Why the west likes neither Molotov, nor Ribbentrop 3 страница
What killed the captive Russian soldiers in Poland? They died from the same cause that killed their brothers and sons held captive by the German Reich 20 years later, in the terrible summer of 1941. This cause is outra-geous treatment!
80 thousand captive Russian soldiers died in Polish concentration camps 3 . The public at large is not acquainted with the names of theseconcentration camps that came to be set up two decades earlier than the analogous German camps. Auschwitz (Oswiecim) was only a continuation of the Polish extermination camps of Strzalkow and Tuchola. Sadists are alike, no matter what country. That is why the objects of abuse on the part of Germans and Poles are the same: communists, Jews and those suspected of being communists and Jews4.
The prisoners were beaten and humiliated. The Poles harnessed them instead of horses and made them carry “passengers”. According to the Rus-sian ambassador in Poland, “every day the exhausted captives had to go out
Trotsky, L. Problems of the proletarian revolution. The Communist International //Works. V. 13. Moscow-Leningrad, 1926. Reference 119.
Matveyev, G. F. On the number of the Red Army men in Polish captivity in1919–1920. The New and Newest History. 2006. №3.
Pospelov, P. The Poles want us to repent of the occupation, while we expect themto repent of Strzalkow and Tuchola // Nezavisimaya gazeta. 10.04.2007.
The Poles had a peculiarity, too: ethnic Germans among the Red Army servicemen were shot down on the spot.
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and — at the word of command — they would run around, fall on the muddy ground to rise again and so on. If someone refused to lie in the mud, or was unable to get up again, they were clubbed”1.
There is evidence of the crimes committed by the Polish troops, for which the officers of the German SS-divisions were tried in 1945. They were tried for mass executions of war prisoners and orders “to take no captives”, which, in fact, is the same thing2.
Aggression and violation of treaties are the breeding grounds of the new Poland. Such a bad record, together with concentration camps, does not correlate with the idea of a truly democratic country. Of course, Poland, the future victim of Hitler’s aggression, was not that. It is necessary to remind those who shed crocodile tears over a nice country ruined by Nazi Ger-many, that the dictatorship the Poles had set up in their own country was only slightly better than the Nazi regime. On May 12, 1926 Jуzef Pilsudski, the founder of the Polish state, captured Warsaw by the use of force and seized power. After the Silesian conflict the relations between Germany and Poland were far from being good-neighborly and warm. But the situation changed after Adolf Hitler came to power on January 30, 1933. Poland was the first country with which the new chancellor signed an important treaty: the non-aggression pact for the term of 10 years (January 26, 1934). Many more bilateral talks would follow, all characterized by discussions of joint actions against the Soviet Union.
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Those who have doubts may turn to the works of reputed Polish histori-ans, such as Professor Pawel Wieczorkiewicz from the Institute of History at Warsaw University, an author of numerous books and articles. He specializes in the history of Russia and the USSR, war history and the newest history of Poland. On September 28, 2005 in an interview to the official newspaper “Rzechpospolita”, he displays straight speaking, as is proper for a soldier, to answer the question of the friendship between Hitler and his future victim: “We (Poland. — N. S.) might have had a position on the side of the Reich, equal to that of Italy and certainly better compared to the status of Hungary or Romania. As a result, we would have got to Moscow where Adolph Hitler,
Nezavisimaya gazeta. 10.04.2007.
Ivanov, Y. The tragedy of the Polish imprisonment // Nezavisimaya gazeta. №127(1698). 16.07.1998.
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together with Rydz-Śmigły, would be reviewing the victorious troops of the joint German-Polish army”1.
Edward Rydz-Śmigły was a marshal and commander-in-chief of the Polish Army in 1939. He was one of the major figures responsible for the crushing defeat of Poland, after which he ran away to Romania. Yet, one must do justice to the marshal who behaved as is right and proper for an officer. He stripped himself of his title and on October 30, 1941, returned to the occupied Warsaw to fight the Germans as an ordinary soldier. But he did not manage to take part in hostilities, having died of a heart attack on December 2, 1941, five weeks after his comeback to Poland. He was buried in Warsaw under an alias (Adam Zawisza). Only in 1994 a tombstone with his real name was set on his grave.
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They talked about a joint expedition against Russia, but that did not seem real until Hitler approached the frontiers of the USSR. Their working partnership resulted in the split of Czechoslovakia, with Poland annexing the Teshin region. In the same cooperative way, they planned to settle territorial disputes between Germany and her neighbor in the East. “As early as in 1938 the Allies agreed that Poland would become a German satellite”, — A. Taylor, a British historian, casually comments in his book2. In other words, the “honeymoon” between Germany and Poland took place during the “post-Munich” period (late 1938 — early 1939). This is worthy of note…
Indeed, with Hitler in office, Germany changed her attitude toward Poland. Organizations of ethnic Germans, such as “The Union of Germans in Poland”, “The Party of Young Germans” began to expand. Besides, there was a legal (!) branch of the National-Socialist Party of Germany in Poland. The Nazi ideas were circulated and popularized among the local Germans. In 1937 Poland issued 105 newspapers and magazines in Ger-man; 20 of these were daily productions. An overwhelming majority of the press was controlled by the Reich’s Ministry of Propaganda headed by Josef Goebbels3.
inosmi.ru — put online on September 28, 2005.
Taylor, A. The Second World War. P. 395.
As Goebbels once said, “it is difficult to ascertain where our propaganda ends and espionage begins” (source: Riss, K. Total espionage. M., Voyenizdat NKO USSR, 1945. P. 107–108).
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Interstate relations, including high-level ties, were improving, too. Polish state representatives would pay friendly visits to the Reich, while the Nazi leaders visited “fraternal” Poland. In January 1938 Warsaw saw SS-Oberst-Gruppenfьhrer Kurt Daluege, the personality that two months later would find himself in Vienna to organize “a referendum”. As chief of the German Police (SIPo) he was likely to discuss the details of his major profession during his conversations with General Kordin-Zamorski, the chief of the Polish police. The Polish general also had something to tell. The methods of work applied by the Polish police were even more radical than those of the German police: house-checks, battery and confinement. Firearms were used in any case of resistance or attempt to flee. They resorted even to sum-mary execution. Whom did the Polish police officers treat so cruelly? Were these pickpockets and burglars? No, these were political opponents of the regime, communists and Ukrainian nationalists…
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The exchange of ideas and experience was so successful that Mr. Kordin-Zamorski was invited to attend as a guest (!) a forthcoming conference of the Nazi Party in Nuremberg and meet Hitler. One must agree that few foreigners “had the honor” of being invited to the NSDAP conference and having a one-to-one interview with Hitler. But the Polish “Genossen” were always welcome by the German fuehrer and his minions. The dashing Polish policemen were praised and respected not only by Nazi Germany. A month later General Kordin-Zamorski visited Berlin again. On October 7, 1938 he went to see his buddy Kurt Daluege… on his way to a conference of the fascist police in Rome, Italy!
The German-Polish amity was not reduced to the relationships between the chiefs of the security services. December 1938 saw Germany’s Minister of Justice Frank Hermann in Warsaw and in a year (February 1939) Heinrich Himmler, Reichsfьhrer SS, visited the Polish capital. The Nazis’ entrenched anti-Semitism did not embarrass the Polish authorities, nor stand in the way to the German-Polish friendship. The Polish professor Pawel Wieczorkiewicz holds forth in his interview: “The holocaust, certainly, makes one feel sad. But when you come to think of it, you may conclude that, given Germany’s rapid victory, there might have been no holocaust at all, because it was, to a great extent, the consequence of the German military defeats”1.
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See all the quotes from the interview of professor Wieczorkiewicz online: inosmi.ru.
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It follows that Poland ought to have helped Hitler and attacked Russia in cooperation with Germany — then the Jews would have been safer! Does it mean that the future victims of Majdanek and Buchenwald should also have cooperated with Hitler, like the Poles? If the Jews had helped Hitler to win the war, there would have been no holocaust — this is how the Polish historian reasons. No comment is necessary…
Apart from this, a well-known event that shows common views of Po-land and Germany, including the attitude toward the Jews, needs a lengthy commentary. Oddly enough, the close relations between these countries became manifest due to a conflict that developed at the high noon of their “honeymoon” period. It was a futile conflict that did not influence the bilateral relations between Warsaw and Berlin. Yet, its consequences went down in the history of mankind as a stigma named the “Crystal Night”…
On the night of November 9–10, 1938 Germany saw a race riot that derived its romantic name (“Crystal Night”) from the splinters of glass of the shop windows and window panes of the Jews’ houses shattered by Nazi pogrom-makers. Thousands of Jewish shops and synagogues were looted and demolished. About a hundred people perished, many found themselves in concentration camps. These were not yet the notorious death camps with crematory furnaces and gas chambers “invented” be the Nazis later, but many Jews sent there “to be reformed by labor” never returned home…
Right after coming to power the Nazi leadership of Germany made the driving of the Jews out of the country their policy. With this end in view Germany passed a number of laws degrading the Jews and excluding promotion both in business and state service. But the Jews did not leave Germany en masse. Only a few did, and they thought themselves lucky and far-sighted when, only some years later, the Nazis began exterminating the Jews as a nation.
Why didn’t the Jews leave the country that treated them with ever growing racial hatred? They did not, because they had nowhere to go. No country was ready to give shelter to the debased and prosecuted people. On the contrary, the authorities of other European states tried to block the Jewish emigration from Germany1.
To be able to understand the tragedy of the then Europe one should read the books by Erich Maria Remarque, a fine German writer. In his
Bullock, A. P. 209.
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novels he nicely depicts the appalling game of “ping-ponging” live people. The Jews, as well as all those trying to escape from Hitler’s Germany, did not manage to get the necessary documents and visas to enter Austria and Czechoslovakia, formally sovereign states, as well as Switzerland and other countries. So they had to cross borders illegally. Beyond the borderline, there were vigilant guards and policemen who arrested the illegals. At worst, they palmed the illegals off to Germany; at best, they had them deported into some other country, where the procedure was repeated. The poor wretches crossed the borders nearly every day in the vain hope of getting lost in the new country, but all the same they were tracked down, detained, imprisoned and deported over and over again…
Why didn’t the USA, England and France grant them political asylum?1 They did not, because they needed an excuse to attack Germany in the rear, after her attacking and crushing the USSR. They needed an excuse to enter in the war. They wanted some big idea to be glorified by historians, writers and film-makers, a mission that war veterans and politicians would be proud of. Seizure of Russian mineral resources and developing the wide open spaces of Russia would not work, just like crushing a geopolitical adversary. Neither looks respectable and quote-worthy. In the meantime, the motto of crushing the bloodthirsty Nazi butchers burning children and women in furnaces and poisoning innocent people in gas chambers hits the mark!
Extermination of the Jews was a sacrifice planned by those who wanted to fight cocks, playing Germany and Russia against each other in a terrible war, and then step in to dictate their terms of peace. That was why no one was in a hurry to save these victims of violence; on the contrary, efforts were made to keep them within reach of the Nazi regime and, in the end, let them die. It is easy to confirm this frightful hypothesis. Suffice it only to remember, how readily all modern European countries grant political asylum. At that time, no one granted such protection to the German, Aus-trian and Czech Jews who were political refugees in their own countries. No country invited, nor received them, though all the Jews of the Third
This clearly shows the dependence of the state policies of most countries on the political solutions of the leading powers, such as Great Britain, France and the USA. As the superpowers did not care about refugees and forced migrants, the “minor states” just followed suit.
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Reich were deprived of citizenship, so that they were prepared to receive citizenship of any country…
Now it is necessary to get back to the question of the “Crystal Night” and the German-Polish amity. The anti-Jew regulations (the Nuremberg laws) were adopted in September 1935, but there were no large-scale pogroms in Germany until November 1938. Shattered shop windows, demolished stores, burned synagogues and corpses came about by surprise. What caused this German pogrom?
Practically every book devoted to the Second World War makes refer-ence to the “Crystal Night”. Half these books do not analyze the cause, while the other half claims that the pogrom followed the murder of the German diplomat von Rath committed by a Jewish youth. In fact, no author explains, why this 17-year-old young man, living in Paris (not in Berlin!), triggered off his pistol…
At an early hour of November 7, 1938 Herschel (Hermann) Grynszpan came up to the entrance of the German embassy in Paris. He told the guard at the gate that he had some important message for the ambassador Johannes von Welczeck. The ambassador was not available at the moment, and the young man was ushered into the study of his secretary, Ernst von Rath. Instead of delivering the message, Grynszpan took out a pistol and shot away at the diplomat. The German got a gutter wound in the shoulder and a penetrating wound in the abdominal cavity. All the German press went mad from indignation, and Hitler sent Professor Brandt to Paris to provide qualified medical assistance to the wounded man. The German leader even let the German doctors avail themselves of his plane to fly to Paris.
What happened next is obscure. On the morning of November 9 Doctor Brandt ordered to prepare von Rath for chemotherapy. But they “mistak-enly” transfused the wrong blood type, and the patient died after the third transfusion1.
After arresting Grynszpan the French police found his letter to his parents and a postcard from his father. At the police station the murderer claimed that he had killed an officer of the German embassy in protest against the humiliating treatment of his nation. What was it that excited the young Jew so much that he decided to commit murder?
Fintushal, M. The murder of von Rath: an attempt or provocation? // Alef. TheJewish International Monthly Magazine. 21.11.2005.
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Historians avoid describing the back-story of this tragedy1. There is a rea-son for this: given the objective account Poland, the future “victim of Hitler’s aggression”, would be plainly at fault. Well, unlike a Western historian, the author of this book has nothing to lie about and no difficulty to wriggle out of. In 1938 there were half a million German Jews and about 50 thousand Jews with Polish passports on the territory of Germany. Like Nazi Germany, Poland tried hard to get rid of her Jewish population. It suited nicely the British masterminds of Hitler’s rise to power in order to have grounds to accuse the Third Reich of inhuman practices, a charge to be filed at a later period of time. To this end it was necessary to provoke the Nazi govern-ment into repressions against the Jews. Hitler also needed an excuse to start a new wave of racial harassment. Thus, both England and Germany were interested in repressive crackdown against the Jews. But Britain always uses others to do her own dirty work. As the English proverb runs, don’t keep a dog and bark yourself.
The Polish Jews did nicely for the role of the harassed individuals. Po-land would have hardly ventured on such an outrageous abuse of power, but for approval from London secured in advance. The act of the Warsaw authorities was too cruel and lawless. On March 31 the Polish president signed a law enabling the Ministry of Home Affairs to expatriate Polish citizens staying abroad for a period longer than 5 years and “having lost ties with the Polish government”. Thus, Poland made a real problem of re-turning home for her Jewish citizens. That was a preliminary stage, while the further stage was like a blitzkrieg, leaving “the enemy” no chance for survival. October 15, 1938 saw a new amendment to the Polish citizenship law that envisaged only a fortnight’s notice (!) to revalidate the passports for traveling abroad. Over 14 days about 50 thousand people were supposed to visit a Polish consulate in person, which was impossible. Those unable to get a special stamp in their passports before October 30 were to get into a fearful mess, related to expatriation by default and inability to return to
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