Romanyuk Svetlana Mikhailovna
Research worker of the exhibition «The Museum of War –
The Territory of Peace» of the State Institution «Memorial Complex
«Brest Hero-Fortress» sveta1988670@gmail.com
60 Geroyev Oborony Brestskoy Kreposti, 224018, Brest, Republic of Belarus
Abstract. The article tells about the Brest Fortress defenders and the combatants in the Brest region in June 1941 who took part in the Battle of Stalingrad. Their battle route from the Bug to the Volga is revealed. The basis was the memories of immediate participants of the events about the role of each human life in the victory at Stalingrad, as well as documents, photos from the fund collections and the archive of the State Institution «Memorial Complex “Brest Hero-Fortress».
Key words: Brest, Stalingrad, Great Patriotic War, letters, memories.
O6opoha bpectckou kpemoctm b mdhe 1941 f. – bawhae coctabnedyae co- 6ɵtmu Benmkou Oteuectbehhou bouhɵ. Opfahmsobahhoe compotmbnehme b tɵny mpotmbhmka, gnmbmeece okono meceya, ctano oghmm ms cmmbonob fepomueckofo m tpafmueckofo hauana bouhɵ. Hckndumtenahoe mywectbo m ctoukocta saymthm- kob kpemoctm b mocnegydyem mpmmnoca mpmshata m mpotmbhmky.
Hauanahmk mta6a 4-u apmmm bepmaxta fehepan F. bndmehtpmtt mmcan: «Ha- uananae 6umba b uαne 1941 so6a bnepbae noeatana nam Ppacnyα Apmuα. Hanu nomepu 6oxo6unu 6o 50 npoçenmob. OTMV u «menceuu 6amanaon» ta4u4anu cmapyα epenocma b bpecme 6onane ne6enu, cpamaeca 6o nocne6neso, necmompe na memeneunue 6om6emeu u o6cmpen ut epynnoeanu6epnax opy6uu. Tam ma ytnanu, umo tnauum cpamamace no pycceomy cnoco6y» [1].
Haumhae c 1939 f., b pauohe f. bpecta pasmeyanmca mogpasgenehme 4-u apmmm 3amaghofo Oco6ofo boehhofo okpyfa, mepbɵm komahgydymm kotopou 6ɵn kom- gmb B. H. fyukob (cehte6pa – geka6pa 1939 f., mapt – geka6pa 1940 f.). Oh bhec oco6ɵu bknag b xog Ctanmhfpagckou 6mtbɵ.
4-e apmme yuactbobana b Ocbo6ogmtenahom moxoge b 3amaghyd benopyccmd. 22 cehte6pe 1939 f. uactm apmmm komgmba B. H. fyukoba bomnm b f. bpect. 22 mdhe 1941 f. nmuhɵu coctab 4-u apmmm okasan ctoukoe compotmbnehme mpotmb- hmky. B mdne 1944 f., 6ygyum fepoem Ctanmhfpaga, Bacmnmu Hbahobmu fyukob ocbo6owgan f. bpect ot hemeyko-Øammctckmx saxbatumkob.
B kaptoteke apxmba memopmanahofo kommnekca cogepwmtce mhØopmayme ha 6onee uem meta tɵceu bomhob bpectckofo faphmsoha 1941 f., ho saymthmkamm kpemoctm ytbepwgehɵ okono 1 200 uenobek. Bcmommhae mx, henase he ckasata o6 ypowehyax Bonfofpagckou o6nactm, kotopɵe saymyanm bpectckyd kpemocta. Ham msbecthɵ mmeha 40 uenobek, 22 ms kotopɵx mofm6nm mpm o6opohe kpemoctm mnm b mnehy. Hmeha ogmhhagyatm sahecehɵ ha mnmtɵ memopmana.
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B umcne bephybmmxce gomou mocne bouhɵ 6ɵn mnagmmu cepwaht 455-fo ctpenkobofo monka 42-u ctpenkobou gmbmsmm Mohomapeb Bnagmmmp Bacmnae- bmu. B 1940 f., mocne okohuahme Ctanmhfpagckofo megafofmueckofo mhctmtyta, oh 6ɵn mpmsbah b PKKA m gne mpoxowgehme bomhckou cnyw6ɵ hampabneh ha samaghyd fpahmyy Cobetckofo Codsa [2].
Bouhy Bnagmmmp Bacmnaebmu bctpetmn b bpectckou kpemoctm, ebnence ak- tmbhɵm yuacthmkom o6opohɵ, mepewmn ywacɵ hemeykofo mneha. Mocne bouhɵ
B. B. Mohomapeb bephynce ha pogmhy. Cefoghe oh mpowmbaet b f. 8ponobo Bon- fofpagckou o6nactm. B mdne 2017 f. emy mcmonhmnoca 99 net. Oh ogmh ms metm saymthmkob kpemoctm, mpowmbadymx ha moctcobetckom mpoctpahctbe.
Mhofme ms tex, kto b mdhe 1941 f. haumhan cbou 6oebou myta b bpectckou kpemoctm m b pauohe f. bpecta, bmocnegctbmm mpmhmmanm yuactme b 6oex sa f. Ctanmhfpag.
Cpegm yuacthmkob 6mtbɵ ha Bonfe 6ɵn kammtah Onamebckmu Metp Cmna- bectpobmu. Benmkyd Oteuectbehhyd bouhy oh bctpetmn b pauohe f. bpecta b gonwhoctm komahgmpa 1-fo ctpenkobofo 6atanaoha 84-fo ctpenkobofo monka 6-u ctpenkobou gmbmsmm. 3a efo mneuamm 6ɵnm gonfme fogɵ cnyw6ɵ b Kpachou Ap- mmm m hakomnehhɵu 6oebou omɵt. Metp Cmnabectpobmu – yuacthmk 6oeb ha ose- pe Xacah, Ocbo6ogmtenahofo moxoga b 3amaghyd benopyccmd b cehte6pe 1939 f. Hauano Benmkou Oteuectbehhou bouhɵ oh bctpetmn ha monmfohe b f. bpecte. C uactemm Kpachou Apmmm otctyman ha boctok [3].
Fehepan-monkobhmk Cahganob ueohmg Mmxaunobmu (b mdhe 1941 f. – ha- uanahmk mta6a 4-u apmmm 3amOBO) b cboeu khmfe «1941. Ha mockobckom hampabnehmm» mmcan: «B omecmouennax 6oex na no6cmynax e s. Po6puny, 6oxo6ubnux 6o pyeonannax cxbamoe, nanu 6ouça u eoman6upa npoebunu ucenαuumenanau sepoutm. Hx camoombepmennocma u cmoueocma y6ubunu npubaenux e neseum no6e6am sumnepobçeb. Oco6enno 6ettabemno cpamance t6eca o6un ut 6amanaonob 84-so cmpeneoboso nonea no6 eoman6obanuem ea- numana M. C. Onanebceoso…» [4].
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C cehte6pe 1941 f. M. C. Onamebckmu – hauanahmk mta6a 556-fo ctpenkobofo monka 169-u ctpenkobou gmbmsmm. Vuactboban b 6oex ha Œfo-3amaghom, c cehte- 6pe 1942 f. – Ctanmhfpagckom Øpohtax.
11 okte6pe 1942 f. Metp Cmnabectpobmu hammcan poghɵm mmcamo: «¶oposae Hypa! ¶abno ne nucan. Bepnynce ut mepmbax u cpaty me nuny nucamo. Penun nocnama ØomospaØuα b tnae namemu. Momem mene ne 6y6em, mos6a ba ocma- nemeca, u momem Pumma unu 6emuneu eos6a-nu6o bcnomnem npo mene…» [5].
15 okte6pe 1942 f. mo gopofe b f. Ctanmhfpag smenoh, b kotopom haxogmnce
M. C. Onamebckmu, moman mog o6ctpen. Metp Cmnabectpobmu mofm6. Oh 6ɵn sa- xopoheh b 6patckou mofmne ha ctahymm Bep6ndwae.
Tewenɵm 6ɵn 6oebou myta ot bpecta go ct. Kotenahmkobo Ctanmhfpagckou o6nactm y AhyØpmeba Cepfee BapØonomeebmua (b mdhe 1941 f. – mnagmmu neute- haht, ctapmmu omepymonhomouehhɵu oco6ofo otgena HKB¶ 6-u ctpenkobou gm- bmsmm). O mepbɵx ghex bouhɵ Cepfeu BapØonomeebmu bcmommhan: «…npunnoca npo6upamace no manam npomubnuea (ut bpecma. – Mpum. abm.), bcmpeuamace c om6enanamu no6pat6enenuemu u spynnamu 6ouçob u npopabamace c 6oem. Mo6 flynunçem e ymepen cbou napm6unem… Ht oepymenue banen b 20 uucnax uαne b Tomene b pacnonomenuu 21-u apmuu…Tam me nanucan o6cmoemenanyα 6oena6- nyα tanucey… 2 oeme6pe 1941 s. ut opsanob HPB¶ 6an ybonen, eae bane6nuu ut oepymenue 6et 6oeymenmob… Hmae, e cman con6amom-eoman6upom opy6ue MTO b 6amapee eanumana Esopoba 435-so cmpeneoboso nonea…» [6].
2 abfycta 1942 f. 6ouyɵ 435-fo ctpenkobofo monka mpmhenm 6ou y ctahymm Kotenahmkobo. Mofm6 beca 6oebou pacuet Cepfee BapØonomeebmua. Octab- mmca ogmh, oh hammcan mmcamo cbomm poghɵm m octabmn ha mone 6oe: «Mou 6oposue! Mpo4ananau npubem om Cepsee. Mama, cboα enemby, 6annyα me6e, ucnonnun! ¶ebema muspob ycnoeoun na naneu temne. Omomcmun ta nosu6nyα b bpecme Øpyty u 6emeu, omomcmun u ta nopysannyα Po6uny. Ponuaαmce cnape- 6a, a sa6a nontym... Mo6epennenuu nem. Tpoe cymoe pocuneu ne 6ano bo pmy, a Bonsa pe6om…».
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B stot we geha C. B. AhyØpmeb 6ɵn mneheh. Mocne bouhɵ Cepfeu BapØono- meebmu bephynce b bpect gne tofo, uto6ɵ yshata, uto cnyumnoca c cemaeu, koto- pyd oh cumtan mofm6meu. Okasanoca, maptmsahɵ b 1944 f. sbakympobanm wehy m tpomx geteu b Mockobckyd o6nacta, fge ohm bce bctpetmnmca. A cama sammcka 6ɵna haugeha wmtenem Ctanmhfpagckou o6nactm, kotopɵu otmpabmn ee b pegak-
ymd fasetɵ «Mpabga», b kotopou oha 6ɵna omy6nmkobaha b 1961 f.
B otpawehmm hempepɵbhɵx atak mpotmbhmka ha f. Ctanmhfpag shaumtenahɵu bknag bhecnm fbapgeuckme mmhomethɵe uactm. B oghou ms hmx c cehte6pe 1941
f. cnywmn kammtah Pycahob Bnagmmmp Bacmnaebmu. Bouhy oh bctpetmn b bpecte b gonwhoctm hauanahmka mta6a 131-fo aptmnnepmuckofo monka, kotopɵu pacmo- nafance okono kpemoctm, bɵben ms okpywehme gba gmbmsmoha. B mocnegydyem monk 6ɵn mepeØopmmpobah. Mpoxoge ganaheumyd cnyw6y b oghou ms mmhomet- hɵx uacteu, oh yuactboban b o6opohe Kmeba, satem Ctanmhfpaga.
«Mo6 Cmanunspa6om, b 6oex no o6opone Bonmceou mbep6anu, a bnocne6- cmbuu b 6oex no oepymenuα u ynuumomenuα bpameceou spynnupobeu yua- cmbobano 6onanoe eonuuecmbo «Pamαn». Mo mnosouucnennam noeatanuem boennonnennax, nemça c ymacom nepenocunu mo4nae tanna «Pamαn», onu nonnocmaα 6emopanutobabanu u nunanu ux 6oecnoco6nocmu. Tae, nanpumep, 10 enbape 1943 so6a, eos6a nauanaca apmno6somobea, nacmynnenue no patspomy oepymennou cmanunspa6ceou spynnupobeu npomubnuea, nocne mo4nax tannob
«Pamαn» mnosue nemeçeue con6ama u oØuçepa b omuaenuu nauanu 6pocamace na eonenu u monumace 6osy», – bcmommhan B. B. Pycahob [7].
Mo6ega mog Ctanmhfpagom 6ɵna go6ɵta 6onamou yehou, m gne Bnagmmmpa Bacmnaebmua yuactme b heu 6ɵno oghmm ms camɵx epkmx co6ɵtmu b xoge Benm- kou Oteuectbehhou bouhɵ. ¶anee 6ɵna 6mtba ha Kypckou gyfe, ocbo6owgehme benopyccmm, Monamm, bsetme Behɵ m bepnmha. 3akohumn bouhy monkobhmk B.
B. Pycahob b gonwhoctm komahgmpa 22-u fbapgeuckou mmhomethou 6pmfagɵ (c 12.1944).
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Pasfpom hemeyko-Øammctckmx bouck ha Bonfe monowmn hauano hobomy stamy b xoge Benmkou Oteuectbehhou bouhɵ: ha bcex Øpohtax hauanoca hactymnehme bouck Kpachou Apmmm. Mo6ega mog Ctanmhfpagom cosgana mpegmocɵnkm gne ycmemhofo mpobegehme kpymheumeu hactymatenahou omepaymm «bafpatmoh» (23 mdhe – 29 abfycta 1944 f.), b xoge kotopou 28 mdne 1944 f. 6ɵn ocbo6owgeh
f. bpect. Cpegm ocbo6ogmteneu fopoga 6ɵnm m te, kto yuactboban b 6mtbe mog Ctanmhfpagom.
Vuacthmkom ocbo6owgehme 6ɵn boehhɵu mpokypop 160-u ctpenkobou gmbm- smm 70-u Apmmm I benopycckofo Øpohta, mauop dctmymm M. H. Octpobckmu.
Hs cmpabkm ]AMO P8 (11.03.2008) msbectho, uto «c 17 no 13.07.1944 s. 6u- butue npopbana o6opony npomubnuea b cboeu nonoce u c 6oemu nponna 138 em b tana6nom nanpabnenuu, npu mom Øopcupobana p. 5an. bys, ocbo6o6una om nemeç- eux taxbamuueob … 176 nacenennax nynemob u bo btaumo6eucmbuu c uacmemu 9 ce 29.07. tanena s. bpecm» [8].
Haxogeca ha Ctanmhfpagckom Øpohte, Matbeu Hoebmu mpaktmueckm kawgɵu geha cemae mmcan mmcama. Tak, 5 Øebpane 1943 f., uepes heckonako gheu mocne pasfpoma hemeyko-Øammctckmx bouck, oh hammcan: «Mou 6oposue! Mocne6nue 6nu ma nepemubaem pa6ocma no6e6a. Ma bce sop6umce mem, umo ma – yuacm- nueu benueou 6umba, eomopae 6ana no6 Cmanunspa6om. Mo6e6a, eomopyα ma
t6eca o6epmanu, o6onnaca nam 6oposo, no bpasy ona o6onnaca b comnu pat 6o- pome, u tma no6e6a – nauano naneu o64eu no6e6a, o eomopou meumaem beca napo6, u ba, mou 6oposue, b mom uucne.
…Ho o6num Cmanunspa6om bouna ne eonuunaca. Ma 6y6em 6uma bpasa na nobom yuacmee...» [9].
23 mapta 1945 f. M. H. Octpobckmu mofm6 mpm obnagehmm f. Comot (Monama) m b 1948 f. 6ɵn mepesaxopoheh b 6patckou mofmne fopogckofo mapka b f. bpecte. 3a otnmume b 6oex ha Øpohtax Benmkou Oteuectbehhou bouhɵ Octpobckmu Matbeu Hoebmu 6ɵn hafpawgeh meganemm «3a otbafy» (1942), «3a o6opohy Cta- nmhfpaga» (1942), opgehom Oteuectbehhou bouhɵ II ctemehm (1944), mocmeptho
opgehom Oteuectbehhou bouhɵ I ctemehm (1945).
B apxmbe memopmanahofo kommnekca mmeetce mhØopmayme ha 6onee uem 50 yuacthmkob Ctanmhfpagckou 6mtbɵ, kotopɵe bctpetmnm bouhy ha samaghou fpa- hmye CCCP b coctabe bpectckofo faphmsoha. 3to ndgm, kotopɵe mpogenanm gon- fmu myta ot bpecta go Ctanmhfpaga m co6ɵtme, yuacthmkamm kotopɵx ohm 6ɵnm, octanmca b mx mametm ha bcd wmsha.
Npmmeuahme
1. Fapt u. Mo ty ctopohy xonma. – M.: Xapbect, 2014. – 480 c.
2. Apxmb hayuho-skcmosmymohhofo otgena Focygapctbehhofo yupewgehme «Memopmana- hɵu kommnekc «bpectckae kpemocta-fepou». Om. 455 cm. ¶. 27. u. 24.
3. Apxmb hayuho-skcmosmymohhofo otgena Focygapctbehhofo yupewgehme «Memopmana- hɵu kommnekc «bpectckae kpemocta-fepou». Om. 84 cm. ¶. 140. u. 37–38.
4. Cahganob u. M. 1941. Ha mockobckom hampabnehmm. – M.: Beue, 2006. – 576 c.
5. Apxmb hayuho-skcmosmymohhofo otgena Focygapctbehhofo yupewgehme «Memopmana- hɵu kommnekc «bpectckae kpemocta-fepou». Om. 84 cm. ¶. 140. u. 85–86.
6. Apxmb hayuho-skcmosmymohhofo otgena Focygapctbehhofo yupewgehme «Memopmana- hɵu kommnekc «bpectckae kpemocta-fepou». Om. 6cg. ¶. 2. u. 2.
7. Apxmb hayuho-skcmosmymohhofo otgena Focygapctbehhofo yupewgehme «Memopmana- hɵu kommnekc «bpectckae kpemocta-fepou». Om. 131 am. ¶. 73. u. 101–102.
8. Apxmb hayuho-skcmosmymohhofo otgena Focygapctbehhofo yupewgehme «Memopmana- hɵu kommnekc «bpectckae kpemocta-fepou». Om. Ocbo6owgehme. ¶. 626. u. 2.
9. Apxmb hayuho-skcmosmymohhofo otgena Focygapctbehhofo yupewgehme «Memopmana- hɵu kommnekc «bpectckae kpemocta-fepou». Om. Ocbo6owgehme. ¶. 626. u. 5.
MAPEHA PACKOBA: HE5AbªBAEMAª TAflAHTflEBAª FEPOEHª, ObPA5E] KEHCKOM 5MAHCENA]EE
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MpoØeccop Hncmumyma ucmopuu anmuØanucmceoso conpomubnenue (Hma- nue), unen Hmanaenceoso O64ecmba boennou ucmopuu
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Ahhotayme. B ctatae ocbeyadtce getanm cnabhou 6mofpaØmm msbecthou cobetckou netumyɵ, Fepoe Cobetckofo Codsa, Mapmhɵ Mmxaunobhɵ Packobou. Abtop pacckasɵbaet o6 ofpomhou momynephoctm temɵ wehckou abmaymm b Hta- nmm, o mhofoumcnehhɵx otsɵbax ha khmfy m tenemepegaum o Mapmhe Packobou ot mctopmueckmx wyphanob, a takwe ot ndgeu, ybnekadymxce mctopmeu abmaymm, ahtmØammctob, boehhɵx m fpawgahckmx netumkob.
Knduebɵe cnoba: netumyɵ, wehckme abmamonkm, Mapmha Packoba, pmcko- bahhɵe sagahme, betepahɵ.
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