Why the west likes neither Molotov, nor Ribbentrop 12 страница
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How England left France to sink or swim
attacked the USSR demolishing the Romanian oil fields became irrelevant again. The Royal Air Force had never attempted to bomb out this only available to Germany oil resource. How else was it possible to fuel the tanks tearing along toward Moscow, Stalingrad and Kursk?
So far the British government is not “strangling” Germany, but England’s demands cannot be ignored, because England will not tolerate this situation for a long time. It is necessary to be active and resolute. “The Englishmen will give in only after a couple of attacks” — this is what Hitler said (quote in General Halder’s diary)1. One should not wonder, why, preparing to attack France, Hitler mentions England, because he is well aware of who really pulls the strings in world politics…
So in October 1939 Hitler sees no way out except an assault on France. The firs variant of the war plan was made only on the 19th of October, i. e. 13 days later than Hitler’s “peaceful” speech. The reaction of the Reich’s top brass to their chief’s plan of waging a real war against the French soldiers sitting behind the Maginot line was untold terror. General von Brauchitsch and General Halder were against the assault in principle. General von Leeb was also against violating the neutrality of Belgium and Holland. Recollec-tions of the First World War tugged at his heart: Verdun, Marne, Somme. It was a terrible massacre: hundreds of thousands of dead and injured on a square foot of land furrowed by shells. Was that to be repeated?
One would never come to know what Adolf Hitler really wanted, in other words, how serious he was in his intention to crush the French army. But there are some facts to suggest that his genuine idea was to come to terms with the West. What are these facts? If Hitler really wanted to fight England and France, he ought not to have prevented the German seamen from sinking the enemy ships, which was their direct duty. The German Navy started their combat operations so actively that Hitler had to interfere in order to deter his ardent captains. Only during the first war week the Germans sank 11 ships of 64,595 tons displacement. If they had carried on like that, there would have been only German submarines near the British Isles. A mysterious phenomenon happened: the total tonnage of the British
Shirer, W. The rise and fall of the Third Reich. P. 73.
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ships was less in the second week (51,561 tons), still less in the third week (12,750 tons) and the least in the fourth week (4,646 tons)1.
The German tanks in France. No one in London and Paris expected Hitler to strike a real blow against the West. That is why it did not take long before they were defeated
What was it that so radically reduced the efficiency of the German sub-marines? Had the British captains learnt to sink them, or had they become more cautious and experienced? No, the British seamen were surprised themselves at the statistics. But the key to the “mystery” was quite simple: Hitler asked his captains not to sink the English and French ships. Admiral Reder wrote in his diary that the general political line was “exercising re-straint until the political situation in the West cleared up”2. In one episode the captain of a German submarine taking vantage position before the French military ship “Dunkirk” asked for permission to attack it, but was ordered not to3. The German fuehrer personally forbade the attack!
Shirer, W. The rise and fall of the Third Reich. P. 57.
Ibid.
Speer, A. Recollections. P. 238
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The history of the German attack on France was just as incredible. The first date of the operation that Hitler fixed was November 12, 19391, but in reality the attack took place on May 10, 1940. Hitler put off the date 20 times!2 One can take a calendar to make sure that the period from November 12 and May 10 includes 24–25 weeks. Hitler postponed the event occurrence date almost every week!
Why? Historians say: bad weather. Do you believe it? Was it possible that Hitler and his generals could not cope with weather between Germany and France for seven (!) months? Did they inspect the sky every day to see, if the wind was blowing off the clouds for the sun to come out at last? Wasn’t it more reasonable to fit the date to the weather suitable at this or that particular season? That would have saved the trouble of stupidly changing the date all the time. The army had been on the rack for half a year, with no one being able to say, if the German fuehrer would fix a different date again or not. Was it in the nature of the punctual Germans? The explanation is as clear, as daylight: the assault was constantly postponed, while there was hope to come to terms. When the last hope died, Germany struck a blow.
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How did the Western democracies respond to Hitler’s peace proposals? Formally, their leaders rejected them. But there was one more response, although one can hardly relate it to the German fuehrer’s peace proposals… Annually, to celebrate the anniversary of his “beer putsch” Hitler spoke in Munich’s bar “Bьrgerbrдukeller”to his old Party comrades. It was a tradi-
tional event. But this time the meeting with the fuehrer’s old friends ended rather unusually. Thirteen minutes after Hitler was gone, a bomb exploded in the bar, with 8 people dead and 63 injured. On the same evening the German carpenter Johann Georg Elser was detained on the border between Germany and Switzerland. He owned up after a few interrogations. “The heart talk” between the prisoner and “daddy” Mьller, an Oberst-Gruppenfьhrer made it possible for the German propaganda to link the explosion with the British espionage. But even now some authors tend to think that the attempt had been staged by GESTAPO that was eager to prove its importance. There is still another version that considers Elser as an independent figure striving
Halder, F. The military diary. The daily notes of the Chief of General Staff of groundforces. 1939–1942. M., 1971. P. 147.
Yakobsen, G. A. 1939–1945. The second world war // World War II: TwoApproaches. P. 13.
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to annihilate the German dictator. Both versions, like in the history with the Jewish terrorist Grynszpan, hold no water.
What is to happen to a terrorist after arrest? Elser confesses to the crime. If he were a GESTAPO agent or an individual patriot, he would be promptly tried and executed. Then no one is the wiser, no truth will come out, and the grateful fuehrer will award brand-new iron crosses to the GESTAPO chiefs. Why save the life of a crazy person that has attempted the life of the German fuehrer? But, oddly enough, Elser, like Grynszpan, was sent to the concentration camp Sachsenhausen and later was transferred to Dachau. He was shot down only on April 9, 1945. His life, as well as Grynszpan’s life, had been saved for them to witness in a post-war court trial. After the war Hitler wanted to hold a show trial to expose the perfidy and cruelty of the enemy special services1. To meet this end he needed proofs — life evidence of the activities of the British intelligence service. This accounts for the prisoners’ long imprisonment in the concentration camps. There is only one problem: to be a witness at the trial one has to be a real terrorist. It would not do to take to substitute real witnesses by dummies and let them say whatever they are told to say about the British intelligence service. But such evidence is not worth a brass farthing.
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Walter Schellenberg also writes about the connection of Elser, “an in-dividualist”, with the British agents in his post-war memoirs: “Under the weight of evidence he confessed that he had placed his explosive timing device inside one of the columns of the bar… Elser said that he had been helped by two strangers who had promised to take care of him later abroad”2. To check his evidence the Nazi investigators brought a hypnotist, but Elser stubbornly talked away about two strangers…
What did that attempt mean? It was a warning. On November 9, 1939 at 6 p.m. Hitler was to take a decision concerning at attack on France. A bomb was blasted, and following the explosion Hitler put off the fate of the attack from November 12 to November 19, and then to November 25. This started the confusion with the dates of attacking France, and history had known nothing of the kind before. Those who wanted to launch an offensive were on the march the day they wanted. Only Hitler’s reluctance
“European Express” (the German newspaper in the Russian language), №45 (401). 7.11.2005.
Schellenberg, W. Labyrinth. P. 91.
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to break off relations with his patrons caused the ludicrous 20-fold time extension of the attack date.
The British secret service was, as usual, in the know of all Hitler’s plans. What were their sources of information? During the Munich crisis some German generals constantly leaked information to England, trying to prevent war, and they carried on in 1939. When they came to know about Hitler’s plan to attack France, they were terrified and made efforts to catalyze the process of deposing Hitler. Doctor Josef Mьller went to Rome to establish contacts with the English ambassador in Vatican. The Roman Pope himself consented to play intermediary between Britain and a future non-Nazi Germany. Another source was Bern, the capital of Switzerland. That was where the German diplomat Theodor Kordt went1.
It was characteristic that the political leaders in London and Paris did not think Hitler to be dangerous. Of Hitler was a devil incarnate, why not liquidate him? He neglected elementary safety instructions, going around unescorted and in an open car. Why was he so unconcerned? Hitler just knew that England would not benefit from his death! In the whole period of the war THERE WAS NO ATTEMPT ON THE LIFE OF THE MAIN CRIMINAL OF ALL TIMES AND NATIONS!2
The main factor of Germany’s aggressive policy was, no doubt, the per-sonality of its leader. If Hitler had perished from the explosion, the regime might have changed radically. More so, it would have been impossible for the Nazi leaders to retain power, because none of Hitler’s henchman had his charisma and authority to rule the country. The German army gave an oath of allegiance personally to Adolf Hitler, and to no one else. Hess, or Himmler, or Gцring would never have won such support. The most probable scenario would be a government of generals who had long, since the Munich
Shirer, W. The rise and fall of the Third Reich. P. 73–78.
The famous attempt on the part of von Stauffenberg who exploded a bomb in Hitler’s General Headquarters on the 20th of July 1944 was made by the Germans themselves, without any participation of Britain. What I mean is attempts to liquidate Hitler by foreign special services. There was much talk, and plans were numerous, too. But all the projects were rejected by the leadership of the British secret service. The latest article in the modern press headlined “MI 5 did not allow its agent to blow up Hitler” was issued on 09.01.2008 (http://www.lenta. ru/news/2007/o01/09/mission/).
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crisis, waited for a chance to overthrow the regime that pushed Germany to a new terrible war. Was England interested in Hitler’s death? Beyond the sphere of emotions, the answer is: no, it was not. If the principal aggressor of the planet had been liquidated, it would have been next to impossible to seduce Germany to go to the East, because the new government would not have known, why they must do it. The point was that all the territories lost by Germany after the First World War had been returned. Everyone would like to enjoy life instead of fighting for Ukraine that was too far away. Why go to war?
At that point the reluctance of the West to make peace with Hitler matches splendidly with its reluctance to liquidate Hitler. Only this German fuehrer could unleash the war for the sake of which he had been brought to power. For the West to conclude peace with Hitler meant sitting down for the talks with their own “mad dog” at the time that was most advanta-geous for that “dog”, on its terms and to its benefit. What could England and France benefit from the end of the “phony war”? They would gain noth-ing. To sign a peace treaty meant a legal appearance of a new independent political player — the German Reich. Besides, the head of the Reich would not be Kaiser Wilhelm, a relative of the English king, but a cynical, shrewd politician that endured the hardships of political strife in all its forms, from the tap house to the chancellor’s office, enjoying the great support of the German nation. Why would England and France want such a peace? Peace with Hitler would signify the dismal failure of their longstanding operation aimed at unleashing a war between Germany and Russia. Of course, there was a chance to induce Hitler to attack the USSR after making peace. But there was the question of what Hitler would demand for that! Wouldn’t the price of liquidating Bolsheviks and gaining control of the Russian natural resources be too high?
It seemed more reasonable not to conclude peace with Hitler and, in this indefinite situation. Impel him to attack the USSR. The main bargaining chip would be a peace treaty between Germany with England and France. Go to crush Russia, Herr Hitler, then come back to “the letter and the spirit” of the old agreements and you will have the long-awaited peace, sir! But a customer pays only after getting what he wants. First crush the USSR, and stay alive. Thus, all anti-Hitler conspiracies find no support in the USA and Britain. The German generals (Beck, Canaris and Oster), as well as “the civilians”, such as Goerdeler, Schacht and Hassel establishe contacts with
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the American and British secret services. They held high-level negotia-tions, offering to depose Hitler and demanding from the West guarantees of the loyal attitude to and immediate peace with Germany. The Americans and British politicians showed their interest and even defined the external signal of starting the operation of deposing Hitler — repeal of measures to ensure the blackout1. As is known, the German fuehrer was safe and sound till April 1945…
But before Hitler stopped playing his strange game of time extension of the attack date, a real war between England and Germany broke out, at last. Germany had to carry out one more aggressive act, and the German army was involved into one more military operation of its General Staff. On the 9th of April the German troops started invading Norway. Unlike the Danish army that had not prevented the Germans from occupying their country, the Norwegian army put up resistance. It was different in Denmark: the German divisions just marched across the borderline and peacefully took control over its strategic objects.
Why did Adolf Hitler occupy these Scandinavian countries? Was he again subject to his craving to conquer the whole world? No, he was not. During the whole period of the war Denmark and Norway did not suffer from the cruel occupation regime, and the Resistance movement there, if any at all, only vaguely resembled the heroic struggle of Belorussian and Ukrainian partisans. Germany marched into Scandinavia with the only view of ensuring supplies of iron ore that was vitally important for Germany.
The logic of the militarized economy demanded that Germany should occupy Norway to ensure the deliveries of Swedish ore. The neighboring Denmark was occupied for the same reason. In such cases, the other par-ticipants of the world war showed no more scrupulousness. For example on May 10, 1940 England occupied Iceland that did not have its own army. Officially this act was motivated by the necessity to prevent Germany from occupying Iceland, but if the Germans had really wanted that, they might have occupied the island long before, because there was no one to defend Iceland. Bur Germany did not need it. But England did need it, because Iceland was located midway between America and England and was strategically significant to maintain the continuous flow of supplies. Iceland was a neutral state and declared a protest against the occupation, but London ignored it. The history paradox: The Germans
Falin, V. The second front. The anti-Hitler coalition: conflict of interests. P. 169.
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occupy a country for the needs of their economy; the Englishmen occupy another country for the same reason. But the former are impudent ag-gressors, while the latter are fighters for the freedom of mankind. What is the difference? History is written by victors.
The Swedish mines are mainly located in two regions: south of Stockholm and in the north of the country. Normally, the iron ore was delivered by sea: in the south through the port of Ukselezund and in the north through the port of Luleo. But from December to May Luleo was closed, as the sea was frozen, and at times Ukselezund was also closed, too. That was why the only fail-safe port was Norway’s Narvik1.
The Reich’s leaders knew that Britain was preparing an operation to oc-cupy Norway2. Germany jumped ahead of Britain in its intention to occupy Norway, coming a day (to be more precise, only a few hours) earlier, than the enemy3. It should be borne in mind, that British soldiers would have been treated by the population as occupants; because the King of Norway gave it to understand that he would not allow on his territory any foreign military presence and involve his country into the world war. But his po-sition did not bewilder Britain. As early as in September 1939 Churshill recommended that the neutral status of the Scandinavian countries should be ignored and these states should be involved in the military operations of Great Britain. In his note of December 16, 1939 sir Winston expressed himself even more definitely: he suggested that Norway and Sweden should be occupied in order “to meet the German invaders in the Scandinavian land”4. The English lord was not at all worried about the fact that the Eng-lish invaders would meet the German invaders. Great Britain, just like its German opponent, was prepared to trample down the treaties signed with Norway and Sweden5.
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