Тема: Виды мышц и тканей. Местоимения little, few, much, many.
В английском языке выделяют следующие местоименные прилагательные:
much, many - "много" little, few - "мало"
Much, little определяют неисчисляемые существительные:
- There is much snow in the street. – На улице много снега
- There is little sugar in my tea. – В моём чае мало сахара.
Many, few ставятся перед исчисляемыми существительными:
- There are many spoons on the table, but there are few knives on it. – На столе много ложек, но мало ножей.
Little, few в сочетании с неопределённым артиклем образуют устойчивые сочетания со следующими значениями: a few - "несколько", a little - "немного"
A little - "немного" и a few - "несколько" употребляются в смысле "некоторое, хотя и небольшое количество", в то время как little и few - "мало" употребляются в смысле "недостаточно, почти нет".
| I've got little time. У меня мало (недостаточно) времени. | I've got a little time. У меня есть немного времени. |
| He has few friends. У него мало (почти нет) друзей. | He has a few friends. У него есть несколько друзей. |
Задание №1
Переведите следующие выражения по теме “Мышцы и ткани в организме человека » на русский язык : type of muscle tissue, a huge net of muscles, response to the effect of temperature, to respond to certain chemicals in the blood, to react quickly to changes in the environment, voluntary muscles, involuntary muscles.
Задание №2
Выберите правильный вариант ответа.
1. They’re going away for a few/a little days.
2. I think you’ve put too many/too much sugar in your tea.
3. How many/much time have we got left?
4. Do you know much/many foreign people? - No, I don’t. I know very few/a few.
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5. He’s got little/a little time. He can play football.
6. We’ve got little/a little coffee. It’s not enough for all of us.
7. There are a few/few sweets in the box. It’s almost empty.
8. I’ve got few/a few apples. I can make some juice.
Задание№3
Ответьте на вопросы по теме «Мышцы и ткани в организме человека».
1. How many types of muscular tissue are there?
2. How do we sometimes call smooth muscles?
3. What is the another name of striated muscles?
4. What is the difference between the cardiac and skeletal muscles?
Задание №4
Прочитайте текст.
Types of Muscles
A. Muscle is a tissue composed of bundles of elongated cells capable of contraction and relaxation to produce movement in an organ or a part of the body.
B. Muscles are very important for two major reasons:
1. Muscles are the "engine" that our bodies use to propel ourselves. They turn energy into motion.
2. It would be impossible for you to do anything without your muscles.
C. Muscles simply move you! Without muscles you couldn't open your mouth, speak, shake hands, walk, talk, or move your food through your digestive system. There would be no running, climbing, smiling, blinking and breathing. The fact is, without muscles, you wouldn't be alive for very long.
D. On average, 40% of your body weight is in muscles. You have over 650 muscles that move you.
E. The cells that make up muscles contract and then relax back to original size. The cells of your muscles use chemical energy from the food you eat to do this. Without food, and particular kinds of nutrients, your muscles wouldn't be able to make the energy to contract. Muscles can be voluntary and involuntary. Voluntary muscles are muscles that you can move whenever you want to. Involuntary muscles contract and relax automatically inside your body. We cannot control our involuntary muscles.
F. Yes. If you hear someone says that they have "pulled" a muscle, they have, in fact, torn a muscle in the same way that you can tear a ligament or break a bone. And, like other living body parts, they generally mend themselves.
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G. There are three types of muscles: striated muscles, smooth muscles and cardiac muscles. Smooth muscles make up the walls of the internal organs and control their movement. They are involuntary muscles. Striated muscles move bones. They muscles work in pairs. When one contracts, the other relaxes. These muscles are attached to bone by tendons. They are voluntary muscles. Cardiac muscles make up the heart and control its contractions.
Задание №5
Распределите предложения по группам мышц. Используя таблицу, составьте устное высказывание о каждой группе мышц.
| Smooth muscles | Striated muscles | Cardiac muscles |
| … | … | … |
1. They are special fibrous tissues of the body.
2. They are involuntary muscles.
3. They are voluntary muscles.
4. They are attached to bones by tendons.
5. They make up the walls of the internal organs.
6. They manipulate the bones of the skeleton.
7. They control the contractions of the heart.
8. They contract and relax automatically inside your body.
9. You can move these muscles when you want.
10. They turn energy into motion.
11. These muscles work in pairs: when one contracts, the other relaxes.
12. These muscles make up the heart.
Задание №6
Исправьте ошибки в предложениях.
1. There isn’t many milk in the fridge.
2. How much tomatoes do you need?
3. There’re a few people at the theatre. It’s almost empty.
4. There is many juice in the cartoon.
5. This dress doesn’t cost many money.
6. How much tigers are there in the zoo?
7. I would like a little biscuits to drink with tea.
8. We’ve got few ham. We can’t make any hamburgers.
Контрольные вопросы:
1. Какие местоимения употребляются с исчисляемыми существительными?
2. Какие местоимения употребляются с неисчисляемыми существительными?
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3. Какая разница между местоимениями little – a little?
4. Какая разница между местоимениями few – a few?
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