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UNIT I . DRUG NAMES
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Drugs and Drug Names
Drugs are chemical or biological substances used in the prevention or treatment of disease or to alter bodily functions, such as mood, behaviour, or performance, in a beneficial way. Drugs can come from many different sources. Some drugs are obtained from parts of plants, such as the roots, leaves, and fruit. Examples of such drugs are digitalis (from the foxglove plant) and antibiotics such as penicillin and erythromycin. Drugs can also be obtained from animals; for example, certain hormones are secretions from the glands of animals. Drugs can be made as chemical substances that are synthesized in the laboratory. Anticancer drugs may be examples of laboratory-synthesized drugs. Some drugs are isolated from plant or animal sources and are contained in food substances. These drugs are called vitamins.
Drugs are prepared and dispensed by a pharmacist through a drugstore or pharmacy on written order from a physician or dentist.
A drug can have three different names. The chemical name is the chemical formula for the drug. This name, often long and complicated, is useful for the chemist because it shows the structure of the drug.
The generic, or official, name is a shorter, less complicated name that is recognized as identifying the drug for legal and scientific purposes. The generic name becomes public property after some years of use by original manufacturer, and any drug manufacturer may use it thereafter. There is only one generic name for each drug.
The brand (trade or proprietary) name is the private property of the individual drug
manufacturer, and no competitor (конкурент) may use it. A brand name often has the superscript ® after or before the name, indicating that it is a registered trade name. Drugs may have several brand names because each manufacturer producing a drug gives it a different name. When a specific brand name is ordered on a prescription by a physician, it must be dispensed by the pharmacist; no other brand name may be substituted. It is usual practice to capitalize the first letter or a brand name.
The following list shows the chemical, generic, and brand names of the antibiotic drug ampicillin; note that the drug can have several names but only one generic, or official, name:
Chemical Name
derivative of 6-aminopenicillanic acid
Generic Name ampicillin
Brand Name
Omnipen
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Polycillin
Principen
Totacillin
Прочитайте и переведите предложения, определите, являются ли они верными или ложными. Исправьте ложные утверждения .
1) There are many different sources of drugs.
2) The only function of a drug is to prevent or treat diseases.
3) The drugs are dispensed on written order from a physician and over-the-counter.
4) The chemical name is the chemical formula for the drug and shows its structure.
5) Each drug may have several generic names.
6) The brand name is the private property of the individual drug manufacturer.
7) Drugs may have only one brand name.
Ответьте на вопросы.
1) What are drugs? What are they used for?
2) What are the sources of drugs?
3) Are antibiotics obtained from plants?
4) What drugs are called vitamins?
5) Where and by whom are drugs prepared and dispensed?
6) What names can a drug have?
7) What name shows the structure of the drug?
8) Which one is the only name for each drug?
9) What is the brand name?
10) Which name may be used by competitors and which one may not?
11) Why may drugs have several brand names?
12) What is special about brand names?
Дополните предложения словами, начинающимися с указанных букв. Задайте общий вопрос к каждому предложению .
1) D___ are chemical or biological substances used in the p___ or treatment of disease.
2) Properly chosen drugs a___ person‘s condition in a beneficial way.
3) Some drugs are o___ from parts of p___: roots, leaves or fruit.
4) Glands of humans and animals secrete h___.
5) Pharmacologists also s___ drugs in the laboratories.
6) The c___ name is the chemical f___ for the drug.
7) The g___ or o___ name is a shorter, less complicated name than the chemical name.
8) The brand name is the private p___ of the individual drug manufacturer.
9) Drugs may have several t___ names.
10) When a specific brand name is ordered on a prescription, a pharmacist must d___ it.
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Дополните вопросы .
1) What __________? Drugs can be obtained from plants and animals.
2) __________? No, drugs can also be made as chemical laboratory-synthesized substances.
3) What __________? Drugs are used in prevention or treatment of disease or to alter beneficially body functions, mood, behaviour.
4) Where __________? Vitamins are contained in food substances.
5) What __________? Pharmacies or drugstores dispense drugs.
6) __________, isn‘t it? Yes, the chemical name is the chemical formula for the drug.
7) How many __________? There is only one generic name for each drug.
8) Why __________? Because each manufacturer producing a drug gives a different name to it.
9) How __________? The brand name and generic name are differentiated by the first letter, and the brand name usually has a superscript.
6. Распределите следующие слова и словосочетания по группам: Chemical Name ; Generic Name ; Brand Name .
dodecamethylendimethacrylate; Procardia®; nifedinipe; 3, 5 – pyridinedicarboxylic acid; Argosulfan®; Mucomyst®; argentum sulfathiazolum; sulfonamide; acetylcysteine; N-acetyl derivative of cysteine amino acid; Charisma®; acrylate; Tylenol; Imodium; loperamide; acetaminophen.
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