FOCUS 1 POSITION OF ADJECTIVES
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ
Учреждение образования
"Гомельский государственный университет
имени Франциска Скорины"
A.Е.ПРОТОПОПОВА, Т.Р.СУРМЕНКОВА, Г.В.ЛОВГАЧ, Т.М.ПОЗНЯКОВА
ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ГРАММАТИКА
АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА
ПРАКТИЧЕСКОЕ ПОСОБИЕ
Гомель 2008
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ
Учреждение образования
"Гомельский государственный университет
имени Франциска Скорины"
A.Е.ПРОТОПОПОВА, Т.Р.СУРМЕНКОВА, Г.В.ЛОВГАЧ, Т.М.ПОЗНЯКОВА
ПРАТИЧЕСКАЯ ГРАММАТИКА
АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА
Практическое пособие по грамматике для студентов I курса
специальности I-02 03 06-01 - "Английский язык"
по теме «Прилагательные и наречия в
современном английском языке»
Гомель 2008
УДК 902.0-5(075.8)
ББК 81.432.1-923.2
П 76
Рецензенты:
C.И Сокорева,доцент, кандидат педагогических наук
кафедра английского языка, учреждение образования
"Гомельский государственный университет имени
Франциска Скорины"
Рекомендовано к изданию научно-методическим советом Учреждения образования "Гомельский государственный университет имени Франциска Скорины" 27 октября 2004, протокол № 2.
Протопопова А.Е.
П 76 Прилагательные и наречия в современном английском
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языке: Практ. пособие для студ. Вузов спец. «Англ. яз.»/А.Е.Протопопова, Т.Р.Сурменкова, Г.В.Ловгач, Т.М.Познякова; Мин. Образов. РБ, УО «ГГУ им. Ф.Скорины». – Гоьель, 2008. – 127с.
Практическое пособие по грамматике английского языка
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УДК 902.0-5(075.8)
ББК 81.432.1-923.2
©А.Е.Протопопова, Т.Р.Сурменкова,
Г.В.Ловгач, Т.М.Познякова, 2004
© Учреждение образования "Гомельский
государственный университет
имени Франциска Скорины", 2008
ВВЕДЕНИЕ
Практическое пособие по грамматике английского языка предназначено для студентов первого курса специальности “Английский язык” при изучении темы “Прилагательные и наречия в современном английском языке”. Пособие состоит из трех частей. В первую часть включен краткий грамматический комментарий, необходимый для выполнения серий упражнений, целью которых является усвоение предложенного материала и его активного использования устной речи. Во второй части пособия содержатся упражнения и тесты для контроля усвоения материала. В третьей части предложен развернутый грамматический справочник, необходимый для выполнения упражнений повышенной сложности, а также для подготовки к устному экзамену. Поскольку теоретический материал представлен двумя уровнями сложности, пособие может быть рекомендовано как для указанной специальности, так и для студентов, изучающих английский язык в качестве второй специальности.
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СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
ВВЕДЕНИЕ.............................................................................. 3
PART I.................................................................................. 6
FOCUS 1 POSITION OF ADJECTIVES............................ 6
FOCUS 2 SUFFIXES AND PREFEXES............................. 8
FOCUS 3 GRADABLE AND UNGRADABLE ADJECTIVES 11
FOCUS 4 THE ORDER OF ADJECTIVES IN SENTENCES 132
FOCUS 5 COMPARISON............................................... 165
FOCUS 6 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES........................... 36
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FOCUS 7 LINKING VERBS + ADJECTIVES.............. 39
FOCUS 8 ADJECTIVES WITHOUT NOUNS................ 40
FOCUS 9 COMPOUND ADJECTIVES............................ 43
FOCUS 10 ADVERBS......................................................... 44
FOCUS 11 POSITION OF ADVERBS............................. 47
FOCUS 12 ADVERBS AND ADJECTIVES.................... 53
FOCUS 13 DEGREE ADVERBS...................................... 61
FOCUS 14 COMMENT ADVERBS, VIEWPOINT ADVERBS, FOCUS ADVERBS 63
FOCUS 15 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADVERBS 66
PART 2............................................................................... 67
TEST YOURSELF.................................................................. 67
Test 1........................................................................................ 73
Test 2....................................................................................... 77
PART 3.............................................................................. 81
ADJECTIVE........................................................................... 81
Formation of adjectives....................................................... 81
Types of adjectives.............................................................. 83
Order of adjectives.............................................................. 85
Position of adjectives........................................................... 56
Predicative Adjectives......................................................... 86
Attributive Adjectives......................................................... 87
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Adjectives that can change in meaning before a noun or after «be» 88
Substantivized adjectives..................................................... 91
Partially substantivized adjectives....................................... 92
Participial adjectives............................................................ 95
Degrees of Comparison........................................................ 97
Adjectives used with the pronoun one/ones...................... 106
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Elliptical sentences............................................................. 107
Adjectives used inexclamations......................................... 107
ADVERBS............................................................................ 107
Formation of adverbs......................................................... 107
Function............................................................................. 109
Comparison........................................................................ 109
Modification of Comparatives and superlatives................ 110
The Difference in meaning................................................. 110
Adjectives or Adverbs? (Confusing cases)........................ 116
Types of adverbs................................................................ 118
The Position of Adverbs.................................................... 120
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PART I
FOCUS 1 POSITION OF ADJECTIVES
An adjective describes the person, thing etc. Which a noun refers to. Adjectives can give us information about:
Quality: a beautiful dress; a nice day.
Size: a big car; a small, coin; a tall man.
Age: a new handbag; a young man.
Temperature: a cold evening; a hot day.
Shape: a round table; a square box.
Colour: blue eyes; grey hair; a white horse .
Origin: a Japaneese camera; a Swiss watch.
Many adjectives can be put either before the noun they describe or following linking verbs such as appear, be, become, feel, get, seem etc.
The hot sun beat down on us all day.
The sun was hot.
Some adjectives are seldom or never used before the noun they describe.
1. Some “a”- adjectives: afraid, alight, alike, alive, alone, ashamed, asleep, awake, aware.
The horse was alone in the field.
2. Some adjectives when they describe health and feelings: (un)well, upset, (un)sure, sorry, poorly, content, fine, dlad, ill.
My son felt unwell.
3. Some of these “a”-adjectives have related adjectives that can be used either before a noun or after a linking verb. Compare:
The animal was alive; a living animal; The animal was living
Other pairs like this include: afraid – frightened; alike – similar; asleep – sleeping; awake - waking.
4. Some classifying and emphasizing adjectives are seldom or never used after a linking verb.
Classifying adjectives: atomic, cubic, digital, medical, phonetic, chief, entire, initial, main, only, whole, eventual, occasional, northern, maximum, minimum etc.
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I spent my entire savings on the project.
Emphasizing adjectives: absolute, complete, mere, utter.
I felt an absolute fool when I found that I hadn’t got any money.
5. Some adjectives can be used immediately after a noun.
some -ible and –able adjectives such as available, imaginable, possible, suitable when the noun follows words such as first, last, next, only and superlative adjectives, or when a prepositional phrase follows the adjective.
It’s the only treatment suitable.
It’s an offer available to club members only.
concerned, involved, opposite, present, responsible. These words have different meanings when they are used before a noun and immediately after it.
I was asked for my present address. (My address now)
All the people present (who were there) approved of the decision
I’d like to thank all the people concerned. (involved)
Cars drive too fast past the school and concerned (worried) teachers have complained to the police.
For more information see the corresponding topic in Part II.
EXERCISES
Ex.1 Correct the following sentences if necessary.
1.The asleep children lay peacefully in their beds. 2. The police forced their way through the afraid crowd. 3. Within a few minutes she was asleep. 4. When he was alive he was poor and unknown. 5. I think Paul’s fairly happy at work, and seems a content man. 6. No one really believes there are alive creatures on Mars. 7. No two people are alike. 8. The ill man was put in a ward. 9. Everyone I know is afraid of Harry’s dogs. 10. Backley has a back ijury and Peter faces an alike problem.
Ex.2 Complete the sentences using the following adjectives:
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1.Clara and Adam were the … children … for the damage. 2. The … situation … cannot be allowed to continue. 3. This … process … takes three days. It’s very complex. 4. There were over three hundred … people… at the meeting. 5. New regulations have come into force on the storage of dangerous chemicals, all the … companies … have been notified of these. 6. Most of the … people … in the battle are now dead. 7. Kevin always seemed such a … boy … /
Ex.3 Rewrite these sentences so as to complete them with an adjective in –ible, -able. (available, imaginable, possible, suitable). Make up sentences on analogy.
This solution was the best. – It was the best solution possible.
This response was the only one. – It was the …
This decision was the hardest. – It was the …
This method was the most economical. It was the …
Ex.4 Put the adjectives into correct order and position in each sentence.
1. (black, ugly) Look at this spider!
Look at this ugly black spider!
2. (stone, spacious) They live in a house.
3. (lively, little) Cary is a girl.
4. (red, German) He’s dreaming about the car he saw.
5. (warm, united) Judith found her fiance’s family.
6. (those, old, rotten) Apples taste.
7. (gigantic, Gothic) The postcard showed a cathedral.
8. (embroidered, lovely) What a tablecloth!
9. (big, round) She ordered the hat.
10. (boring, these, old) Mark hates novels.
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