ. ¶a m macmta6ɵ 6ɵnm cobepmehho pasnmuhɵe: fepmahckme m mtanaehckme boucka mo- tepenm b 1942 f. b cpawehmm mog 3na-Anameuhom okono 30 tɵc. uen., uto he mof- no mgtm b cpabhehme c mocnegctbmemm pasfpoma bepmaxta Ctanmhfpagom.
Kak cnegctbme mo6egɵ ha 6epefax Bonfm ctano ctpemnehme Htanmm, Pymɵ- hmm, Behfpmm m 8mhnehgmm hauata momckm kohtaktob c codshmkamm, uto6ɵ mo- ckopee bɵutm ms fm6enahou gne hmx bouhɵ. Typyme m Æmohme mepecmotpenm
cbom mnahɵ otkpɵta 6oebɵe geuctbme mpotmb CCCP. Cobetckme ycmexm okasanm camoe hemocpegctbehhoe bnmehme ha mogaem gbmwehme Compotmbnehme b Ebpo- me m Asmm. Kak otmeuan msbecthɵu 6pmtahckmu mctopmk ¶w. 3pmkcoh: «Mo6ega mog Ctanmhfpagom, pa6otae kak moyhɵu peaktop, bosgeuctbobana ha bce mocne- gydyme co6ɵtme ha Boctouhom Øpohte m b yenom».
Npmmeuahme
1. Pwemebckmu O. A. Ctanmh m fepumnna. – M.: Hayka, 2004. – 562 c.
2. Cekpethae mepemmcka Pysbenata m fepumnne b mepmog bouhɵ / coct.: 8. uoysxeum, F. ushfnm. M. ¶wohac. – M.: Teppa, 1995. – 804 c.
3. Manakob B. u. 8. Pysbenat o mpo6neme 6esomachoctm b mocneboehhom mmpe. becegɵ b benom gome 29 mae 1942 f. // Hobae m hobeumae mctopme. – 2005. – ¼ 2. – C. 76–88.
4. Manakob B. u. Myta k mmmepctby: Amepmka b mepbou monobmhe XX beka. – M.: Hayka, 2004. – 608 c.
5. Leshuk L. US Intelligence Perceptions of Soviet Power, 1921–1946. – L.: Frank Cass, 2003. – 158–159 p.
6. ]ehtpanahɵu apxmb Mmhmctepctba o6opohɵ P8 (¶anee ]AMO P8). 8. 32. Om. 11309.
¶. 159. u. 47–50.
7. US. Library of Congress. M.D. «Volkogonov collection». Reel 5.
8. US. National Archives (Archive II, College Park, VA). RG 218. Entry CCS/JCS
«Geographical files». Box 214. Report by the Joint Intelligence Sub-Committee («The Capacity of the Soviet Forces to Defend South Caucasian»), November 14, 1942.
9. US. Library of Congress. Manuscript Division. W.A. Harriman Papers (¶anee: WAHP). Chronological file (ganee – CF). Cont. 163. Radio Bulletin N 6, Washington, D.C., January 7, 1943.
10. Wartime Washington: The Secret OSS Journal of James Grafton Rogers, 1942–1943. / Ed.
T. Troy. Frederick, Md: University Publ. of America, 1987. – 254 p.
11. US. National Archives (Archive II, College Park, VA). RG 59. Entry 498. Box 54. Department of State. Records of Harley A. Notter, 1939–1945, Talks with F.D.R.
AHAflE5 ME¶EKO-CAHETAPHOFO ObECNE1EHEª flAFEPEM
¶flª BOEHHONflEHHªX 6-M NOflEBOM APMEE BEPMAXTA, PA5ME]EHHªX
HA TEPPETOPEE CTAflEHFPA¶A E ObflACTE
Haceeun Maecun Anamonaebuu
Be6y4uu memo6ucm mytee-tanobe6nuea «Cmanunspa6ceae 6umba» nasekin.maks@mail.ru
yn. um. Mapnana Yyueoba, 47, 400005, s. Bonsospa6, Poccuuceae Øe6epaçue
Ahhotayme. B ctatae mogpo6ho mpoahanmsmpobaho Ømsmueckoe coctoehme boehhomnehhɵx 6-u monebou apmmm bepmaxta m boehhɵx Øopmmpobahmu co- dshmkob fmtnepobckou Fepmahmm, pasmeyehhɵx b nafepex ha teppmtopmm Cta- nmhfpaga m o6nactm. Cgenah bɵbog o mpmumhax bɵcokou cmepthoctm cpegm hmx. Coo6yaetce o mepax, mpegmpmhetɵx Vmpabnehmem mo genam boehhomnehhɵx m mhtephmpobahhɵx HKB¶ m Hapkomsgpabom CCCP, mo ynyumehmd cahmtaphofo coctoehme nafepeu, a takwe megmymhckofo o6cnywmbahme m mmtahme boehho- mnehhɵx.
Knduebɵe cnoba: boehhomnehhɵe, megmymhckoe o6cnywmbahme, gmctpo- Øme, smmgemmm.
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