FOCUS 2 SUFFIXES AND PREFEXES

 

SUFFIXES

       An adjective can often be recognized by its ending:

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Attractive, atomic, geographical, lucky, moral, relevant, swollen.

Comprehensible, (can, able)

Poisonous, beautiful, (having quality of, full of)

Penniless (without)

Childish (in the manner of)

Childlike (similar to in nature or appearance)

Trustworthy ( deserving of)

 

For more information see the corresponding topic in Part II.

 

EXERCISES

 

Ex.1 Form adjectives corresponding to the following words:

 

Courage, rest, health, adventure, nation, success, practice, wealth, person, cure, observe, open, pain, sympathize, droop, accident, description, murder, surgery, shake, distinguish, bear, response, space, fury, misery.

 

Ex.2 Open the brackets:

 

1.The (base) … training a soldier receiver gives him an introduction to army life. 2. My uncle’s (child) …behaviour embarrassed everyone at the wedding. 3. Dana felt quite (please)…when she won the prize. 4. Masai tribesmen in Africa may have a (war) … appearance, but they are (friend) … to tourists. 5. Building bricks are very (educate) … toys for children. 6 The languages spoken in North Africa are very (difference) … from those spoken in the South. 7.The old (wood) … bridge finally collapsed last month. 8. You can trust him completely. He is very (depend) … . 9. Helen’s mother is very (satisfy) … with her school grades. 10. It was very (consider) … of you to inform me of my great-aunt’s death.

 

PREFIXES

 

Prefixes are added to the beginning of words. Some prefixes give the adjectives the opposite meaning.

Unhappy, invisible, illegal, irresponsible,

Discontented, counterproductive, antisocial,

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Amoral, non-violent

Some prefixes give a strong clue to meaning

Inter: between groups – intercontinental

Pre: before - prehistoric (before history)

Hyper: to a large degree - hypersensitive (extremely sensitive)

Auto: independent - automatic(works independently)

Ultra: very extreme - ultramodern (very modern)

Uni: one - unilateral

Bi: two - bicentennial

 

EXERCISES

 

Ex.1Match the adjectives in A to their definitions in B

 

A	B
Irrelevant	Greater than the speed of sound
Premature	Dull, regular, unchanging
Extraordinary	Extremely correct, very traditional
Multiracial	Weak, dubious, unable to persuade
Bilateral	Not able to be foreseen, unreliable
Asymmetrical	Involving people of many nationalities
Unpredictable	Not connected to, having no usual purpose
Inaccurate	Happening or being done too early
Autobiographical	Having faults or weakness
Ultra-orthodox	Two sides or halves completely different
Disillusioned	Unusual, exceptional, remarcable
Monotonous	Between two groups
Supersonic	Disappointed, disenchanted
Imperfect	Nit correct
Unconvincing	Written by oneself about oneself

 

Ex.2 Use some of the adjectives mentioned above to complete the sentences.

 

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1.America is a … society and is often referred to as a “melting pot”. 2. His books are … . They include experience from his own life. 3. Concorde is a … airplane. 4. The baby was … and weighed only one kilo at birth. 5. The … tone of his voice during the lecture put us all to sleep. 6. She suffers from a mental disorder, therefore his behaviour is sometimes … . 7. That machine gives … results. You should check them again. 8. We are talking about his possible promotion, so your comments about his dog are quite … .

 

FOCUS 3 GRADABLE AND UNGRADABLE ADJECTIVES

Gradable adjectives can be used with adverbs such as very or extremely to say that a thing or person has more or less of a particular quality.

  Ungradable adjectives imply “to a large degree” and are seldom used with these adverbs. Instead we can use adverbs such as absolutely or totally.

 

                                                                             Gradable adjectives

extremely, deeply, fairly, hugely,                angry, big, busy, comfortable, common,

immensely, pretty, rather, really,                  happy, important, quiet,, rich, strong,

reasonably, slightly, very                             young

 

                                                                          Ungradable adjectives

absolutely, completely, entirely,                  amazed, awful, dreadful, furious

entirely, pretty, really, simply, totally,         huge, impossible, invaluable, terrible,

utterly                                                           wonderful, useless    

 

She was extremely rich.

Our teacher gave us a completely impossible problem to solve.

 

EXERCISES

 

Ex.1 Suggest an appropriate adverb to complete each sentence.

 

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1. The play was ... marvelous.2. The answer is ... simple. 3. His new flat is ... enormous. 4. He was ... devastated by the news. 5. The instructions were ... complicated. 6. I was ... disappointed. 7. The answer was ... absurd. 8. The questions were ... hard. 9. Her looks are ... popular. 10. I was ...n terrified by the film. 11. He’s a(n) ... successful artist. 12. He’s a(n) ... essential member of the team.

 

Ex.2 Use an adverb + adjective in your response.

 

Example: A friend of mine said she had just won a thousand dollars. - I was absolutely delighted.

1. Ann told me that she was emigrating to Australia. –
2. Someone broke a window in my house. –
3. A handsome man told me that I was very beautiful. –
4. Mary lost some airline tickets she had just bought. –
5. My friend has grown very beautiful flowers. –

 

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