Neurobiological effects of SKY
We also studied other neurobiological effects of SKY in depression. P300 event related potential is an electrophysiological measure of cognitive function in CNS. P300 amplitude was significantly lower in both dysthymia and MDD patients than in normal control group15-16. P300 'normalized' after a course of SKY treatment, paralleling clinical remission from depression16. Plasma prolactin levels significantly rose acutely after one SKY session in male dysthymia patients (n=12)8 as well as in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients of both sexes (n=36)17. Levels of a stress-hormone -cortisol- did not change8 suggesting that prolactin elevation was a selective neurobiological effect (through hypothalamo-pituitary system).
Twenty of the 36 patients with major depressive disorder completed three-week therapy with SKY in the hospital17. Significant reductions in BDI and HRSD scores occurred over three weeks. Blood was sampled at pre- and post-SKY session on day-3 (n=36) and similarly on day-21 (n=20). Cortisol levels were assayed in these coded serum samples. The pre- and post-SKY cortisol levels (mcg/dl) on day-3 did not differ (11.0±4.2 and 10.7±4.2). On day-21 however, the post-SKY cortisol levels were significantly lower than pre-SKY levels (9.7±3.7 and 7.5±3.0; P<0.02). Significant reduction in cortisol level following the SKY session at third week suggested anti-stress effects of continued SKY practice.
In summary, clinical trials on using SKY as a treatment in depression are encouraging. There are some challenges. We have not demonstrated efficacy of SKY against a placebo treatment. Although ethically difficult, this is a desired standard in clinical trials. Other clinical questions are: I) Is SKY a good alternative in place of drugs for outpatient depressives and II) Is SKY effective in drug-resistant depression. Biological effects and their relation to therapeutic effects of SKY is another potential area for further research. This can bring to light the therapeutic mechanisms of action of SKY.
References
1. Greenberg PE, Stiglin LE, Finkelstein SN et al. The economic burden of depression in 1990. J. lin. Psychiatry, 1993, 544: 405-418.
2. 
Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Global mortality, disability, and the contribution of risk factors: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet. 1997; 349:1436-1442.
3. Robins L, Regier DA, eds. Psychiatric Disorder in America, New York, NY: Free Press. 1991.
4. Chadda R.K. Presentation of affective disorders in Indian clinics. In Affective Disorders: The Indian Scene. Eds: Kulhara P, Avasthi A, Sharan P. Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh. 2000; 45- 52.
|
|
|
5. Royal College of Psychiatrists: Memorandum on the use of ECT. Brit. J. Psychiatry 1977; 131: 261-272.
6. Meti BL. Desiraju T. Study of changes in EEG and autonomic parameters after 4 months of initiation and practice of pranayama, Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1984; 28:34-38. -
7. Yoga Research Group. Treating depression with Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY). Department of Health Education, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore- 560029, India, 1995.
8. Janakiramaiah N, Gangadhar BN, Naga Venkatesha Murthy PJ, Shetty KT, Subbakrishna DK, Meti BL, Raju TR and Vedamurthachar A. Therapeutic efficacy of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) in dysthymic disorder. NIMHANS Journal, 1998; 16: 21-28.
9.American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders. 4lh Edition. Washington, 1994.
10.Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 1960; 23:56-62.
11.Guy W. ECDEU assessment manual for psychopharmacology. Rockville, Maryland, NIMH, PP 1976; 217-222.
12. Janakiramaiah N, Gangadhar BN, Naga Venkatesha Murthy PJ, Harish MG, Subbakrishna DK, Vedamurthachar A. Antidepressant efficacy of sudarshan kriya yoga (sky) in melancholia: a randomized comparison with ECT and imipramine. Journal of Affective Disorders,
2000; 57: 255-259.
13.Rohini V, Pandey RS, Janakiramaiah N, Gangadhar BN, Vedamurthachar A. A comparative study of full and partial Sudarshan Kriya Yoga in major depressive disorder.
NIMHANS Journal, (in press).
14.Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1961; 4:561-571.
15.Gangadhar BN, Ancy J, Janakiramaiah N, Umapathy C. P300 amplitude in non-bipolar, melancholic depression. J Affect Disord 1993; 28: 57-60.
16.Naga Venkatesha Murthy PJ, Gangadhar BN, Janakiramaiah N and Subbakrishna DK. Normalization of P300 amplitude following treatment in dysthymia. Biological Psychiatry, 42: 740-743,1997.
17.Sudarsan B. Biochemical effects of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) in depressive patients. Unpublished MD Dissertation submitted to NIMHANS, Bangalore. 1999
Дата добавления: 2019-02-22; просмотров: 141; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы! |
Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!