Explain structure of science system in Kazakhstan since the period of its independence (1991) as it changed and transformed.
The Republic of Kazakhstan has a powerful scientific and technical potential, formed as a result of the alloying of the scientific heritage of Soviet times and the development of domestic scientific research in the era of independence. During the USSR in many fields of science: metallurgy of non-ferrous metals, catalysis, physics, mathematics, space research, mining, chemistry, biologically active substances, high-molecular compounds, biochemistry and physiology of humans, animals and plants, geography and botany. Social sciences have successfully developed. Many works of Kazakhstani scientists received world recognition, including in geology, non-ferrous metallurgy, chemistry and other branches of science. With the republic's gaining independence in 1991, Kazakhstan faced the task of forming its own scientific base. The first steps along this path were the creation of a legislative and organizational foundation for the activities of Kazakhstan's science. In 1992, the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Science and Scientific and Technical Policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan" was adopted and the Ministry of Science and New Technologies of the Republic of Kazakhstan was established. In 1992-1993 years. structures were formed that determine the scientific and technical policy of sovereign Kazakhstan: on standardization, certification of scientific personnel, state registration of research and development work, deposited manuscripts and dissertations, and the granting of patents. In 1993 the republican target scientific and technical program "Development of the state system of scientific and technical information of the Republic of Kazakhstan" was adopted. In the same years, a number of national scientific centers were organized: on radio electronics and communications, integrated processing of mineral raw materials, biotechnology and the National Nuclear Center. In 1996-1999 years. in the system of management of the scientific and technical sphere, a number of organizational changes were carried out related to the definition of the responsible executive body, the supervision of the development of science in the Republic of Kazakhstan (such was the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan), as well as the reform of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, former state. At the same time, the process of secession from the branch administration or association with universities began. In 2001, on the basis of the Concept of Scientific, Scientific and Technical Policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, developed earlier, the Law "On Science" regulating social relations in the field of science and scientific and technical activities, defining the rights and duties of subjects of scientific and scientific and technical spheres. In the same year, the Program of Innovative Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2015 was approved. In July 2002, the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Innovation Activities" was adopted. The goal of the state innovation policy is a balanced production infrastructure that ensures the prevalence of competitive, high-tech products (works, services) in various areas of production and use of public management. A new stage in improving the management of science and the scientific and technical sphere began in 2006. The main characteristic of the structural reforms of science implemented in 2006 is the new decision-making system, the idea of which was unveiled by the President of Kazakhstan N. Nazarbayev at a lecture at the Eurasian National University 26 May 2006. The importance of this system was emphasized by the fact that the Prime Minister of the country headed the Higher Scientific and Technical Commission under the Government (VNTK), established in August 2006.
|
|
|
Specify distinctions in system of science funding in Kazakhstan before and after 2011 year
Financing of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities from the state budget is carried out in the following forms:
1) basic funding;
2) grant funding;
3) program-targeted funding.
Basic funding is allocated to state scientific organizations and scientific organizations equivalent to state, state higher educational institutions, higher educational institutions, fifty percent of voting shares (participatory interests in the authorized capital) of which belong to the state, as well as to higher educational institutions. Basic financing includes expenditures on the norms of basic financing for the current provision of scientific infrastructure and property, including buildings, equipment and materials, and administrative and maintenance staff salaries. Grant financing is allocated for scientific research in order to increase the level of scientific research, scientific and technical potential and competitiveness of scientific organizations and their teams, scientists, as well as the commercialization of scientific and scientific and technical activities. The accredited subjects of scientific and scientific and technical activities, as well as autonomous educational organizations and their organizations on an equal footing are eligible to participate in the grant financing competition. The program-targeted financing is directed to solve strategically important state tasks and is carried out on a competitive basis or by a decision of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan outside the competitive procedures. Accredited subjects of scientific and technical activity, as well as autonomous educational organizations and their organizations, including as co-executors, are eligible to participate in the competition for program-targeted financing.
|
|
|
4) Explain the basic and main requirements to publication in scientific magazines.
The writing of scientific articles for publications in journals and compilations defined by the Higher Attestation Commission is based on the thesis work. The article contains the main provisions and conclusions set forth in the thesis.
Try, when writing a scientific article, not to use the "narrow" fragments of the study, or to explain the problem positively (with general phrases) superficially, trying to cover the entire thesis. The most effective way of writing a scientific article (VAK, specialized scientific journals) is to reduce the subpoint of the dissertation to the size of the article, through the consolidation of a number of provisions or the generalization of their meaning in the form of abstracts. In the journals of the VAK list, try to publish the empirical material (analysis), the provisions of the final parts of the thesis, where your own research, work etc. are present, and not a review of the literature on the research problem.
After writing a scientific article, we recommend checking it for originality using the antiplagiat.ru service. The main criterion - if possible, exclude the availability of links to the websites of abstracts, theses, etc. in the report on the results of the audit.
|
|
|
Since there are theoretical and empirical levels of knowledge in scientific research, theoretical and empirical articles are distinguished.
Theoretical scientific articles contain the results of studies carried out with the help of such methods of cognition as abstraction, synthesis, analysis, induction, deduction, formalization, idealization, modeling. The logical laws and rules are of primary importance.
Scientific articles of an empirical nature even use a number of theoretical methods, but they are more based on methods of measurement, observation, experiment, etc. In the headings of these articles the words "methodology", "evaluation", "definition" are often used.
Requirements for the design of a scientific article may differ drastically, depending on the journal (VAK). Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the requirements (usually posted on the website) before submitting an article for publication in a scientific journal.
Based on our experience, most often when writing a scientific article, we proceed from the following requirements
Scientific article should have a limited volume (7-10 pages of typewritten text, page format - A4, portrait orientation, fields 2.5 cm on all sides, Times New Roman, color - black, font size -14; 1.5 interval) , references in square brackets.
The general principles of the construction of a scientific article can vary depending on the subject matter and features of the study. When writing a scientific article, especially for the publication of a study in a journal from the list of VAK, it is necessary to adhere to the following structure of the presentation: Title, Abstract, Key words, The main text of the article, Literature.
In addition, the section The main text of the article can be subdivided into the Introduction, Data on the research methodology, Experimental part, Conclusions. These sub-sections are not necessary to distinguish in the text. It is desirable that the logic of presentation in the article be approximated to this structure.
The title of the article, the indication of the Surname, Name, Patronymic (completely) of the author and the name of the educational institution or scientific organization in which the work was carried out, the specialty of the author.
Annotation. Describes the goals and objectives of the study, as well as the possibilities of its practical application, which helps to catch the essence of the problem. (2-3 sentences), in Russian and English.
Keywords (3-5 words), in Russian and English.
Дата добавления: 2018-09-20; просмотров: 367; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы! |
Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!