THE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSES
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
I. FORMATION
| № | person /number | affirmative | interrogative | negative |
| 1 | I We You They | I have been working. | Have you been working? | They haven’t been working. |
| 2 | He She It | He has been working. | Has he been working? | She hasn’t been working. |
II. USE
| Situation 1 We use the Present Perfect Continuous | Situation 2 |
| when we talk about an action which began in the past, has been going on up to the present and is still going on.. | when we talk about an action which has been recently in progress but is no longer going on at present. |
| They have been learning French since 2009. She has been teaching English for 5 years. Она преподаёт уже 5 лет . | Her eyes are red. I think she has been crying. His hands are dirty. He has been repairing the car. Он чинил машину |
COMPARE
Present Continuous Present Perfect Continuous
When? – (now) How long?
What are you doing? - I am washing up. I’ve been washing up for half an hour already.
Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous
(we focus on the result) (we focus on the action)
The walls are blue. She has paint on her clothes.
She has painted the walls. She’s been painting the walls.
Ex. 1. Look at the pictures. What has a person been doing in each one?
Ex. 2. Put the verbs in brackets in Present Continuous or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. What you (look) at? – I (look) at that picture over there. I (look) at it for almost half an hour and I still can’t understand what it is. 2. What Mary (do)? – She (work) on the computer. She (sit) at it since lunch. I think she should have a rest. 3. Tom, here you are at last! I (look) for you everywhere. 4. Why you (smile), Robert? – I (watch) your kitten. It’s so funny. 5. I see you (do) your homework all the evening. Is it the last exercise you (write)? 6. He (sit) here for an hour. ... he (wait) for anybody? 7. How long they (study) French? – For three years already. 8. She (work) at her paper since Monday. Now she (write) the conclusion. 9. Where is Mum? – She (rest) in the garden all day. 10. Don’t wake him. He only (sleep) for two hours. 11. Where’s Dave? – He (try) to repair the television. 12. He (wash) his hands. He just (repair) the television. 13. Why they (laugh)? – Jim (tell) them his stories again. 14. It’s six o’clock. I (wait) for Jane for forty minutes already. I must be off.
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Ex. 3. Put the verbs in brackets in Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. ... you (pass) your exam in English? 2. I (try) to learn Japanese for years, but I can’t say I (make) any progress yet. 3. This book (lie) here for weeks. ... you (not read) it yet? 4. He (wait) for her since 7 o’clock and she (not come) yet. 5. She (read) “The Catcher in the Rye” for the last two weeks and (enjoy) every word of it. 6. I (think) about you all day. 7. Jake never (be) to this new club before. 8. She is very angry with you. You (sit) here all the time and (do) nothing. 9. I (be) so busy this week, I just (have) no time to speak to him. 10. I (know) him all my life and we always (be) good friends. 11. I am tired. I (cook) all morning. 12 I just (talk) to him. He agrees to help us. 13. We (join) the English club to have a better command of English. 14. They (gossip) all the time; it seems they have nothing else to talk about. 15. You never (swim) in the ocean, have you?
Ex. 4. Use the present perfect, the present continuous or the present perfect continuous tense.
1. – How long you (wait) for me here? – Not long. I just (come). 2. – …… she still (bake) pancakes? – Yes, she (make) nineteen and she wants to make some more. She (stand) near that cooker for an hour already. 3. He (drive) a bus since he was twenty. 4. Look, Danny (ride) a bike! It’s the first time he (ride) it. 5. – Why you (look) at me so attentively? – I (watch) you for some time, but I can’t understand what you (change) in your appearance. – I just (have) my hair cut. – Oh! 6. I (have) a bad stomachache. I (eat) too many chocolates. 7. I (have) a headache. I (watch) TV for too long. 8. What you (do) all this time? 9. What you (do) with my pen? It doesn’t write. 10. What you (do) with your Daddy’s newspaper, Johnny? Put it on the table, please. 11. – Look! He (smoke) again. …….. he (not give) it up? – It’s no easy thing for him. He (smoke) for ten years already and (become) really addicted to it. 12. – You look really tired. ………….you (study) too much? – Yes. I (work) at my paper on Linguistics and I (not finish) it yet. 13. He (make) films since 1987 and they (win) two Oscars already. Now he (work) on his new blockbuster. 14. They (know) each other since their childhood. 15. She (slim) for two months already, but (not lose) any weight so far.
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PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
I. FORMATION
| person /number | affirmative | interrogative | negative |
| I, We, You, They, He, She, It | I had been working. | Had you been working? | He hadn’t been working. |
II. USE
| Situation 1 | when we talk about an action | Situation 2 | when we talk about an action |
| which began before a definite moment in the past, continued up to that moment and was still going on at that moment
| that had been in progress before a definite moment in the past. | ||
| We couldn’t go out because it had been raining hard since early morning. | Her eyes were red. Obviously, she had been crying. | ||
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
I. FORMATION
| person /number | affirmative | interrogative | negative |
| I, We, You, He, She, It, They | I will have been working. | Will you have been working? | He won’t have been working. |
II. USE
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| rule | example |
| when we talk about an action which will begin before a definite moment in the future, will continue up to that moment and will be going on at that moment. | I will have been studying English for 9 years by September. |
Note. We use Perfect tenses instead of Perfect Continuous tenses
1) with the verbs of state not used in the continuous form
He has known Jack since 2005. He hadn’t heard from her for a year, when he got that letter.
They will have been here for six years next week.
2) sometimes with verbs of action in negative sentences
I haven’t eaten since lunch. (= I haven’t been eating since lunch)
I was worried. She hadn’t phoned me for 2 weeks. (=She hadn’t been phoning me for 2 weeks.)
She won't have phoned me for a week tomorrow. (=She won’t have been phoning me for a week.)
3) sometimes with verbs which denote progressive actions
She has lived here for twenty years. (= She has been living here for twenty years)
He had worked there for ten years, when the accident happened. (He had been working there ...)
He will have travelled for a month tomorrow. (He will have been travelling for a month tomorrow.)
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