Тема: Кости скелета. Местоимение.
Личные, притяжательные и возвратно-усилительные местоимения
Местоимение - это часть речи, употребляемая в предложении вместо существительного или прилагательного, реже - наречия. Местоимение не называет лицо, признак или предмет, а лишь адресует нас к нему (уже упомянутому ранее): Ann asked Peter a question . He answered her . Анна задала Пете вопрос. Он ответил ей.
| Личные, притяжательные и возвратные местоимения | ||||||
| число | лицо | личные местоимения | притяжательные местоимения | возвратные местоиме ния | ||
| именительный падеж | объектный падеж | основная форма | абсолютная форма | |||
| Ед. ч. | 1-е | I я | me меня, мне | my мой | mine | myself |
| 2-е | you ты, вы | you тебя, тебе | your твой, ваш | yours | yourself | |
| 3-е (м. р.) | he он | him его, ему | his его | his | himself | |
| 3-е (ж. р.) | she она | her ее, ей | her ее | hers | herself | |
| 3-е (неодуш.) | it оно, он, она | it его, ему, ее, ей | its его, ее | its | itself | |
| Мн. ч. | 1-е | we мы | us нас, нам | our наш | ours | ourselves |
| 2-е | you вы | you вас, вам | your ваш | yours | yourselves | |
| 3-е | they они | them их, им | their их | theirs | themselves | |
В английском языке возвратные местоимения образуются добавлением -self (ед.ч) или -selves (мн.ч) к личным местоимениям в объектном падеже: him, her, it, them и притяжательным местоимениям в основной форме: my, your, our.
I — myself
you — yourself
he – himself
she – herself
it — itself
we — ourselves
you — yourselves
they – themselves
Возвратное местоимение oneself образуется от неопределенного местоимения one + self. Возвратно-усилительные местоимения в зависимости от числа и рода переводятся: сам, сама, само (единственное число), сами, самих (множественное число), себя, себе (единственное и множественное число) и т. д.
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Задание №1
Переведите следующие слова и выражения по теме «Скелет человека»:
braincase, breastbone, carpus, clavicle, condyle, coracoids, cranium, skull, femur, hallux, humerus, ilium, knee, mandible, lower jaw, maxillary bone, upper jaw, metacarpus.
Задание №2
Заполните пропуски личными или возвратно-усилительными местоимениями.
1. He is quitе right, I agree with … completely.
2. I looked at … in the mirror and left the house in a very good mood.
3. “Who is it?” — “It’s …. . May I come in?”
4. Mr. Lloyds is very fat … weighs over a hundred kilos?
5. .… introduced his wife to the quests.
6. Where shall … meet, Bob?
7. James took the book and opened ….
8. We don’t dress … for dinner here.
9. I taught … to play the guitar.
10. Selfish people only care about …
Задание№3
Заполните пропуски притяжательными местоимениями.
1. I left … car in the garage.
2. Mary hung … coat on the peg.
3. Jack had … hair cut.
4. Neil and David ate … supper.
5. I hope you enjoy … holiday.
6. We’ll invite you round to … house sometime.
7. You must make up … own mind.
8. The children had to cook … own supper.
9. Bill borrowed Jenny’s car … own car was being repaired.
10. I’ll bring … own sheets and towels.
11. Every dog had … own special basket to sleep in.
12. You should do … own washing up.
Задание №4
Ответьте на вопросы по теме «Скелет человека».
1. What are the parts of the upper extremity?
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2. Where is the brain?
3. How many bones are there in the skeleton?
4. What is the skeleton?
5. What are the vertebrae in the in the spinal column?
6. What is the skull?
7. What is the most important part of the skeleton?
8. How many pairs of ribs are there in the chest?
Задание №5
Просмотрите текст и найдите ответы на вопросы.
1. Is the backbone the most important part of the body?
2. What classes do the naturalists divide all the animals into?
3. What does the skull include?
4. The bones of the trunk include the spinal column, the ribs and the breastbone, don't they?
5. How does the wrist work?
The Bones of a Skeleton
1. The bones form the skeleton of the body. The most important part of the skeleton is the backbone. It is so important that naturalists divided all animals into two classes - those which have a backbone and those which have none. All the higher animals have a backbone, or vertebral column and they are therefore called vertebrate animals. The others are called invertebrate animals.
2. The bones which form the skeleton or bony framework of the body include the bones of the head, the bones of the trunk, the bones of the lower and upper limbs.
3. At the upper end of the backbone there is the skull. Inside the skull is the brain. The bones of the head include the bones which make up the box-like structure, the skull, and freely movable bone which forms our lower jaw.
4. There is another box of bones in front of the backbone. The ribs, which join the backbone behind and bend round towards the breastbone in front, form a strong cage - the chest, inside of which there is the heart and the lungs. The bones of the trunk include the spinal column, the ribs and the breastbone.
5. The arms join the body at the shoulder, and the shoulder itself consists of two bones - the collar-bone in front, and the shoulder-blade behind. Between the shoulder and the elbow there is only one bone in the arm, but between the elbow and the wrist there are two. In the wrist there are eight small bones. They are bound together, but their large number allows the wrist to bend freely. Next come the bones of the hand itself. In the body or palm of the hand there are five long bones - one for each finger and one for the thumb. Each of the fingers has three bones, and the thumb has two. Thus we have twenty-seven bones in the framework of the hand and wrist alone.
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Задание №6
Составьте краткое сообщение по теме «Кости скелета», используя и следующие выражения:
The skull includes .... .
The trunk consists of .... .
The arms form the body at .... .
The bones form .... .
There are .... bones in .... .
The spinal canal contains ....
Задание №7
Замените слова в скобках соответствующими личными местоимениями.
1. …. is dreaming. (George)
2. …. is green. (the blackboard)
3. …. are on the wall. (the posters)
4. …. is running. (the dog)
5. …. are watching TV. (my mother and I)
6. …. are in the garden. (the flowers)
7. …. is riding his bike. (Tom)
8. …. is from Bristol. (Victoria)
9. …. has got a brother. (Diana)
10. Have … got a computer, Mandy?
Контрольные вопросы:
1. Какие английские местоимения изменяются по падежам?
2. Какие английские местоимения изменяются по форме?
3. Когда употребляется абсолютная форма притяжательных местоимений?
4. Как переводятся возвратно-усилительные местоимения в зависимости от числа и рода?
Практическое занятие №2 0
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