Определите, истинно или ложно утверждение. Исправьте ложные утверждения информацией из текста (письменно).
1. Tetralogy of Fallot is a combination of 3 birth defects.
2. These defects together change the structure of the heart and the blood flow in it becomes abnormal.
3. The condition was first described in the 19th century.
4. VSD is a hole in the pericardium.
5. The septum doesn’t let oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix.
6. The blood in the left ventricle is low in oxygen.
7. The blood in the right ventricle is high in oxygen.
8. When there is right ventricular hypertrophy the muscular wall of the right ventricle is too thick.
9. The aorta carries the blood high in oxygen to the lungs.
10. In a normal heart the aorta is above the left ventricle.
11. When there is pulmonary stenosis the pulmonary valve is too thick.
12. The pulmonary artery carries high-oxygen blood to the lungs.
13. When there is pulmonary stenosis the heart doesn’t work much to pump the blood to the lungs.
Рис. 1
Ответьте на вопросы по тексту (письменно).
1. What is tetralogy of Fallot?
2. When was the condition first described?
3. What is VSD?
4. How does the septum act?
5. What happens in case of VSD?
6. What is right ventricular hypertrophy?
7. What happens in case of displaced aorta?
8. What is pulmonary stenosis?
9. How does the heart work if there is pulmonary stenosis?
Part II
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The causes of tetralogy of Fallot are not known. But a person who was born with TOF is likely to have a child with it. Mothers who have rubella or other viral illnesses during their pregnancies are at a higher risk of giving birth to babies with TOF. Other risk factors and conditions include poor nutrition, alcohol abuse, diabetes, and mother's age (over 40). Children with genetic disorders often have congenital heart defects.
One of the most common signs of tetralogy of Fallot is cyanosis (a blue colour of the baby's skin, lips, and fingernails). A child with TOF may have sudden episodes of cyanosis, during crying or feeding. Other signs include: heart murmur, easy tiring with exertion, difficulty breathing, rapid heartbeat.
The doctor may use several diagnostic tests to determine tetralogy of Fallot, including:
- Pulse oximeter: a small sensor that clips onto the fingertip, toe, or ear and measures how much oxygen is in the blood.
- Electrocardiogram: a test that records the electrical activity of the heart
- Echocardiogram: an ultrasound picture of the heart structures (chambers, walls, and valves).
- Chest x- ray.
There is an open-heart surgery made soon after birth or later in infancy to repair tetralogy of Fallot.
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1. Заполните таблицу информацией из текста (письменно).
| Possible causes of the condition | |
| Signs | |
| Diagnostic tests | |
| Treatment |
2. Соедините пары синонимов (письменно):
1. fatigue A. blue colour of the skin
2. dyspnea……………………………………………………………B. rapid heartbeat
3. cyanosis………………………………………………………………..C. easy tiring
4. abnormal heart tones……………………………………………...D. breathlessness.
5. palpitations…………………………………………………………E. heart murmur
Заполните пропуски. Переведите сообщение, в котором педиатр говорит родителям о пороке сердца у новорожденного (письменно).
BLUE, HEART DEFECT, DYSPNEA, NORMAL LIFE, STRUCTURE, BREATHING, BIRTH, BLOOD FLOW, OPEN-HEART SURGERY, ABNORMAL.
A two-week baby with tetralogy of Fallot is accompanied by his parents at the pediatrician’s office
Doctor: Your baby has a __________, which developed before ___________. He was born looking _________and having problems _____________. The ________of his heart and the ____________in it are______________. It causes your baby’s __________and difficulty in feeding. There is an ______________ for this condition and it is rather successful. Your baby is very much likely to go on to lead a_______________
UNIT 11.
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BABY HEART DEFECT TEST COULD SAVE LIVES
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Congenital heart defects (CHDs) affect around one in every 145 babies. They are traditionally detected by ultrasound during pregnancy or by listening to the heart after birth; however, the success rate is low. A study of 20,055 newborns showed that testing oxygen in the blood was more successful than other checks available.
Doctors at six maternity hospitals in the UK used pulse oximeters to detect levels of oxygen in the blood. If the levels were too low, or varied between the hands and feet, more detailed examinations took place. The test takes less than five minutes and it found 75% of the most serious abnormalities. In combination with traditional
methods, 92% of cases were detected.
Some defects are inoperable, but thanks to advances in surgery most of them can be corrected. Early and rapid detection is the key for greater survival.
Not all babies who are born with a heart defect will show any signs or symptoms (such as shortness of breath or cyanosis, i.e. blue lips and skin), so problems can go unnoticed. This is a promising piece of research which shows how a quick and simple test could help to detect more heart defects and save more lives.
Рис. 2
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