Getting to Know the Dictionary (prelimenary tasks and exercises)
Exercise 1. Arrange in alphabetical order
a) the following names of animals and birds:
__ crocodile__hen
__ fox__bull
__ cat__frog
__ mouse__hedgehog
__dog__giraffe
__ parrot__snake
b) the following names of fruit and vegetables:
__melon__pineapple
__banana__water‑melon
__orange__kiwi fruit
__apple__nut
__cucumber__lemon
__plum__garlic
c) the following placenames:
__Leeds__Plymouth
__Coventry__Derby
__Oxford__Nottingham
__Bristol__Weston
__Glasgow__Hastings
__Exeter__Manchester
d) the names of the following nationalities:
__French__Norwegian__Nepalese
__Chinese__Burmese__American
__German__Japanese__Italian
__Russian__Czeck__Swiss
e) the names of the following English writers:
__Thackeray, William Makepeace
__Dickens, Charles
__Shaw, George Bernard
__Wilde, Oscar
__Shakespeare, William
__Maugham, (William) Somerset
__Goldsmith, Oliver
__Austen, Jane
__Christie, Agatha
__Brцnte, Charlotte
f) the names of the Presidents of the United States:
__Linkoln, Abraham__Adams, John
__Adams, Quincy John__Roosevelt, Theodor
__ Jefferson, Thomas__Nixon, Richard, M.
__Wilson, Woodrow__Roosevelt, Franklin D.
__Hoover, Herbert C.__Clinton, Bill
Exercise 2.Read the groups of words below. Write each group in alphabetical order.
a) feel, deck, pan, open, chap, speech, vote, butter, abbey, keep;
b) breast, fog, chair, brain, broker, table, umbrella, notebook, blossom, bar, meet, class, brute;
c) season, letter, computer, lace, loss, pen, porter, book, little, plane, tree, luxury, post, form;
d) strap, dictionary, soap, sir, top, struggle, size, page, last, work, stretch, strong, sleep, strict, snake, clock, strike
Exercise 3.Make words by putting letters in alphabetical order. The first one was done for you.
cea ace zitnhc _______
uby _____ poho _______
kooc _____phisc _______
ordo _____malsot _______
lobwe _____
Exercise 4. Think of a word which can be inserted between two words without breaking alphabetical order.
a) apple – cucumber, cat – mouse, red – pink, fast – quick, kiss – love, chair – table, jump – run, speak – tell, shirt – trousers, bonnet – hat;
b) cake – charm, fight – frost, go – guy, hot – hunt, mark – memory, plate – push, ray – remark, sit – short, tee – track, walk – white;
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c) kick – kiss, still – stop, hear – herb, tenor – terrific, fresh – friend, bless – blow, lily – little, modern – moon, ready – rein, teach – text;
d) card – carpet, plan – plastic, mild – million, pile – pilot, free – fresh, roof – root, spade – spark, thick – third, welfare – Welsh, opponent – oppress.
Exercise 5.Work in pairs. One student opens a monolingual or a bilingual English‑Russian dictionary and reads guide words, that is words printed at the top of each page of the dictionary which show the first and last words on the page. The other student thinks of a word that will appear on either of those pages.
Exercise 6. Make a word chain by writing in the links the letters of the 14 words whose Russian equivalents are given to you. Begin at the top and move clockwise around the circle. Each word overlaps with the next word: that is the final two letters of each word are the first two letters of the following word. (The number of letters in each word is shown in parentheses after each clue.)
ответ (6)
стирать (резинкой) (5)
море (3)
каждый (4)
подбородок (4)
внутри (6)
мертвый (4)
добавленный (5)
воспитывать (7)
слеза (4)
арест (6)
останавливаться (4)
опера (5)
бежать (3)
Exercise 7.What are the guide words in your dictionary between which you can find the following words?
desire, leak, seal, character, inform, peach, resume, spectrum, tile, uniform
Exercise 8.Below there is a list of names under which small and large business trade. How many of them can be found in your dictionary? What do they mean?
Hairdresses: The Cutting Room, Clipso, Scissors, The Clip Joint;
Wine and Food: Cellar, The Water Hole, The Flying Pizza, The Upper Crust (bakery), The Breadboard;
Women’s Wear: Dressage, Dress‑well, French Dressing, Rag Trader.
Exercise 9.The following are the names of current or former pop groups. How many of these words, in your opinion, can be found in the dictionary? Tick those which you think are part of the language and then check them in your dictionary.
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Genesis__
Wings__
Rolling Stones__
Getting to Know the Dictionary (Lexical Units and Structure of the Dictionary)
Exercise 1. Look up the words in bold type in the following sentences in your dictionary. How many headwords are there with that spelling? Do they belong to the same part of speech?
1.Dryyour hands on this towel.
2. I saw a breakin the fence.
3. I have twenty tests to marktoday.
4. Mary heard the happy soundsof children at play.
5. The dog was watching my every move.
6. What is for sweet?
7. I’ll placeyou under arrest.
8. My son has soundteeth.
9. Don’t touchmy things!
10. He’s paid doublefor the same job.
Exercise 2. Read the following passage. Look up the words in bold type in your dictionary. How many headwords are there with the same spelling? Do they belong to the same part of speech?
This is your room. The HomeOffice regulations insisted that we should be on an upper storey with barred windows. We have had to put the barsin specially. They will be chargedfor in the bill.
From: «Declineand Fall» by D.H. Lawrence.
Exercise 3.Are the words in bold type in the same entry or not?
1. He remembered, too, some cautiousand cautiounaryallusions by old Forsyte.
John Galsworthy
2. And if you are not doubly fastwith my breakfast I shall fastenmy foot on the posterior portion of your miserable anatomy.
John Fowles
3. There are things he feels – there are things here – well, which are things. Something unreasoning, unreasonableis upon him; when he tries to define it with the precision of a practical man, it eludes him, slips him away.
John Galsworthy
Exercise 4.What comes first in your dictionary? Are these words in the same entry or not?
cooly__or cooler__
disproof__or disprove__
frog‑spawn__or frog‑march__
lawful__or lawmaker__
harden__or hardly__
sweetbread__or sweetness__
Exercise 5.Translate the following words into English. What groups of derivatives and compounds can you form? Consult first a Russian‑English dictionary and then a monolingual dictionary of English.
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заядлый курильщик –
председатель –
оплот –
кольчуга –
материк –
цепочка –
спальный вагон –
тамбурная строчка –
ароматическая смесь –
Exercise 6. Make up compounds by bringing together stems. The first one is done for you. Consult a monolingual dictionary.
bus keeper
door phone
cars top
ear drain
house name
bell drop
brain pull
brand party
floppy store
side hold
book disk
free walk
Exercise 7.What words below denote things which can be bought in a shop? Consult a monolingual dictionary.
shoehorn shoemaker
dress rehearsal shoe‑lace
ball‑gown shirt‑front
shoe‑tree dress shirt
night‑gown shoeshine
dress‑circle shirtwaist
Exercise 8.Translate the following words into Russian. What words denote things necessary to serve tea or coffee?
tea‑caddy –tea‑clipper –
tea‑cosy –tea‑kettle –
high tea –coffee grinder –
coffee‑cup –tea‑garden –
table‑cloth –coffe‑room –
coffee‑grounds –tea‑house –
table‑water –table‑talk –
table‑mat –table‑towel –
Exercise 9.Give Russian equivalents of the following phrasal verbs with out and off.
lean
switch – on
keep
cheer
blow – up
sum
peg
talk – out
turn
call
show – off
slag
Exercise 10.Can you complete these phrasal verbs? When you have finished, check your answers in a monolingual dictionary of English.
1. I thought the nurse was looking __ you.
2. Police are looking __ the disappearance of a quantity of uncut gems.
3. Most people aren’t good enough to play in first‑class matches; they have to be content to look __.
4. We were allowed to look __ their new plant near Coventry.
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5. He looked __ the living‑room window at a rain‑soaked garden.
6. He comes back with an enormous dictionary, sits down and
looks __ the word.
Exercise 11. There are many idioms which contain words denoting plants. Complete each of the sentences below with the correct idiom. Underline the word that is the headword of the entry of a monolingual dictionary you found the idiom. Translate the sentences into Russian. Do Russian equivalents contain words denoting plants?
1. Sometimes things are very difficult. Life is not all __.
2. Mary led Sam __. She kept promissing to marry him, but in the end she left him for John.
3. Susan’s ready to __. She’s travelled all over the world, but now she wants to settle in one place.
4. The police were determined to __. It took them several weeks but they finally discovered the cause of the fire.
5. Don’t __. Tell me exactly what it is you want to say.
6. John’s__. He’s much nicer than any of his brothers.
7. Sally’s done very well in her job. She’s at __ in her profession.
8. You should act quickly. Don’t let __.
9. I feel as if all our hard work is beginning top__. The results are really worth the effort we put in!
10. The teacher realized that the class might cause trouble, but managed to__.
(the grass grow under your feet; nip in the bud; the top of the tree; the pick of the bunch; a bed of roses; beat about the bush; put down roots; bear fruit; get to the root of the matter; up the garden path)
Exercise 12. Look at the following idioms which describe people or a way of behaving. Look them up in a monolingual dictionary and decide whether they are describing something good or bad. Write plus (+) or minus (‑).
as cool as a cucumber__
grin and bear it__
be in a rut__
drop a brick/ clanger__
take somebody to the cleaners__
have an open mind__
be on the ball__
Exercise 13. Which colours go with which words to make compounds or idioms? Check your answers in a monolingual dictionary.
Exercise 14. Give English equivalents of the following Russian proverbs. Under what headword is the equivalent registered?
делать из мухи слона –
дело в шляпе –
лес рубят – щепки летят –
у страха глаза велики –
большому кораблю – большое плаванье –
на всякого мудреца довольно простоты –
сорока на хвосте принесла –
с глаз долой из сердца вон –
копейка рубль бережет –
Exercise 15. Study the Preface to your dictionary and fill in the Dictionary Quiz below.
Dictionary Quiz
1. Examples showing how words are used are given
a) in brackets__
b) in italic type__
2. Are phrasal verbs
a) printed in thick type__
b) shown by a symbol__
3. Where will you find information about placenames
a) in Appendix__
b) on special pages__
4. Are there any study pages in your dictionary
yes__
no__
5. Where will you find additional information on the usage of words
a) in notes
b) on colourful pages
6. Are labels printed
a) in brackets__
b) in italics__
7. Are idioms
a) printed in bold type__
b) shown by a symbol__
c) shown by a label__
8. Are compounds within the entry
a) printed in bold type__
b) shown by a symbol__
c) shown by a label__
9. Is grammatical information
a) shown by a code within the entry__
b) in grammatical notes in the extra column__
c) shown by means of examples and patterns within the
entry__
10. Is there any information on related words
a) yes__
b) no__
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