Перепишите следующие рецептурные указания, расшифровывая все сокращения.
1) Fluoxetine (Prozac) 20 mg po bid
2) Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) 10 mg 2 tab q 4-6 h
3) Ranitidine (Zantac) 300 mg 1 tab pc qd
4) Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) 60 mg 1 cap qid for 15 days
5) Britapen 1 gr IM q 6 h
10. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний: зависимость, привыкание к чрезмерному употреблению лекарственных средств; аддитивное, добавляющее действие; противопоказание; идиосинкразия, повышенная чувствительность к действию лекарственных средств; побочное действие; синергизм, совместное действие; переносимость, толерантность к лекарственному средству.
Drug Action and Drug Toxicity
After the drugs have been absorbed into the blood-stream they may show some action and interaction in the organism. The following phenomena may be observed:
Additive Action. The combination of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effect of each.
Idiosyncrasy. This is unexpected effect that may appear in the patient following administration of a drug. Idiosyncratic reactions are produced in very few patients but may be life threatening in those few instances.
A combination of two drugs can sometimes cause an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug given alone. This phenomenon is called synergism or potentiation.
Tolerance. The effect of a given dose diminishes as treatment goes on, and increasing amounts are needed to produce the same effect. Tolerance is the feature of addiction to drugs.
Addiction is the physical and psychological dependence on and craving for a drug and the presence of clear effects when that drug or other agent is withdrawn.
Drug toxicity is the poisonous and potentially dangerous effects of some drugs. Some types of drug toxicity are more or less predictable and are based on the dosage of the given drug.
Side effects are toxic effects that routinely result from the use of a drug. They often occur with the usual therapeutic dosage of a drug and are generally tolerable.
Contraindications are factors in a patient‘s condition that make the use of a drug dangerous and ill advised.
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Ответьте на вопросы .
1) What phenomena may be observed in the patient‘s condition after the drugs have been absorbed into the bloodstream?
2) What is additive action?
3) How is unexpected effect of the drug appeared in the patient called?
4) Is potentiation (or synergism) equal to the sum of the individual effects of each drug given alone?
5) What does the term «tolerance» mean?
6) What is the difference between the side effects and contraindication?
Перепишите предложения, используя слова и выражения из текста.
1) After the drugs have been absorbed into the bloodstream they may show some effect and mutual effect in the organism.
2) Idiosyncrasy is a sudden unpredictable effect that may appear in the patient.
3) Idiosyncratic reactions may be dangerous to life.
4) In case of tolerance the effect of a given dose decreases as the treatment continues, and elevated amounts are needed to achieve the same effect.
5) Side effects are poisonous effects that usually result from the use of a drug.
6) Contraindications make the use of a drug life-threatening and irrecomended .
Дайте определения следующим понятиям.
Additive action _________________________
Idiosyncrasy ___________________________
Synergism or potentiation ________________
Tolerance _____________________________
Addiction _____________________________
Side effect ____________________________
Contraindication ________________________
Измените предложения, употребляю вместо прилагательных наречия.
ОБРАЗЕЦ : Drugs may be administered by enteral route.- Drugs may be administered enterally.
In oral route drugs are given by mouth. - __________ drugs are given by mouth.
These tablets are for sublingual administration.- These tablets should be taken________
The parenteral route means any route other than through the digestive tract. - _________ means other than through the digestive tract.
Subcutaneous injection is given under the skin. - This injection is given___________
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The buttock or upper arm is usually the site for the intramuscular injection. -.
Intravenous injection is given directly into a vein. -
There is no safe introduction of the drug into the tissues. –
The topical route is used for ointments and creams.-
These suppositories are for rectal administration.-
Dispersible tablets are characterized by rapid disintegration.-
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