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World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is dedicated to helping to ensure that the rights of creators and owners of intellectual property (IP) are protected worldwide and that inventors and authors are, thus, recognized and rewarded for their ingenuity. The intellectual property system offers a number of safeguards and incentives that act as a spur to human creativity, extending the boundaries of science and technology and enriching the world of literature and the arts. By providing a stable environment for the marketing of intellectual property products, it also help to promote international trade.
WIPO undertakes activities in three main areas, namely the progressive development of international intellectual property law; assistance to developing countries to build intellectual property capacity at national and regional levels and encourage more effective use of IP as tool for economic development; and services to industry and the private sector to facilitate the process of obtaining intellectual property protection in multiple countries. WIPO works in close cooperation with its 184 Member States to promote intellectual property around the globe and to ensure that all members are in a position to reap the benefits of an effective and affordable system of IP protection to promote wealth creation and economic development.
https://www.un-ngls.org
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Do we need a new Internet?
About 20 years ago a 23 year old student from Cornell University developed a software programme that spread throughout the Internet in hours and clogged the whole network. Since then things have become worse. Internet experts say that the whole net has become so unsafe that it would be best to start all over again. Nobody knows what a new Internet would look like but users would have to give up their anonymity for a bit more safety. Today's Internet might end up as a bad neighbourhood you just wouldn't pass through.
Last year a software programme that probably came from a criminal gang in Eastern Europe made its way through most of Europe's computer systems, damaging a hospital's network in England as well as the computers in France's Ministry of Defense. Conficker, as the programme is called, remains a ticking time bomb. It still is powerful enough to control vast sections of the Internet by sending programmes that make computers think they have an antivirus protection but actually don't.
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When the Internet was invented a few decades ago, nobody really cared about security. The main aim was to connect computer networks over great distances. Even though major software firms , including Microsoft have been putting billions into making computers and the Internet safer, security has actually become worse.
That's why researchers at Stanford University are working on a whole new Internet, with the focus on security. They are trying to invent a new set of small programmes that we don't have today and which will make security better. It will also give the police a chance to track cyber criminals in a more effective way. It will also identify each user, so that criminals and cyber hackers cannot hide somewhere in the world.
http://www.english-online.at
Вариант 14.
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International organizations
When living in the modern progressive society we have to deal with different international organizations either we know it or not. The formation of international organizations started mainly in 20th century with the goal to improve and develop international relations and to preserve peace and safety of nations. European community, Interpol, all of them have a great impact on international relationships between countries.
European Community is one of the oldest organizations, founded after the World War Two when European countries were weak and vulnerable and Soviet Union and USA were dominant on the world arena. So Europe had to find its place in the world and it was decided to form European Economic Community run by European Parliament which has set certain rules for every member to follow. The main goal was to improve trade and agriculture relationships. Brussels is the headquarters of the organizations and it has over 1500 of employees. It works on developing business, trade, industry, education. The European Community supports different scientific researches, medicine, protects human rights.
Interpol, or International Criminal Police Organization, is another large organization having 184 member countries. Mainly Interpol works on controlling criminals abandoning their usual place of residence and travelling abroad. Interpol informs local national bureaus about them and prevents committing offences or crimes. It also investigates different criminal activities: people and drug traffic, terrorism, organized crime. Interpol is not participating in any political, religious or military events.
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