The use of articles with geographical names
| Zero Article | Indefinite Article | Definite Article | ||
| 1 | Continents | Europe; Asia; Antarctica modified by some descriptive attributes in pre-position*, · North America Central Asia | · | limitation clear from the context, e.g. It was the Europe of 1600s. |
| 2 | Countries | is used if the names consist of one word Ukraine; England; Poland | indicates some unusual qualities or mood in the given situation It was a new Italy Marko did not recognize. | is used if the names consist of more than one word · the United States of America · the United Emirates · the United Kingdom indicates traditional use · the Argentine (but Argentina) · the Netherlands · (the) Lebanon; (the) Congo; (the) Senegal; (the) Kameroon; (the) Sudan |
| 3 | Regions and provinces | Kharkiv Region, | indicates traditional use · the Lake District · the Caucasus; the Crimea · the Ruhr; the Tyrol; the Riviera; the Transvaal; the Saar | |
| 4 | Cities, towns, villages | · London (city) · Broadstairs (town) · Middlemead (village) | to show some unusual qualities or mood in the given situation It was a different Paris unknown to him. | 1. clear from the situation, usually with a limiting attribute, e.g. It was not the France of his youth. 2. with an ‘of-phrase’, e.g. the city of Chester; the village of Amberley 3. an exception - the Hague |
| 5 | Mountains,mountain passes and islands | separate mountains, peaks and islands · Snowdon · Mount Everest · Cyprus | mountain chains and groups of islands · the Rocky Mountains · the Bahamas · the Saint Gottard Pass · the Isle of Man (of-phrase) | |
| 6 | Lakes | with the word ‘lake’ Lake Michigan; Silver Lake | without the word ‘lake’ the Michigan, the Windermere | |
| 7 | Oceans, seas, rivers, straights, channels, canals, waterfalls, bays, gulfs | · the Indian Ocean · the North Sea · the Trent (a river in England) · the Magellan Straits (the Strait of Magellan) · the English Channel · the Panama Canal · the Niagara Falls · North Bay (but the San Francisco Bay) · the Gulf of Mexico | ||
| 8 | Peninsulas and capes | · Hindustan · Labrador · Cape Horn · Cape Province | with the word ‘peninsula’ · the Hindustan Peninsula with ‘of – phrase’ (traditional use) · the Cape of Good Hope | |
| 9 | Deserts | the Sahara Desert | ||
| 10 | Names traditionally used in the plural | · the Midlands · the Netherlands · the Yorkshire Forests | ||
| 11 | Streets, squares, parks | · Baker Street · Drury Lane · Brown Close · Sunset Boulevard · Piccadilly Circus · Hyde Park | traditional use · the Strand (in London) · the High Street · The Main Street · the Mall · the Plaza San Marco |
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* The descriptive attributes that usually modify geographical names in pre-position are: northern, southern, eastern, western, central, minor, south-west (etc.), Latin, ancient, old, new, industrial, medieval, modern,
The use of articles with other proper names
| Zero Article | Definite Article | ||
| 1 | Buildings, bridges | · Waterloo Bridge · Westminster Abbey | traditional use · the Tower (of London) · the White House · the Old Bailey (the Crown Court in the UK) |
| 2 | Airports, railway and bus stations, | · Heathrow Airport · Victoria Station | |
| 3 | Hotels, clubs, restaurants, cafes, pubs | · the Hilton; the Green Hotel · the National Tennis Club · the Restaurant Bretagne · the Café de la Paix · the Headless Woman |
| 4 | Museums, picture galleries, monuments | · the National Gallery · the British Museum · the Washington Monument | |
| 5 | Concert halls, theatres, cinemas | · the Albert Hall · the Old Vic Theatre · the Odeon Cinema | |
| 6 | Ships and boats | · The Titanic · The Seagull | |
| 7 | Newspapers and magazines | · The Daily Mirror · The Financial Times · The Teens; The Vogue | |
| 8 | Names of historical events | · the Paris Commune · the Russian Revolution · the Industrial Revolution · the Napoleonic Wars · the gold rush | |
| 9 | Parties and organizations | · the Conservative Party · The League of nations · the NATO · the European Union |
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Exercise 9. Fill in a, an, the or – (nothing).
1. She spent … adventure holiday in the summer in the heart of Africa.
2. Although it was deep night, he could find his way through … woods.
3. I’m sure I’m doing … right thing.
4. My office is on … third floor of … old building.
5. A career in this field can be … hard work but it’s rewarding.
6. … most trains start badly on cold mornings.
7. Traffic jams are almost unavoidable in … morning rush hour.
8. I had … sandwich in … school canteen for … lunch today.
9. … company wants us to pay for … goods in … advance.
10. Mary lives in … large town in … middle of London but she wants to live in … country.
11. The Department of Linguistics at West Point is located on the west bank of … Hudson River, north of California.
12. … Sahara, the world’s largest desert, extends over eight million square kilometres.
13. … Pacific Ocean keeps … San Francisco cool.
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