Translate the sentences into English using the Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
1. Ты давно меня ждешь? 2. Вы опять дрались? 3. Как давно у вас болит нога? 4. Он занимается уже три часа. 5. Я учу испанский с сентября. 6. Анна ищет работу шесть месяцев. 7.Мой брат курит десять лет. 8. Они работают в Манчестере с 1 марта. 9. Сколько времени шел снег? 10. У тебя глаза красные. Ты плакала? 11. С какого возраста ты играешь в шахматы? 12. Как давно вы живете в этом городе?
What do you remember ?
Choose the correct answer a, b, or c .
1. - What time does the train leave? - I think it … at 2 o’clock
a) leaves b) has been leaving c) has left
2. - Where are Tom and Pauline? - They … to the supermarket.
a) have just gone b) have been going c) go
3. - What is Jill doing these days? - She … for a job for six months.
a) is looking b) has been looking c) looks
4. - Is Mandy watching TV? - No, she … her homework right now.
a) is always doing b) is doing c) does
5. - Have you been for a walk? - Yes, I often … for walks in the evenings.
a) have gone b) am going c) go
6. - Have you seen any films lately? - Yes. Actually I … two this week.
a) have seen b) am seeing c) see
7. - What … ? - It’s a piece of cherry pie. Mum made it yesterday.
a) are you eating b) do you eat c) have you eaten
8. - Are you going on holiday this summer? - Yes, I … enough money.
a) am saving b) have already saved c) save
9. - Is Todd reading the newspaper? - No. He … dinner at the moment.
a) has been making b) makes c) is making
10. - Have you bought any CDs recently? - Yes. Actually, I … two this week.
a) have bought b) have been buying c) am buying
11. - What time does the play start? - I think it … at 8 o’clock.
a) has been starting b) starts c) has started
12. - Where is Mark? - He … to the library to return some books.
a) has gone b) has been c) is going
13.- What … ? - It’s a letter to my pen-friend. I’m telling her my news.
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a) have you written b) do you write c) are you writing
I. Read an article about a person whose life was changed by a holiday. Answer the questions.
1. What is Victoria doing now?
2. What was she doing before?
3. What made her change her life?
4. How does she feel now?
II. Guess the meaning of the highlighted words. Then match them with their definitions below.
1. of little importance ____________
2. crazy ______________
3. a person who looks after animals ___________
4. animals like large monkeys __________
5. not looked after well _________
It was just a holiday, but it changed my life
Holidays can be good for your health. You lie on a beach and relax, and tensions disappear. But sometimes a holiday can change your life completely, which is what happened two years ago to Victoria Smith.
Victoria Smith, six years ago, was working as a manager at Next, a British chain store. Then she went on holiday to Borneo…
‘It was a working holiday’, said Victoria, ‘where you could study orang-utans in the wild – I have always been interested in apes, so I thought it would be fun.’ The holiday was wonderful, and when Victoria came home she found it very difficult to return to her old life. ‘Suddenly the problems in the store just seemed so trivial.’ Although everybody told her she was mad, she decided to go back university and study biology. Four years later she became a chimpanzee keeper.
For the last two years Victoria has been working at Monday World, a centre in south-west England which looks after apes which have been ill-treated. Many have been rescued from laboratories and circuses all over the world. She works long hours, and the pay isn’t very good, but she loves it. ‘Apes are like a big family, each with their own personality.’
‘I’m really happy now. Since I started working here I feel that I’ve been doing something important, not just wasting my life.’
Past Tenses
The Past Simple Tense
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(Прошедшее простое время)
Past Simple используется для обозначения действия, которое произошло в определенное время в прошлом и время совершения которого уже истекло. Для уточнения момента совершения действия в прошлом при использовании времени Past Simple обычно используются такие слова, как five days ago (пять дней назад), last year (в прошлом году), yesterday (вчера), in 1980 (в 1980 году) и т.п.
Образование Past Simple
Утвердительные предложения:
| I played | We played |
| You played | You played |
| He / she / it played | They played |
Вопросительные предложения:
| Did I play? | Did we play? |
| Did you play? | Did you play? |
| Did he / she / it play? | Did they play? |
Отрицательные предложения:
| I did not play | We did not play |
| You did not play | You did not play |
| He / she / it did not play | They did not play |
Для того, чтобы поставить английский глагол во время Past Simple, нужно использовать его «вторую форму». Для большинства глаголов она образуется прибавлением окончания -ed:
examine – examined, enjoy – enjoyed, close – closed
Однако есть также достаточно большая группа неправильных английских глаголов, которые образуют форму прошедшего времени не по общим правилам, для них форму прошедшего времени нужно просто запомнить.
We saw your dog two blocks from here.
Мы видели вашу собаку в двух кварталах отсюда.
В вопросительном предложении перед подлежащим нужно использовать вспомогательный глагол do в прошедшем времени – did, а после подлежащего поставить основной, значимый глагол в начальной форме:
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Did you wash your hands?
Ты помыл руки?
Did they sign the contract?
Они подписали контракт?
В отрицательных предложениях перед глаголом нужно поставить вспомогательный глагол did и отрицательную частицу not:
We did not find our car.
Мы не нашли свою машину.
I did not understand this question.
Я не понял этот вопрос.
Случаи употребления Past Simple:
- Указание на простое действие в прошлом:
I saw Jeremy in the bank.
Я видел Джереми в банке.
- Регулярные, повторяющиеся действия в прошлом:
The old man often visited me.
Старик часто меня навещал.
I noticed this charming shop girl each time I went to buy something.
Я замечал эту очаровательную продавщицу каждый раз, когда шел за покупками.
- Перечисление последовательности действий в прошлом:
I heard a strange sound, looked back, and saw a huge cat sitting on the table.
Я услышал странный звук, обернулся и увидел здоровенного кота, сидящего на столе.
Указатели времени
Время совершения действия ясно из контекста или ситуации или указывается соответствующими обстоятельственными словами и выражениями, обозначающими прошедшее время, такими, как: yesterday (вчера), the day before yesterday (позавчера), last year (в прошлом году), ago (какое-то время назад), the other day (на днях), in 1990 (в 1990).
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