Unit 4. DIFFERENT TYPES OF SHIPS IN THE WORLD MERCHANT FLEET
1. Read the text below. Translate it. Be ready to do the exercises:
Merchant vessels are ships that are primarily used either for carrying cargo or passengers.
Merchant vessels come in different sizes and shapes. It can be as small as a 6 m (20 ft) long diving boat, or as big as ultra large crude carriers (ULCC) that can be up to 415 m (1,361 ft) long. They are the main tool of ocean transportation, carrying crude oil and goods throughout the world, in varied sizes of tankers, containers and bulk carriers.
Almost all countries in the world possess and operate merchant ships. Currently, the Greek merchant fleet is the largest in the world accounting for over 16% of the world’s total tonnage.
Merchant vessels can be divided into different categories according to their size and purpose.
Dry cargo ship is a term generally used for bulk carriers and container ships. While bulk carriers are used in the transportation of bulk cargo such as grains, coal, ores and cement, container ships are normally used for carrying miscellaneous goods.
Bulk carriers are primarily used in carrying unpackaged bulk cargo items including grains, ores, cement and other similar cargo. They comprise of 40% of the merchant fleets in the world.
Container ships are ocean vessels that carry goods in large containers. Main categories of container ships include such as feeder, feedermax, Panamax, new Panamax and ultra large. They play a dominant role in international trade.
Tankers are used for transporting crude oil, finished petroleum products, liquefied natural gas (LNG), chemicals and other liquids in bulk. They play an important role in international trade with a share of over 33% of the world tonnage. Tankers come in varied sizes ranging from handysize tankers to ultra large crude carriers (ULCC) with a size ranging between 320,000 to 500,000 DWT.
Passenger ships are primarily used for carrying passengers. It also includes cruise ships that are mainly used for pleasure voyages.
Specialised ships are designed to transport specific goods such as vehicles and machinery.
Offshore vessels are specially designed ships for transporting goods and personnel to offshore oil platform that operate deep in oceans. The size of these vessels ranges between 20 meters and 100 meters. They are good at accomplishing a variety of tasks in the supply chain.
2. Answer the questions:
1) What are the main categories of merchant ships?
2) What are bulk carriers?
3) What are containers ships?
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4) What can you say about tankers?
5) Do tankers carry dangerous cargoes? What cargoes do they carry?
3. Agree or disagree:
1) Ultra large crude carriers are the main tool of ocean transportation.
2) Offshore vessels transport the goods along the coast of one country.
3) Tankers play an important role in international trade with a share of over 33% of the world tonnage.
4) Bulk carriers are primarily used in carrying packaged cargo items.
5) Container ships are normally used for carrying miscellaneous goods.
4.Translatethefollowingsentences:
1) Торговые суда бывают различных размеров и форм.
2) Танкеры перевозят сырую нефть по всему миру.
3) Какие категории торговых судов вы знаете?
4) Для чего предназначены оффшорные суда?
5) Навалочные суда перевозят зерно, уголь, цемент, руду.
5. Revise your grammar:
1) He … to St.Petersburg next year.
a) came; b) comes; c) is coming
2) As a rule, the crewmen … the holds after discharging.
a) clean; b) are cleaning; c) cleans
3) We …a pilot in every port.
a) are taking; b) takes; c) take
4) The ship … at 5 o’clock yesterday.
a) was mooring; b) moored; c) were mooring
5) Can you speak English? - Yes, I … it fluently.
a) spoke; b) speak; c) speaks
6) He … on a research vessel.
a) works; b) work; c) are working
7) …. you normally enter the port from the north?
a) did; b) does; c) do
8) We …to Spain tomorrow.
a) went; b) go; c) are going
9) The pilot …with helmsman in English last passage.
a) spoke; b) was speaking; c) did speak
10) Where is the Chief Mate? – He …the papers now.
a) checks; b) is checking; c) check
11) Pilot … the vessel through dangerous area now.
a) is conning; b) will con; c) conned
12) Crewmen …their passports to the Customs Officer 1 hour ago.
a) passed; b) will pass; c) pass
13) Master usually …all papers.
a) sign; b) signs; c) is signing
14) Their ship … in 2 hours.
a) is anchoring; b) will anchor; c) anchored
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15) Wait a minute! - I’m busy. I …a letter.
a) is writing; b) are writing; c) am writing
16) He … the Agent on board yesterday.
a) invites; b) invited; c) was inviting
17) …. you translate the text tomorrow?
a) will; b) are; c) do
18) While they … the instructions we … the documents.
a) read/checked; b) are reading/ are checking; c) were reading/were checking
19) The pilot boat … to pilot station 20 minutes ago.
a) proceeded; b) will proceed; c) was proceeding
20) ….you still …with the Master?
a) are/speaking; b) did/ spoke; c) is/speaking
21) An ice-breaker … ships in entering and leaving ports.
a) assist; b) assists; c) is assisting
22) Our vessel …at port of discharging in 3 hours.
a) arrives; b) is arriving; c) arrive
23) Last year I … to Egypt.
a) went; b) was going; c) will go
24) Next week Mary … a party at her house.
a) is having; b) will have; c) had
25) When you phoned me I …lunch.
a) was having: b) were having; c) had
26) Where … you … when you were a child?
a) were/living; b) did/lived; c) did/live
27) We … to Liverpool now.
a) proceed; b) is proceeding; c) are proceeding
28) They… still …at the berth.
a) are/staying; b) were/ staying;c) do/stay
29) Who usually … holds before loading?
a) prepare; b) prepares; c) prepared
30) Our Chief Mate …to clean decks and hatches half an hour ago.
a) will order; b) was ordering; c) ordered
UNIT 5. SHIP’S CREW
Vocabulary:
title - право
to be responsible for (to be in charge of) –отвечатьзачто-либо
to maintain a ship – обслуживатьсудно
to carry out repairs – выполнятьремонт
stowing –укладка (груза)
securing –крепление (груза)
watchkeeping officer -вахтенный
emergency procedures – аварийныеситуации
safety drills – аварийныеучения
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