Explain an education system in Kazakhstan, provide the historical review of its development. Compare features of the western and Kazakhstan education.
Education in Kazakhstan is a continuous process of education and training, carried out for moral, intellectual, cultural, physical development and the formation of professional competence.
The stages of development of the educational system in independent Kazakhstan are singled out.
(1991-1994) - Formation of the legislative and normative legal framework for higher education.
(1995-1998) - Modernization of the higher education system, updating of its content (Higher education reform in the republic has been most intensively carried out since 1995 [2].).
(1999-2000) - Decentralization of management and financing of education, expansion of academic freedoms of educational organizations.
(2001-2007) - Strategic development of the system of higher and secondary education.
(2005-2010) - the search for optimal ways of adapting the higher education system to the conditions of a market economy.
Public spending
According to the State Program for the Development of Education in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2005-2010, the amount of state budget expenditures required for the implementation of the Program was planned at KZT330,812.0 m.
The budget of the Ministry of Education and Science in 2004 was 31 billion tenge, in 2007-131.5 billion tenge.
In 2012-2014, expenditures on education and science will amount to KZT1,132 billion, namely:
2012 - 365 billion tenge
2011 - 260 billion tenge
In accordance with the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On the Republican Budget for 2013-2015" in 2013, expenditures on education will amount to KZT 469.6 billion [4]
Education in Kazakhstan, universities.
By the nature of educational programs, education in Kazakhstan is divided into general and vocational education. Distinguish the following levels of education: preschool education and training, secondary education, higher and postgraduate professional education.
Secondary education.
Secondary education in Kazakhstan is compulsory and includes secondary general, primary vocational and secondary vocational education. In the first class children are accepted from 6-7 years. The average general education of Kazakhstan contains 3 levels: primary (grades 1-4), basic (grades 5-9) and senior (10-11 grades). To develop the full potential of gifted students, educational programs are being developed, which are implemented in specialized schools for gifted children.
Initial vocational education in Kazakhstan is acquired for 2-3 years in vocational schools and professional lyceums on the basis of basic general education. Secondary vocational education is obtained for 3-4 years in colleges and colleges on the basis of basic general education on a competitive basis.
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Higher education
Higher education in Kazakhstan [5] is acquired on the basis of secondary education. For admission to the university graduates of schools take final and entrance examinations in the form of a single national testing (UNT) or complex testing (for graduates of past years). Citizens of Kazakhstan have the right to award on a competitive basis an international scholarship "Bolashak" for study abroad [6]. At the end of the university graduate receives a bachelor's degree (4 years), a specialist (5 years) or a master's degree (6 years). The second higher education [7] in Kazakhstan is received only on a paid basis with an accelerated period of study (2-3 years).
Public spending
According to the State Program for the Development of Education in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2005-2010, the amount of state budget expenditures required for the implementation of the Program was planned at KZT330,812.0 m.
The budget of the Ministry of Education and Science in 2004 was 31 billion tenge, in 2007-131.5 billion tenge.
In 2012-2014, expenditures on education and science will amount to KZT1,132 billion, namely:
2012 - 365 billion tenge
2011 - 260 billion tenge
In accordance with the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On the Republican Budget for 2013-2015" in 2013, expenditures on education will amount to KZT 469.6 billion
Education languages [edit] edit the code]
In the 1999/2000 school year, 1.6 million of the 3.5 million students in the country's schools were enrolled in Kazakh (50.6%), 1.5 million in Russian (45%), 80 thousand in Uzbek (2, 3%), 23 thousand - in Uighur (0.6%), 2.5 thousand - in Tajik (0.07%) and more than 1,000 - in other languages. [8]
The number of pre-school children with training in the Kazakh language by 2000 did not exceed 25% (1158) of the total number of similar organizations in the whole country (1.5 million - in Russian (45%), 80 thousand - in Uzbek (2.3 %), 23 thousand - in Uygur (0,6%), 2,5 thousand - in Tajik (0,07%) and more than thousand - in other languages).
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By the year 2000, the number of students in the branches with the Kazakh language of instruction amounted to about 32% (85,300) (the number of students at Russian branches is about 68% (181,000)).
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