ICT in Agriculture and Food Security
Modern technologies and ICT efforts are raising agricultural productivity and the quality of life of farmers and the rural poor by improving information flows, communication, and access to reliable, up-to-date information. This enables strategic decision-making by farmers and prevents or mitigates losses caused by natural disasters.
What for software is designed
Software- The instructions that tell a computer how to carry out a task are referred to as a computer program. These programs form the software that prepares a computer to do a specific task, such as document production, photo editing, virus protection, file management, or Web browsing.
The two main categories are system software and application software.
System softwareis designed for computer-centric tasks, whereas application softwareis designed to help people accomplish real-world tasks.
For example, you would use system software to diagnose a problem with your hard disk drive or Internet connection, but you would use application software to edit a photo or write a term paper.
A type of system software called utility softwareis designed to help you monitor and configure settings for your computer system equipment, the operating system, or application software.
Like all system software, utilities focus on computer-centric tasks such as blocking viruses or diagnosing hard disk errors, rather than real-world tasks such as document production or accounting. Examples of utility software include setup wizards, communications programs, security software, and diagnostic tools.
A device driveris software that helps a peripheral device establish communication with a computer. This type of system software is used by printers, monitors, graphics cards, sound cards, network cards, modems, storage devices, mice, and scanners
An operating system is a type of system software that acts as the master controller for all activities that take place within a computer system. It is one of the factors that determines your computer’s compatibility and platform. Most personal computers are sold with a preinstalled operating system, such as Microsoft Windows or Mac OS. A third operating system called Linux is typically used for high-end workstations and servers, but can also be installed on personal computers.
Software designis the process by which an agent creates a specification of a software artifact, intended to accomplish goals, using a set of primitive components and subject to constraints. Software design may refer to either "all the activity involved in conceptualizing, framing, implementing, commissioning, and ultimately modifying complex systems" or "the activity following requirements specification and before programming, as ... [in] a stylized software engineering process.
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Software design usually involves problem solving and planning a software solution.
What is the main unit of the personal computer and their functions?
A personal computer (PC) is any computer whose original sales price, size, and capabilities make it useful for individuals, and which is intended to be operated directly by an end user, with no intervening computer operator.
Today a PC may be a desktop computer, a laptop computer or a tablet computer. The most common operating systems are Microsoft Windows, Mac OS and Linux, while the most common microprocessors are x86-compatible CPUs. Software applications for personal computers include word processing, spreadsheets, databases, games, and a myriad of personal productivity and special-purpose software. Modern personal computers often have high-speed or dial-up connections to the Internet, allowing access to the World Wide Web and a wide range of other resources.
A PC may be a home computer, or may be found in an office, often connected to a local area network. The distinguishing characteristics are that the computer is primarily used, interactively, by one person at a time. This is in contrast to the batch processing or time-sharing models which allowed large expensive systems to be used by many people, usually at the same time, or large data processing systems which required a full-time staff to operate efficiently.
While early PC owners usually had to write their own programs to do anything useful with the machines, today's users have access to a wide range of commercial and non-commercial software which is easily installed.
Functions of a PC Personal computer has a microprocessor for processing data, a keyboard for entering data, a monitor for displaying data, and a storage device for storing data. PC performs many functions such as: Accepting Data - Accepts data input from the user through various input devices like the keyboard, mouse, scanner, digital camera or microphone.
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Computers can support a very wide range of tasks. They can be specialized for their duties, such as an embedded computer in an airplane for navigation, or they can be designed to support a variety of different tasks, like a personal computer.
As a very basic definition, computers are machines that receive, send, manipulate, and store data. In this way they can organize data or perform calculations. Most people think of the personal computer when they hear the word "computer" - these machines can send and retrieve useful information to and from the Internet, as well as organize and store individuals' personal data. The computer in an MP3 player, for example, is specialized in its tasks of organizing, receiving, and sending data related to music. All in all, however, they perform the same basic functions: send, receive, manipulate, and store data.
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