ENGLISH TENSES. PASSIVE VOICE
Part I. Grammar references.
Сложное подлежащее
Пассив часто употребляют с глаголами речи и мнения.
She’s considered to be the best singer in the band – Её считают лучшей певицей в группе.
Прямой пассив
С глаголами ask, answer, forgive, strike, excuse, envy, teach лишь одушевлённое из 2 прямых дополнений становится пассивным подлежащим.
He was asked a question – Ему задали вопрос
С глаголами write, read, buy, sell, sing используют лишь 1 страдательный оборот, где прямое дополнение становится пассивным подлежащим.
A letter was written to them – Им написали письмо
Прямо-косвенный пассив
С глаголами tell, show, give, send, pay, promise, offer возможны 2 страдательных оборота, из которых косвенный более распространён.
The way was shown (to) me. I was shown the way – Мне показали путь
Прямо-предложный пассив
С глаголами describe, dictate, repeat, mention, explain, prove, declare, present пассивным подлежащим становится лишь прямое дополнение.
The rule was explained to the students – Учащимся объяснили правило
Предложный пассив
С глаголами to look at, to listen to, to talk about, to speak of, to laugh at, to send for, to think at/over/out, to argue about, to refer to пассивным подлежащим становится предложное дополнение.
The doctor was sent for – За врачом послали
С глаголами take care of, shake hands with, catch hold of, put an end to и т.п. предлог сохраняется.
He’s taken good care of – О нём хорошо заботятся
| To be + past participle (pp) |
| Tense | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| Present Simple | They restore building | The building is restored |
| Present Continuous | They are restoring the building | The building is being restored |
| Past Simple | They restored the building | The building was restored |
| Past Continuous | They were restoring the building | The building was being restored |
| Future Simple | They will restore the building | The building will be restored |
| Present Perfect | They have restored the building | The building has been restored |
| Past Perfect | They had restored the building | The buildinghad been restored |
| Future Perfect | They will have restored the building | The buildingwill have been restored |
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Part II. Grammar exercises.
Exercise 1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect Tenses in the Passive Voice.
1. Six lessons _______________ (to give) to us a day.
2. The children ______________ usually (to send) to the camp in summer.
3. A lecture _______________ (to give) in the main hall at the moment.
4. Ten films ________ already ______________ (to develop) here.
5. Polar bears _____________ (to hunt) for their fur.
6. A new railway line ______________________ (to construct) across the desert.
7. The rubbish _______ already ________________ (to collect) when I left for work.
8. I _______________ (to surprise) by the news.
9. He _________________ (to examine) now by the doctor.
10. The house ______________________ (to decorate) by my sister.
11. The best cream cakes ___________ (to make) by Sayers.
12. A new metro line ______________________ (to construct) now.
13. Many accidents____________ (to cause) by dangerous driving.
14. The buildings ________________ (to examine) by Health and Safety experts this week.
15. Rainforests _____________________ (to cut down) in the Amazon.
16. My glasses _____________ (to throw) away by mistake.
17. Many beautiful houses ______________ (to build) in our city every year.
18. All her books _____________ (to translate) into English by the program.
19. The picture _______________ (to paint) by a famous artist.
20. They ____________________ (to hear) playing the piano now.
Exercise 2. Translate these sentences into English using one of the Present Tenses in the Passive Voice.
1. Детям обычно не разрешают играть со спичками.
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2. Стиральную машинку сейчас ремонтируют.
3. Футболом увлекается большинство мужчин.
4. На английском языке говорят во всем мире.
5. Интересная тема обсуждается нашими студентами.
6. Комнату в настоящий момент убирают.
7. Эти машины производят в Японии.
8. Лекция проходит в главном холле в настоящий момент
9. Новая больница построена в нашем городе.
10. Большая часть земной поверхности покрыта водой.
Exercise 3. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect Tenses in the Passive Voice.
1. This novel ___________________ (to write) by Charles Dickens.
2. Her shouting _____________ (to hear) by everyone
3. Probably the tea _____________ (to sweeten) before I put sugar into it.
4. America _____________________ (to discover) many centuries ago.
5. The window ____________ (to break) before the children arrived.
6. The film ___________________ (to direct) by my favourite director.
7. The doctor _________________ (to send) for.
8. Mary __________ (to invite) to the party but unfortunately she couldn’t come.
9. I noticed at once that the room _________recently (to tidy).
10. Small feet _____________ (to hear) running in the hall.
11. The town library ___________________ (to build) by my grandfather.
12. After John ____________ (to award) a medal for bravery, he became a local hero.
13. The new wing of the hospital _________________ (to open) by the President yesterday morning.
14. Sanchez __________________ (to beat) by Steffi Graff in the Women’s Tennis Final.
15. The buildings _____________ (to examine) by Health and Safety experts.
16. Her ankle ____________ (to hurt) when she fell down.
17. A new shampoo _____________ (to develop) in the lab.
18. I _________________ (to offer) a new job.
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19. A new shopping centre ____________ (to build) on the outskirts of town.
20. Human bones _________________ (find) by archaeologists yesterday.
Exercise 4. Translate these sentences into English using one of the Past Tenses in the Passive Voice.
1. Москва была основана Юрием Долгоруким в 1147году.
2. Новости были объявлены по всем каналам.
3. О новом фильме очень много говорили на прошлой неделе.
4. За врачом послали двадцать минут назад.
5. Письмо отправили неделю назад.
6. Я был очень удивлен новостям.
7. Я был приглашен на вечеринку вчера.
8. Этот крем разрабатывался в научной лаборатории.
9. Мою машину обслуживали в сервисном центре с 7 до 9 вчера.
10. Молодого музыканта заметили за долго до того, как он поступил в консерваторию.
Exercise 5. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of Future Simple Future Perfect Passive form Tenses in the Passive Voice.
1. The letter _____________ (to post) by Olga.
2. The fax _______________ (to send) today.
3. The names of the Nobel Prize winners ______________ (to announce) by the committee
4. My flat _______________ (to repair) next month.
5. The tourist group _______________ (to meet) at the airport.
6. These files _________________ (to return) tomorrow.
7. The awards _________________ (present) by Tom Hanks.
8. Hopefully, all forms of discrimination _________________ (to wipe out) by the end of this century.
9. All books ________________ (to register) by the end of the week.
10. By the end of the term many new words and expressions _______________ (to learn).
11. Her work _________________ (to finish) until 8 o’clock.
12. The book _________________ (to return) to the library before you come.
13. My report __________________ (to finish) by Monday.
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14. The final answer _________________ (to give) to him by this time tomorrow.
15. Do please hurry or the door ___________________ (to close) by the time we get there.
16. A great number of new houses for the residents of our city _________________ (to erect) by the new year.
17. Your free gift _______________ (to send) to you in the next few days.
18. A fashion shows ___________________ (to hold) by Armani next week.
19. The article ______________ (to check) by an editor.
20. The matter __________________ (to settle) by this afternoon.
Exercise 6. Translate these sentences into English using one of the Future Tenses in the Passive Voice.
1. Цветы посадят на следующей неделе.
2. Этот вопрос будет обсуждаться сегодня.
3. Эта книга скоро будет переиздана.
4. Ей дадут квартиру в этом доме на следующей неделе.
5. Строительство нового здания будет завершено к новому году.
6. К концу недели его имя станет известно всем.
7. Проект обсудят завтра.
8. К тому времени, когда мы вернемся, магазин будет закрыт.
9. В будущем году здесь будет построена станция метро.
21. Они сыграют в шахматы к тому времени.
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