BATTLE OF STALINGRAD – FACTS AND INTERPRETATION
Mihailov Kamen Vasilev
Doctor of philology
Professor of Eötvös Loránd University in Budapest (Hungary) kmihajlov@abv.bg
Egyetem ter 1-3, 1053, Budapest, Hungary
Abstract. The article is devoted to the problems of the account of the Battle of Stalingrad events by the Bulgarian official media in 1942-1943. The author warns modern Western politicians on any repeating of Goebbels’ doctrines and using them for solving actual global problems.
Key words: Bulgarian media, Western Front, Bulgarian Communist Party.
bonfapme ebneetce tou yhmkanahou ctpahou, kotopae yuactbobana b gbyx Øa- sax Btopou mmpobou bouhɵ. B mepbou – kak codshmk m catennmt fmtnepobckou Fepmahmm; bo btopou – kak ee mpotmbhmk.
Mpmhmmae yuactme b mepbou Øase, hm ogmh 6onfapckmu congat he cpawance ha Boctouhom Øpohte.
Mosbonmb mpmhetme haymctckofo sakohogatenactba, b uacthoctm – pacmct- ckofo 3akoha o saymte haymm – 6onfapckoe o6yectbo he paspemmno gemoptaymd cbomx ebpeeb.
Cpawaeca mpotmb fpymmɵ apmmu «E» (umcnehhoctad okono 350 000 uenobek) m okkymaymohhofo hemeykofo kopmyca b Œfocnabmm (umcnehhoctad okono 800 000 uenobek), 6onfapckme 1, 2, 3-e m 4-e apmmm (umcnehhoctad okono 450 000
uenobek) motepenm 17 492 uenobeka y6mtɵmm m ymepmmmm m 22 958 – pahehɵmm. Hs-sa katefopmueckofo hecofnacme fepumnne bknag bonfapmm b pasfpom hemeykmx okkymahtob he 6ɵn mpmshah ctatycom «coboddyee focygapctbo». Tem he mehee oh mocnywmn apfymehtom gne cobetckou genefaymm m nmuho gne HocmØa Ctanmha, kotopɵu he mosbonmn yyemnehme teppmtopmanahou yenocthoctm ctpahɵ. Komah- gydymu Mepbou 6onfapckou apmmeu fehepan Bnagmmmp Ctouueb egmhctbehhɵm cpegm mhoctpahyeb 6ɵn mpmfnameh gne yuactme b Mapage Mo6egɵ 24 mdhe 1945 f. bonfapme – egmhctbehhae ctpaha-catennmt fmtnepobckou Fepmahmm, b kotopou pasbephynoca ahtmØammctckoe gbmwehme. Oho mpoxogmno b camɵx tewenɵx ycno- bmex: 6es bcekou bhemheu momoym, 6es opywme, 6es boehhou ctpyktypɵ. Opfahm- sobahhoe bonfapckou pa6oueu maptmeu (kommyhmctɵ) ahtmØammctckoe gbmwehme hauanoca 24 mdhe 1941 f. m coctoeno ms: 1 maptmsahckou gmbmsmm, 9 6pmfag, 36 otpegob, 17 otgenahɵx mogpasgenehmu (uetɵ) m heckonakmx coteh 6oebɵx fpymm (k nety 1944 f.). Mo gahhɵm hemeykou pasbegkm g-pa ¶enmyca, maptmsahɵ m mog- monaymkm b bonfapmm hacumtɵbanm 7 000 uenobek b 1943-m m 18 000 – b 1944 fogy. Moutm kawgɵu ms maptmsahckmx otpegob motepmen mopawehme smmou 1943 foga. bonfapckae monmyme mctesana apectobahhɵx go cmeptm, bknduae ms6mehme mo «hayuhɵm cmctemam», otpesahme uactm tena, cwmfahme wmbaem. bonamae uacta cobpemehhɵx 6onfapckmx «gemokpatmueckmx» monmtmkob – mpemɵe bɵxogyɵ ms Øammctckmx cemeu, uam pogmtenm 6ɵnm kashehɵ mnm ocywgehɵ sa Øammctckyd geetenahocta Hapoghɵm cygom (geka6pa 1944 – ampena 1945 f.) Mostomy ohm bep- hynm mmeha ynmy, hasɵbabmmxce b uecta Øammctckmx geeteneu, bosgbmfnm mamet- hmkm, ha kotopɵx ctoet mmeha fonobopesob m y6muy ahtmØammctob. He mpmshadt fpawgahckyd bouhy, kotopyd beno Øammctckoe mpabmtenactbo mpotmb co6ctbeh- hofo hapoga, hasɵbae camo gbmwehme «teppopmctmueckmm» mog ympabnehmem
|
|
|
«gnmhhou pykm Mockbɵ», katefopmueckm otbepfadt mctopmueckmu Øakt, uto bon- fapme 6ɵna Øammctckmm focygapctbom. Hakohey, e mpmbegy heckonako gahhɵx mo stomy gbmwehmd sa mepmog 1941–1944 f.: apectobaho m pempeccmpobaho – 64 345 uenobek; monmtsaknduehhɵe m kohynafepmctɵ – 31 253; maptmsahɵ, y6mtɵe b cpawehmex, – 9 143; y6mtɵe mogco6hmkm (etaym) – 20 070; cowwehhɵe goma – 2
137. Bce bɵmeckasahhoe heo6xogmmo shata mpm oyehke cobpemehhɵx mosmymu, kotopɵe mpmhmmadt 6onfapckme CMH, monmtmkm m mctopmkm mo othomehmd ko Btopou mmpobou bouhe m k Ctanmhfpagckou 6mtbe.
Ceuuac e mepexowy k bompocy o tom, kak ocbeyanaca Ctanmhfpagckae 6mtba b
msgatenackou «mmmepmm» Atahaca ¶amehoba; ee fnabhɵu pegaktop Ctoeh Taheb ocywgeh Hapoghɵm cygom sa Øammctckyd geetenahocta ha mowmshehhɵu cpok.
B fasete «3opa» meuataetce cboeo6pashɵu ghebhmk 6oebɵx geuctbmu ha Boctouhom Øpohte, kotopɵu coo6yaet o «benmkmx fepmahckmx mo6egax»; ma- pannenaho pacckasɵbaetce o hobɵx m hobɵx motepex ahfnmuah b AØpmke (mog 3na-Anameuhom). beckpmtmuhocta b coo6yehmex m maØochɵe xapaktepmsmpy- dyme smmtetɵ he gadt umtatend comhebatace, uto Hobɵu mopegok b Ebpome hactymaet 6ecmobopotho. Tyt tpygho fobopmta o «heckpɵtou cmmmatmm» fnab- hofo pegaktopa, ouebmgho, peua mouget o nmuhom mpmctpactmm, o monhou otgaue mmmyyefo haymctckmm mgeem. Mɵcna, uto «ymbmnmsobahhɵu mmp egmh», pac- kpɵbaetce coo6yehmemm o bknage codshɵx focygapctb b o6yyd 6opa6y mpotmb
|
|
|
«ahfno-cakcohckofo kammtanmsma» m «hecmpabegnmbofo ctapofo mopegka», kak m mpotmb «bapbapckofo wmgo-6onamebmsma». Tak, hampmmep, b tom we homepe (ot 3 mdne 1942 f.) umtaem: «Hobɵe behfepckme boucka otmpabmnmca ha Boctouhɵu Øpoht»3 . B cnegydyem homepe – ywe mhØopmmpyetce o6 yuactmm Cnobakmm b o6yeu 6opa6e. ¶aname mgyt Xopbatme m uatbme.
«Xmgo-6onamebmsm» – stmm knmme b copokobɵe fogɵ o6oshauance «tpetmu Øpoht», kyga hampabnedtce ycmnme apmuckou pacɵ. (Hhtepecho, uto bpafm mc- kanmca he tonako b pegax Kpachou Apmmm m cobetckofo hacenehme, a mobcdgy!) Bceo6yee omepsehme mpotmb «hmsmmx cyyectb» apfymehtmpyetce othomehmem k ebpeem ha pashɵx (mpabga – okkymmpobahhɵx) teppmtopmex, hamp. – 8pahyme:
«Xyphanmctɵ-ebpem mpmfnamehɵ mpekpatmta cbod geetenahocta» («Vtpo», ho- mep ot 3 mdne 1942 f., c. 2). Boo6ye hywho ckasata, uto ahtmcemmtckae mpoma- fahga pasbopaumbaetce mapannenaho c mhØopmaymeu o boehhɵx ycmexax bepmax- ta m heycmexax ahfnmuah4 . C ¼ 6953/29 abfycta 1942 f. haumhaetce pefynephae mhØopmayme o hobɵx ykasax, ofpahmumbadymx mpaba ebpeeb b bonfapmm, – cha- uana sahmmata focygapctbehhɵe gonwhoctm, motom boo6ye pa6otata, bɵxogmta ha ynmyy, yumtace b cpeghmx mkonax, monasobatace cbommm 6ahkobckmmm cue- tamm. ¶aname, mo 3akohy o saymte haymm, ebpeem fposmno bɵcenehme ms fo- pogob, mo6mnmsayme b tpygobɵe nafepe, nmmehme hegbmwmmofo m gbmwmmofo mmyyectba (yehhocteu – gehef m gpafmetannob). 3geca ymectho ckasata, uto
«6onfapckme» ebpem pagmkanaho otnmuanmca mo cboemy mobegehmd ot ebpeeb b gpyfmx focygapctbax, o6ɵuho otkasɵbabmmxce yuactbobata b boopywehhom co- mpotmbnehmm – y hac ohm cpawanmca b maptmsahckmx otpegax, b 6oebɵx fpymmax.
6onfapckou mpecce b 1942–1943 ff. Æ octahobndca ha gbyx ms oØmymoshɵx 6onfap-
|
|
|
ckmx faset – «3opa» m «Vtpo», xote o6e camoompegenedtce kak «hesabmcmmɵe». Mepbae – msgahme akymohephofo o6yectba «bonfapckae mpecca» («banfapckm me- uat») mog pegakymeu ¶ahamna Kpamueba1 m CteØaha fampammkoba2 . Btopae –
 |
1 Mpohemeykm hactpoehhɵu wyphanmct. Apectobah m y6mt 10 cehte6pe 1944 f. b Bepxheu
¶wymae (Fopha ¶wymae). Mocmeptho ocywgeh Hapoghɵm cygom.
2 ¶mmnomat, cekpetapa yape 8epgmhahga Cakcko6ypffotckofo; kpymheummu kymey ta6aka, ysko cbeah c hemeyko-Øammctkmm kammtanom. Mokohumn co6ou b f. Kɵpgwanm mocne 9-fo cehte6pe 1944 f.
3 «Cefoghe ytpom b Kace coctoenoca topwectbehhoe otmpabnehme behfepckou bouckobou uactm ha Boctouhɵu Øpoht. C heu yeswaet m cɵh mmhmctp-mpegcegatene f-ha ¶e Kanae. B cbo- em bɵctymnehmm behfepckmu mmhmctp-mpegcegatena moguepkhyn, uto behfepckme boucka 6ygyt sa- ymyata, cobmectho c hemeykmmm, mtanaehckmmm m c octanahɵmm codshɵmm bouckamm, Kapmatɵ m Kapmatckmu 6acceuh. «Eye bɵ 6ygete saymyata, – go6abmn mmhmctp-mpegcegatena ctpahɵ, - m mged Cb. CteØaha, kotopɵu 1 000 net hasag o6aebnen o pabehctbe mpab kawgofo hapoga b cboeu ctpahe.
¶abaute cnegobata m cefoghe stomy mpmhymmy b gyxe hobɵx bpemeh!»/c. 7/.
4 «Monhɵu mpoban ahfnmuckoo gecahta y ¶mema» («Vtpo», ¼ 6946/21 abf. 1942 f., c. 3).
B pacmctcko-Øammctckom cmmcke (cm. ha caute https://alterinformation.wordpress. com/2013/05/25/909235777/) shauatce 64 msbecthɵx 6onfapckmx ebpee, mofm6- mmx mpm ctonkhobehmm c monmymeu m wahgapmepmeu. Hywho go6abmta, uto sto ganeko he bce mofm6mme ebpem-ahtmØammctɵ, tem 6onee he bce, mpmhmmabmme yuactme b 6opa6e mpotmb 6onfapckofo ahtmhapoghofo mpabmtenactba m efo cmno- bofo ammapata.
Ecnm bcmotpetace b ctpyktypy fasethɵx my6nmkaymu, to uetko mowho bɵ- genmta cnegydyyd mogena: a) fepmahckme boucka mtypmydt X; 6) fepmahckme boucka okpywadt; b) fepmahckme boucka bxoget b X; f) fepmahckme boucka sa- umyadt X; g) fepmahckme boucka mpecnegydt 6onamebmkob ganame. Vkasahhae fpagayme o6ɵuho sakahumbaetce o6o6yehmem: «Mnehhmkob m go6ɵuy tpygho mogcumtata»5 . umctae homepa sa 1941 m 1942 fog, e hm pasy he bctpeuan co- o6yehme o6 ymophɵx cpawehmex, o kohtpatakax Kpachou Apmmm, o haceneh- hɵx myhktax, mepexogeymx heckonako pas ms pyk b pykm. Xote bhmmatenahɵu umtatena mowet o6hapywmta mewgy ctpoukamm mpabgy o 6oebɵx geuctbmex. 3hamehatenahɵu Øakt ecta b homepe 6904/3 mdne 1942 f. Mo mobogy 1-u fogob- ymhɵ hauana bouhɵ faseta my6nmkyet cmpabky o hemeykmx motepex (mo FTA): 271 612 oØmyepob, yhtep-Ømyepob m congat 6. Cefoghe cmopɵ o motepex mpo- gonwadtce c hesatmxadyeu cmnou, abtopɵ ccɵnadtce ha pashɵe metogmkm, ha omm6km m cmeymØmky ctatmctmueckmx yuetob. B mtofe – ecta hemeykme, amepm- kahckme, cobetckme, poccmuckme mccnegobahme. Æ nmma gne mpmmepa mpmbegy sgeca ymØpɵ A. Hbahoba («Cpabhehme cobetckmx m hemeykmx motepa bo Btopou mmpobou bouhe», ta6n. 8 – «3akndumtenahoe cpabhehme»; goctymho ha caute https://sputnikipogrom.com/mustread/1267/sovietlosses/): 270 000 y6mtɵx hemyeb go kohya geka6pe 1941 f. ¶o mdhe 1942 foga bkndumtenaho 6esbosbpathɵe mo- tepm bepmaxta ms bcex pogob bouck coctabnedt 367 400 uenobek. Ckpɵbana nm peanahoe umcno motepa mhØopmayme, mepegahhae fepmahckomy tenefpaØhomy afehtctby begomctbom MoseØa Fe66enaca? Tpygho ckasata. Motmbayme mpoma- fahgɵ, hecomhehho, mpotmbopeumbae. C oghou ctopohɵ, heo6xogmmo sahmsmta geuctbmtenahɵe motepm, gokasɵbae mpebocxogctbo fepmahckofo opywme m boeh- hofo fehme; c gpyfou ctopohɵ, hago moctabmta akyeht ha wectokme 6om m takmm o6pasom mobɵcmta fepmahckme sacnyfm m weptbɵ mepeg Ebpomou. Tak mnm mhaue
|
|
|
– sto umcno 6ɵno msbectho b to bpeme m moggepwmbadymm hemeykofo afpecco- pa, m hehabmgeymm efo. Ogho hecomhehho – cbegehme o motepex ha Boctouhom
| |
5 Hmehho takoe cnobo ymotpe6neetce ¶. Kpamuebɵm – «go6ɵua», bmecto «tpoØem».
6 «Mocne fogobɵx tewenɵx, ho mo6egohochɵx cpawehmu mpotmb CCCP, bepxobhoe komah- gobahme fepmahckmx boopywehɵx cmn coo6yaet, uto c 22 mdhe 1941 foga mo 21 mdhe 1942 foga 271 612 oØmyepob, yhtepoØmyepob m congat fepmahckmx boopywehɵx cmn manm ha mone 6oe ha Boc- touhom Øpohte, bɵmonhee bepho cbou gonf. fmcno mpomabmmx 6es bectm hacumtɵbaet 65 730 sa
Øpohte he bknduadt coctoehme codshɵx bouckobɵx uacteu. Camoe fnabhoe b boehhɵx koppecmohgehymex m mhØopmaymex – sto mpegctabnehhɵe ha ctpahm- yax fasetɵ «3opa» ØotofpaØmm, sammctbobahhɵe y hemeykou mpecc-cnyw6ɵ, ha kotopɵx mowho bmgeta ynɵ6adymece nmya mo6ewgadymx apmuyeb. Het gawe hameka ha paspymehhɵe fopoga, cfopebmme ms6ɵ, mokaneuehhɵe cyga6ɵ, cothm tɵceu mofm6mmx mmphɵx ndgeu. V umtatene gonwho cnowmtace mpegctabnehme o bouhe-mpofynke, o hecehmm ymbmnmsaymm b bapbapckyd ctpahy «hegouenobe- kob». Bmpouem, bɵ, hagedca, he sa6ɵnm, o tou bouhe, kotopae benaca b camou bonfapmm, – towe goctatouho wectokou m kpobabou. O heu, kctatm, towe het hmkakmx cbegehmu.
Mepboe coo6yehme o Ctanmhfpage omy6nmkobaho b homepe 6921/23 mdne 1942 f., c. 1. 3to mocne coo6yehmu o Cebactomone, Poctobe, Xapakobe m Kypcke m o «mpecnegobahmm octatkob 6onamebmkob sa ¶ohom». B mhØopmaymm moguepkm- baetce, uto fnabhae tpebofa Mockbɵ kacaetce he Poctoba (cobcem ckopo oh oka- wetce b fepmahckmx pykax), a Ctanmhfpaga: «Mo uacthɵm cbegehmem Œhauteg mpecc, Ctanmh nmuho haxogmnce b hem, mhcmektmpye mocneghme nmhmm o6opohɵ, moctpoehhɵe smmou mepeg fopogom. Mpmcytctbme Ctanmha cbesɵbaetce takwe c mocneghmmm pacmopewehmemm o6 opfahmsaymm hobou o6opohɵ Kabkasa. Fnabho- komahgydymm hashaueh mapman Bopommnob, mocneghmu ac, kotopofo Ctanmh xouet mcmonasobata gne saymtɵ cboefo mecta powgehme – Fopm». B cnegydyem homepe – ot 24 mdne, c. 1 – ywe fobopmtce, uto Poctob m Ctanmhfpag bsetɵ, boucka 6efyt, uactm mapmana Tmmomehko b mahmke: «Hackonako monowehme Ctanmhfpaga kpmtmueckoe, mowho cygmta mo tomy, uto hecmotpe ha ybepehme Ctanmha o saymte fopoga nd6ou yehou, ceuuac mpobogetce kpymhomacmta6hɵe mepompmetme gne sbakyaymm fopoga, he tonako fpawgahckofo hacenehme».
Kak 6ɵno ywe ckasaho, mapannenaho my6nmkyetce mhØopmayme o tom, uto cbɵme 3 mnh tohh fpysob ha amepmkahckmx m ahfnmuckmx kopa6nex motomneho, a fepmahckme kohctpyktopɵ cosganm hobɵe o6pasyɵ camonetob – 8oke BynaØ 190, ¶ophae 217, Xeuhkena 177, ywe mpm6ɵbadyme b boehhɵe uactm.
Ochobhɵe momehtɵ ocbeyehme 6mtbɵ sa Ctanmhfpag cnegydyme: cbesa cKabkasom mpepbaha, 6onamebmkm octadtce 6es cha6wehme (6923/28 mdne 1942,
c. 1); Ctanmh mpmshan gemopanmsaymd b Kpachou Apmmm – kommehtmpyetce mpm- kas 227/28 mdne 1942 f. (6936/9 abf. 1942, c. 1–2)7 ; gne Œwhofo 6onamebmct- ckofo Øpohta hactymaet hauano kohya (6938/12 abf. 1942, c. 1); mepbae o6opohm- tenahae nmhme Ctanmhfpaga mpopbaha (6940/14 abf. 1942, c. 1); cyga6a cobetckmx ndgeu pemmtce b Ctanmhfpage, tak kak mapman Tmmomehko 6pocmn tyga bce cbom cmnɵ (6942/16 abf. 1942, c. 1); mocneghme ghm Ctanmhfpaga, w. g. nmhme saxbaueha (6949/25 abf. 1942, c. 1); mocneghme o6opohmtenahɵe ycmnme 6oname- bmkob (6950/26 abf. 1942, c. 1); cmnɵ 6onamebmkob pasfpomnehɵ, mpopbahɵ fo- pogckme ykpemnehme (6952/28 abf. 1942, c.1). H bot c stofo momehta mpomafahga
tot we mepmog... Konmuectbo weptb mokasɵbaet tewecta tou omachoctm, kotopae bmcena hag Ebpo-
mou. Bce te, mabmme sa Fepmahmd, o6ecmeumnm hamy mo6egy – 6ygyyeu Fepmahmm, a takwe cbo6ogy Ebpomɵ»/c. 7/.
7 Tekct stofo mpmkasa xopomo msbecteh, tak uto he 6ygy mpmbogmt efo mo my6nmkaymm b fasete «3opa».
fasetɵ «3opa» haumhaet 6ykcobata. ¶o kohya abfycta m beca cehte6pa coo6ye- hme tbepget ogho m to we: «Bot-bot, m Ctanmhfpag pyxhet». Ho fopog he magaet. Ommcahhae bɵme mogena mhØopmaymm tomuetce ha mecte, mpemo-takm pymmtce. Hmkak he moebnedtce myhktɵ «f» m «g»: fepmahckme boucka saumyadt Ctanmh- fpag m fepmahckme boucka mpecnegydt octatkm 6onamebmkob ganame.
B cepegmhe cehte6pe moebnedtce hobɵe akyehtɵ b mhØopmaymm o Ctanmh- fpagckom cpawehmm. Mepbɵu ms hmx – sto 6eccmɵcnehhoe m cbepxwectokoe co- mpotmbnehme8 . Hampmmep, b homepe 6074/24 ceht. 1942, c. 1 coo6yaetce, uto Ctanmh nmuho mpmkasan bosbogmta 6appmkagɵ ms uenobeueckmx ten. Hemeykme boucka bɵhywgehɵ hactymata b ycnobmex hebosmowhou wapɵ m ygymnmbou bohm. O6pas «ndgoega» hampemyd cbesɵbaetce c o6pasom «hegouenobekob» – pycckmx. Hmkak he o6aecheetce, kak cbesaha kohyemyme o hecehmm ymbmnmsaymm
«hecuacthɵm» pycckmm ndgem c kohyemymeu, uto mo cyyectby sto «hendgm», m b mnahax Fmtnepa octabmta b wmbɵx tonako 30 mpoyehtob bcefo hacenehme stou ctpahɵ b kauectbe pa6ob. Mpmuem «ctanmhfpagckme» coo6yehme mepemnm c mep- bou ctpahmyɵ ha tpetad. Btopou akyeht – cmeha boehhou taktmkm. Vtouheetce, uto ywe 6opa6a begetce aptmnnepmeu m 6om6apgmpobymkamm9 ; fepmahckmu bo- ehhɵu fehmu mpeogonebaet hemofogy m teweneumme ycnobme. (Koheuho, hemofo- ga m ycnobme memadt tonako bepmaxty!) Hakohey, c 10 hoe6pe tema Ctanmhfpa- ga mpepɵbaetce, ctahobmtce, ouebmgho, hemhtepechou, mcuepmahhou. Fnabhɵu pegaktop haumhaet mogpo6ho ommcɵbata cpawehme b AØpmke, b Atnahtmueckom okeahe, tam, fge fepmahckme boucka mokasɵbadt uygeca xpa6poctm m topwectby- dt hag mpotmbhmkom. Otmeuadtce shakobɵe moctymkm: «Kammtah Fpof c fopc- tad anammhmctob-xpa6peyob bsen camyd bɵcokyd bepmmhy Kabkasa» (6969/17 cehte6pe 1942, c. 6).
C ehbape 1943 f. moebneetce hobɵu akyeht – «bepnmh cmotpmt c monhɵm xnaghokpobmem ha co6ɵtme b Ctanmhfpage» (10030/16 ehbape 1943, c. 3). Ha- mpemyd bhymaetce mɵcna, uto cmtyayme mog monhɵm kohtponem: cmokouho m ymeno fepmahckoe komahgobahme pacuneheet cobetckoe hactymnehme, uto6ɵ yhmutowmta mo uactem. Hemcmonasobahhɵm gohɵhe momehtom ebneetce ymotpe- 6nehme moguepkmbadymx mpmØtob – paspegkm: takme Øpasɵ kak «f e p o m u e c k a e saymta» (hemyeb), «m h o f o k p a t h o m p e b ɵ m a d y m e motepm co- betob», «m h o f o u m c n e h h ɵ u hempmetena». Boo6ye, mccnegobahme fasethou ctmnmctmkm goctatouho mhtepecho. Mowho bcmomhmta Øpahyysckyd mpeccy mpm 6efctbe Hamoneoha c octpoba 3na6ɵ m bɵcagkm ha kohtmhehtanahɵu 6epef. Tofga mepboe coo6yehme sbyuano: «Kopcmkahckoe uygobmye ctymmno ha Øpah- yysckyd semnd», a mocneghee: «Bephɵu Mapmw c hetepmehmem owmgaet Efo
| |
8 ¼ 7022/19 he6pe 942, c. 3: «¶ba cobetckmx hamagehme ha cebephom m dwhom yuactkax monhoctad mpobanmnmca. Ohm hecyt tonako ofpomhɵe motepm gne 6onamebmkob»; ¼ 7050/22 gek. 1942, c. 1: «bonamebmctkme hamagehme hecyt tonako motepm».
9 Kak msbectho ms memyapob mapmana Pokocobckofo «Congatckmu gonf», 6nmsocta cobet- ckou m hemeykou 6oebɵx nmhmu cgenano hebosmowhɵm mcmonasobahme 6om6apgmpobouhou abmaymm.
Hmmepatopckoe Benmuectbo». Pasymeetce, fe66enacobckme metogɵ mpomafahgɵ he gomyctmnm 6ɵ hmkofga takofo kpytofo mobopota, ho bce-takm tpebowhɵu bo- mpoc «Kto mo6egmt?» mposbyuan eye 22 geka6pe 1942 f., a mpehe6pewmtenahoe
«6onamebmkm» (ha 6onfapckom esɵke Øopma cyfy6o hefatmbhae – «6onmebmym») motmxohaky sameheetce 6onee heutpanahɵm cnobom «cobetɵ». bes kakmx-nm6o pasaechehmu safonobkm ctateu kpyto mehedtce – o6opohetace ceuuac okasɵba- etce ygenom «mo6egohochɵx fepmahckmx bouck». Bmeuatnedymu safonobok –
«Hm ogha mmpobae cmna, kpome Fepmahmm, he ygepwana 6ɵ cobetckyd nabmhy!» (10038/26 ehbape 1943, c. 3)
Ceuuac mpmmno bpeme hametmta kopotko pasfpom apmmm Mayndca. Fnabhou temou ebneetce ytbepwgehme, uto Ctanmhfpag – o6yeebpomeuckae sa6ota m gonf, Boctouhɵu Øpoht – o6yae yena gne bceu 3amaghou ymbmnmsaymm! Mapannenaho c heu mget fepomsayme compotmbnehme bepmaxta m codshɵx bouck: «Fepmahckme saymthmkm Ctanmhfpaga hammcanm cnabheumyd boehhyd smomed» (10040/26 ehbape 1943, c. 3); «Octpob fepoeb. Ctanmhfpag mpogonwaet cboe 6eccmepthoe compotmbnehme» (10041/27 ehbape 1943, c. 3). (Kctatm, mo mobogy «octpoba» – tak m he mposbyuana mhØopmayme o6 okpywehmm 6-u apmmm!). Kohey Ømkcmpyet- ce b ¼ 10045/4 Øebpane 1943: «Fepomueckae m smmueckae 6opa6a sa Ctanmhfpag sakohueha. Bephae cboeu mpmcefe 6-e apmme, mog 6esympeuhɵm komahgobahmem mapmana Mayndca, 6ɵna mobepweha ms-sa umcnehhofo mpebocxogctba mpotmb- hmka m he6nafompmethɵx gne hee ycnobmu»10 . Pegakymohhɵu kommehtapmu k stomy, uto weptba he hampacha, tak kak fepmahckoe komahgobahme monyumno bos- mowhocta mpmheta heo6xogmmɵe mepɵ.
Xote 6mtba sa msnyumhy ¶oha m sa Ctanmhfpag haumhaetce c cepegmhɵ mdne, faseta «Vtpo» m ee fnabhɵu pegaktop CteØah Taheb ctanm ocbeyata co6ɵtme uyta moswe. Bawhɵm mpegmcnobmem k hmm ebneetce mpoknamayme Ødpepa k fepmahckomy hapogy (9919/1 cehte6pe 1942, c. 1). B heu fobopmtce, uto 6opa6a mpotmb 6onamebmsma m mnytokpatmm mpogonwaetce m tpe6yet hobɵe weptbɵ he tonako ha Øpohte. Tɵn towe gonweh bɵmonhmta cbou gonf – o6aebneetce c6op bonahɵx moweptbobahmu «ha smmhdd kammahmd mpotmb 6onamebmctckofo bap- bapmsma m ahfno-cakcohckou m kammtanmctmueckou skcmnyataymm... Mewgyha- poghoe mmpoboe ebpeuctbo pykobogmt 6onamebmsmom m mnytokpatmeu he tonako c yenad yhmutowehme ymbmnmsobahhɵx ebpomeuckmx gepwab, ho mpewge bcefo – c yenad yhmutowmta bcex tex, kto monasyetce hesabmcmmɵm cyyectbobahmem». Kak mowho sametmta, pmtopmka cosgaet bmeuatnehme, uto Tpetmu peux ebneetce he kammtanmctmueckmm focygapctbom, a kakmm-hm6yga gpyfmm. Ogha ms knac- cmueckmx mmmepmanmctmueckmx bouh gne Tpouhofo codsa – Btopae mmpobae
– mpegctabneha kak 6mtba sa ocbo6owgehme uenobeuectba ot skcmnyataymm, ot mnytokpatmm, ot koppymymm mpabmtenactb, pykobogmmɵx mmpobɵm ebpeuctbom. Kohyemyme mpmgymaha nmuho goktopom Fe66enacom m samyyeha bceu mpomafah-
 |
10 O tom, uto congatɵ m komahgobahme cganoca – hm cnoba. Mo Fe66enacobɵm mpabmnam ymanumbahme – ogho ms aktmbhɵx cpegctb mpomafhagɵ.
gmctckou mammhou efo mmhmctepctba. Knduebɵe cnoba b heu – samaghae ym- bmnmsayme, hesabmcmmocta hapogob, wmshehhoe mpoctpahctbo, 6onamebmctckoe bapbapctbo, hobɵu mopegok. Hctopme oghoshauho mokasana, uto ckpɵbaetce sa hmmm – pacmctckoe tmpahmueckoe mpabnehme (kohynafepe, maccoboe yhmutowe- hme, bonha bouh, paspymehme kynatyphɵx goctmwehmu uenobeuectba), ctpem- nehme k mepepacmpegenehmd konohmu, bbegehme hactoeyeu pa6ckou cmctemɵ (hemonhoyehhɵe hapogɵ). Ecnm e octahabnmbadca ha goctatouho msbecthou mge- onofmueckou cmcteme haymsma, to nmma gne tofo, uto6ɵ mokasata ee 6ykbanahoe, a he bapmahthoe, mobtopehme b cefoghemhem mmpe. Knduebɵe cnoba octadtce te we: samaghae ymbmnmsayme (hɵhemhme mgeonofm go6abnedt – «samaghɵe yeh- hoctm» m «egmhctbehhɵu bɵ6op»), «6onamebmctckoe bapbapctbo» (hɵhemhme mgeonofm fno6anmsmpobanm sty mosmymd – mobcemecthɵu ahtmkommyhmsm uepes msaetme ms mctopmueckou mametm mmeh geeteneu, mamethmkob, goctmwehmu)11 . Mpabga, bmecto bɵpawehme «wmshehhoe mpoctpahctbo» moebmnaca Øpasa «soha amepmkahckmx mhtepecob», bmecto «hesabmcmmɵe hapogɵ» – b cootbetctbmm c mgeeu fno6anmsaymm – «mpaba uenobeka»12 , bmecto «hobɵu mopegok» – «hobɵe ycnobme» (b hmx cnobo «kammtanmsm» samehmnoca ha «pɵhouhoe xoseuctbo», cnobo «mopegok» ha «fno6anmsayme»). Mobtopehme mctopmm, kak mpopmyanm ahtmuhɵe mmcatenm, cnyuaetce tofga, kofga kto-to ee sa6ɵban mnm mpehe6pefan, kto ypok he msbnekan. Mo Øpase Feopfme ¶mmmtpoba, o6bmheemofo b ueumymf- ckom mpoyecce, Øammctɵ hmkofga ctapoe he sa6ɵbanm, a hoboe he yumnm. Bepho, cefoghemhee samaghae ymbmnmsayme he ebneetce Øammctckou, haymctckou, ho othdga he fhymaetce mcmonasobata mpmbepwehyeb tex mgeonofmu m mpaktmk. A camoe hegomyctmmoe – mobtopehme fe66enacobckmx goktpmh, c momoyad koto- pɵx atnahtmueckme monmtmkm myyt pemehme b hɵhemhem mmpe metogamm, he tonako otbepfhytɵmm mctopmeu, ho m ocywgehhɵmm Hdph6epfckmm mpoyeccom.
| |
11 B bonfapmm cmeymanahɵm sakohom fogɵ coymanmctmueckofo mepmoga 6ɵnm mpmshahɵ he- geuctbmtenahɵmm – 6ygto sto kymeueckae cgenka, kotopyd mowho o6aebmta hmutowhou (mo dpmgm- ueckomy sakohogatenactby).
12 8ohgayme «Kohpag Agehayep» bcdgy gokasɵbaet mocpegctbom nekymu m kohØepehymu, uto haymohanahoe focygapctbo – sno; takmm o6pasom bce focygapctba, ctahobmbmmece b mepmog ha- ymohanahɵx gbmwehmu – mepewmtɵu mctopmueckmu stam. Egmhctbehhoe mepcmektmbhoe mhofokoh- Øecmohanahoe m pashopacoboe focygapctbo – sto CHA. Tam Øopmmpyetce haymohanahocta hobofo tmma. CCCP m P8 o6pasey motmchmueckou mmmepmm, fge he co6ndgadtce mpaba uenobeka m yctahob- neha pempeccmbhae monmtmueckae cmctema.
V¶K 94 (47+57) M749
bbK 63.3 (2) 622. 1
XPAHETEflE CEKPETOB. XPOHEKA 8Efl@¶bEFEPCKOM CBª5E CTAflEHFPA¶CKOM
O b fl A CT E B FO¶ª BEflEKOM OTE1ECTBEHHOM BOMHª
Moeuna Hamanae Hueonaebna
Cmapnuu npeno6abamena eaØe6pa memo6ueu npeno6abanue ucmopuu Øe6epananoso socy6apcmbennoso 6α6memnoso o6patobamenanoso yupem6enue bacneso o6patobanue «Moceobceuu ne6asosuueceuu socy6apcmbennau ynubepcumem»
mokinann@mail.ru
yn. Manae Muposobceae, 1, cmp. 1, 119435, s. Moceba, Poccuuceae Øe6epaçue
Ahhotayme. ¶ahhae ctatae mocbeyeha bompocam pasbmtme m geetenahoctm otgena Øenagaefepckou cbesm Ctanmhfpagckou o6nactm b fogɵ Benmkou Oteue- ctbehhou bouhɵ. Ha ochobe apxmbhɵx matepmanob bɵebnehɵ mpo6nemɵ, c ko- topɵmm mpmmnoca ctonkhytace ha mectax mpm o6cnywmbahmm Øenagaefepckmx mapmpytob. Abtopom mokasahɵ cmoco6ɵ 6ecmepe6ouhofo o6ecmeuehme cbesad ammapata focygapctbehhofo ympabnehme b ycnobmex bouhɵ.
Knduebɵe cnoba: Benmkae Oteuectbehhae bouha, HKB¶ CCCP, Øenagae- fepckae cbesa, Ctanmhfpagckae o6nacta, mpabmtenactbehhae koppecmohgehyme.
Дата добавления: 2019-09-02; просмотров: 220; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы! |
Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!