A Degrees of comparison of adjectives
| Positive degree | Comparative degree | Superlative degree |
| 1 – 2 s y l l a b l e w o r d s | ||
| tall | taller (than) | the tallest (of all) |
| thin | thinner (than) | thethinnest (of all) |
| easy | easier (than) | theeasiest (of all) |
| clever | cleverer (than) | thecleverest (of all) |
| P o l y s y l l a b i c w o r d s | ||
| beautiful | more / less beautiful (than) | the most / least beautiful (of all) |
| attentive | more / less attentive (than) | the most/ least attentive (of all) |
| independent | more/ less independent (than) | the most / least independent (of all) |
Mark is tall.
Mark is taller than me.
Mark is the tallest in the group.
Special forms
| Positive degree | Comparative degree | Superlative degree |
| good | better (than) | the best (of all) |
| bad | worse (than) | theworst(of all) |
| old | older / elder (than) | theoldest / eldest (of all) |
| far | farther / further (than) | thefarthest / furthest (of all) |
| little | less (than) | theleast(of all) |
“older/the oldest” – старший по возрасту, “elder/the eldest” – старший в семье. Ср.:
I am two years older than my cousin.
My elder brother Alex is a football player.
Farther / the farthest – отдалённый по расстоянию, further / the furthest, помимо этого значения, имеет и другое – «отдалённый во времени, относящийся к будущему». Ср.:
Your house is much farther/furtherthan mine.
Further events will show who of us is right.
B Degrees of comparison of adverbs
| Positive degree | Comparative degree | Superlative degree |
| 1 – 2 s y l l a b l e w o r d s | ||
| hard | harder (than) | the hardest (of all) |
| fast | faster (than) | thefastest (of all) |
| late | later (than) | thelatest (of all) |
| early | earlier (than) | theearliest (of all) |
| P o l y s y l l a b i c w o r d s | ||
| beautifully | more / less beautifully (than) | the most / least beautifully (of all) |
| attentively | more / less attentively (than) | the most/ least attentively (of all) |
| independently | more/ less independently (than) | the most / least independently (of all) |
Paul always thinks independently.
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He thinks more independently than Jane.
He thinks the most independently in the team.
Special forms
| Positive degree | Comparative degree | Superlative degree |
| well | better (than) | the best (of all) |
| badly | worse (than) | theworst(of all) |
| much many a lot of lots of | more (than) | themost (of all) |
| little | less (than) | theleast(of all) |
| far | farther / further (than) | thefarthest / furthest (of all) |
Financial managers earn a lot of money.
They earn more money than taxi drivers.
They earn the most money on the job market.
C Related constructions
Для выражения одинаковой степени наличия признака используется конструкция as + adjective/adverb + as. Конструкция not so/as + adjective/adverb + as синонимична конструкции less + adjective/adverb + than:
He is as gifted as his father.
Sharon draws as beautifully asCatherine.
He isn’t so/as gifted as his farther. = He is less gifted than his father.
Sharon doesn’t draw so/as beautifully as Catherine. = Sharon draws less beautifully than Catherine.
PRACTICE
6.1. Write down the comparative and superlative forms of the adjectives below.
| black | great | intelligent | warm |
| careful | fine | long | crafty |
| certain | simple | old | disappointed |
| difficult | big | short | funny |
| bad | fit | slow | cold |
| fashionable | angry | small | good |
| tiny | convenient | useful | hot |
| helpful | white | slim | wide |
| thin | fat | interesting | important |
| slender | generous | friendly | gentle |
| pretty | unhappy | silly | unlucky |
| unusual | valuable | far | rough |
| cheap | expensive | extravagant | ugly |
| gorgeous | sad | large | common |
| narrow | cruel | stupid | polite |
6.2. Correct the spelling of these words where necessary.
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| a) bigest | f) fater | k) fitter |
| b) greattest | g) smalest | l) tighter |
| c) shorter | h) longest | m) newest |
| d) likeliest | i) hardder | n) heavier |
| e) tallest | j) wettest | o) widder |
6.3. Complete these sentences using the comparative of the adjectives in brackets and “than”.
1. You certainly look … you did yesterday. (happy)
2. He is obviously … in sport … I am. (interested)
3. The game will certainly be much … it was last year. (exciting)
4. Children nowadays seem to be much … they used to be. (noisy)
5. She’s actually a good deal … she looks. (old)
6.4. Form the comparative of the adjectives in these phrases and use the phrases in the sentences below.
| a good idea a big house a healthy climate a young man a good job |
1. California certainly has … than New York.
2. I’m getting too old. This is a job for … .
3. When the children get a bit older we’ll really need … .
4. I’m sure it won’t work. Can’t you come up with …?
5. Perhaps we could afford it if I could get … .
6.5. Make sentences with a comparative form and “than”, using the words given.
Model: Tom – tall – Jack. – Tom is taller than Jack.
1. Tokyo – big – New York.
2. My sister – old – me.
3. Our new house – comfortable – the one we used to live in.
4. Travelling by plane – expensive – travelling by train.
5. Shopping at a supermarket – cheap – going to the local shops.
6. He feels – content – you do.
7. I am – happy – I have ever been.
8. Prices have been rising – fast – incomes.
9. This music is – nerve-racking – that one.
10. This living-room is – dark – the kitchen.
11. I think cycling is – healthy – driving.
12. Living in the country is – peaceful – living in a town.
13. Eating out is – easy – cooking for yourself.
14. My new school is – good – the one I went to before.
6.6. Complete these sentences using the comparative and the superlative of the adjectives given.
1. I’ve never heard a … story. (ridiculous)
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That’s … story I’ve ever heard.
2. We had never stayed in a … hotel (expensive)
It was … hotel we had ever stayed in.
3. I had never had a … journey before. (tiring)
It was … journey I had ever had.
4. I’ve never had a … meal before. (tasty)
That was … meal I have ever tried.
5. This game is … than the previous one. (good)
That’s … game I’ve seen for years.
6.7. Complete the following sentences using superlative adjectives in front of the nouns.
1. Everest is … in the world. (high mountain)
2. The Pacific is … in the world. (big ocean)
3. China is … in the world. (populated country)
4. Oxford is … in Britain. (old university)
5. The Nile is … in the world. (long river)
6. In terms of water flow the Amazon is … in the world. (large river)
6.8. Put one suitable word in each space, beginning with the letter given. The number of letters in the word is suggested.
1. Is William feeling any b_ _ _ _ _ today?
2. Everyone ate a lot, but Chris ate the m _ _ _.
3. What’s the l _ _ _ _ _ news about the situation in India?
4. I’d feel a lot h_ _ _ _ _ _ if you let me help.
5. Graham has been sinking d_ _ _ _ _ into debt lately.
6. It’s 35 degrees today! It must be the h_ _ _ _ _ _ day so far this year.
7. Only 45£? Is that all? Oh well, it’s b_ _ _ _ _ than nothing.
8. Ruth wore her b_ _ _ dress to her sister’s wedding.
9. Harry has got over the w_ _ _ _ of his cold.
6.9. Choose the correct word or phrase in each sentence.
1. The fish was so tasty as / as tasty as the meat.
2. This book is the most / the more interesting I’ve ever read.
3. This temple is the eldest / oldest in Europe.
4. That dress is a lot longer than / that the other one.
5. Nothing is worse / worst than being stuck in a traffic jam.
6. That skyscraper is one of the taller / tallest buildings in the world.
7. The test wasn’t as hard as / hard as I thought.
8. Actually, today I feel more bad / worse than I did yesterday.
9. Our journey took longer than / the longest we expected.
10. Could you work more quietly / more quieter please?
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6.10. Complete each sentence with a comparative or superlative form of the word in bold. Include any other necessary words.
1. The Nile is … river in the world.
Long
2. I was disappointed as the film was … than I expected.
Entertaining
3. Most planes go a lot … trains.
Fast
4. Yesterday was one of … days of the year.
Hot
5. I think this book is much … the other one.
Good
6. The twins are the same height. Tim is … Sue.
Tall
7. The first exercise was easy but this one is … .
Difficult
8. The Mediterranean is not … the Pacific Ocean.
Large
9. This class is … the one next door.
Big
10. This is … television programme I’ve ever watched.
Bad
6.11. Choose the correct answer.
1. I haven’t heard the latest / last news.
2. It is the eldest / oldest house in our street.
3. This cottage is further / farther than we thought.
4. The boy used to faint at the least / last sign of blood.
5. Ann’s older / elder sister is a nurse.
6. Where is the nearest / next underground station?
7. Our house is less / smaller than yours.
8. We have no further / farther information.
6.12. Change not as … as into less … than.
1. She is not as tired as I am.
2. The child is not as sleepy as you are.
3. This task is not as interesting as that one.
4. Spanish is not as difficult as Chinese.
5. She is not as friendly as she looks.
6. The park is not as beautiful as the old one.
7. The boy is not as diligent as his father is.
8. She is not as clever as her mother is.
9. Your cottage is not as comfortable as ours.
10. This test is not as complicated as the previous one.
11. She is not as hardworking as she seems.
12. There is not as much ink in my fountain pen as in yours.
6.13. Supply as … as, not as … as, less. More than one answer may be possible.
1. He is … tall … his father.
2. My granny is … old … yours.
3. His novels are … interesting than his stories.
4. My bedroom is … light … our living room.
5. Sugar is … sweet … honey is.
6. Our city is … large … Moscow.
7. The girl is … beautiful … her mother.
8. The Thames is … long … the Nile.
9. I haven’t got … much money … you have.
10. This TV show was … amusing than the one last Saturday.
11. These shoes are … comfortable than those ones.
12. The boy is … intelligent than his brother.
13. A mouse is … big … a rat.
6.14. Choose the correct answer.
1. Kate is … than Helen. She is always ready to answer the teacher’s questions.
A. clever
B. cleverer
C. the cleverest
D. more clever
2. His garden is … in the village.
A. beautiful
B. more beautiful
C. the most beautiful
D. the beautiful
3. This book is … than that one.
A. thinner
B. the thinnest
C. thin
D. more thinner
4. Your IT project is … than your friend’s.
A. good
B. better
C. the better
D. the best
5. The days in winter are … than in summer.
A. the short
B. short
C. shorter
D. the shortest
6. The river is … in the world.
A. long
B. longer
C. the longest
D. the longer
7. The book is … than the film.
A. interesting
B. more interesting
C. the interesting
D. the most interesting
8. The house looked ... than we thought.
A. more comfortable
B. the most comfortable
C. comfortable
D. the comfortable
9. Computers are … nowadays than they used to be.
A. complicated
B. more complicated
C. the most complicated
D. the complicated
10. The watch is … in the shop.
A. expensive
B. more expensive
C. the expensive
D. the most expensive
11. I’ve found my way around … places than this one.
A. bad
B. worse
C. the worst
D. badder
6.15. Rewrite the sentences using the words in bold.
Model: My work is good.
… than his.
… in the class.
My work is better than his.
My work is the best in the class.
1. The car is expensive.
… than that one.
… in the market.
2. My father is tall.
… than my mother.
… in the family.
3. Our garden in beautiful.
… than our neighbours’.
… in the street.
4. The book is interesting.
… than the film.
… one I’ve ever read.
5. My room is small.
… than my parents’.
… in the house.
6. The Amazon is a long river.
… than the Seine.
… in the Western Hemisphere.
7. Jane is clever.
… than I am.
… person I’ve ever met.
8. The house is old.
… than that one.
… in our town.
9. The problem is serious.
… than we expected.
… we’ve ever dealt with.
10. Eden is young.
… than her sister.
… in the group.
11. Public transport in London is expensive.
… than in Cairo.
… in Europe.
12. Ann’s dress is stylish.
… than mine.
… at the company’s yearly fancy dress party.
13. The exam is really hard.
… than the previous one.
… I’ve ever taken.
6.16. Put one suitable word in each space.
1. Our team is … … good … your team. They’re both the same.
2. This is one of … … famous paintings in the world.
3. Everyone did … work … Philip … .
4. You’re not a safe driver! You should drive … slowly.
5. Ann is taller … Mike but their son Dave is … tallest in the family.
6. What an awful book. It’s one of … … interesting books I’ve ever read.
7. It makes no difference, because this road is … … bad … that one.
8. Today is … cold … yesterday. So I’m wearing my shorts.
6.17. Put one suitable word in each space.
1. My brother is two years older … me.
2. The train takes just … long as the bus.
3. I thought the second hotel we stayed in was … more friendly.
4. Jean doesn’t need … much help … Harry does.
5. Do you think you could make a … less noise?
6. These exercises seem to be getting harder and … .
7. Unfortunately we are … well-off than we used to be.
8. David didn’t enjoy the match … much … I did.
6.18. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence.
1. David is a better runner than Paul.
Paul is not…………………………………………………………………………
2. Nobody in the class is taller than Alison.
Alison is the……………………………………………………………………….
3. I haven’t written as much as you.
You’ve written…………………………………………………………………….
4. Jane’s hair isn’t as long as Sophie’s.
Sophie’s hair is……………………………………………………………………
5. No student in the school is noisier than I am!
I’m the…………………………………………………………………………….
6. This exhibition is much more interesting than the previous one.
The previous exhibition was not…………………………………………………..
7. This is as fast as the car can go.
The car can’t………………………………………………………………………
8. Kate ate much less than Andrew did.
Kate didn’t………………………………………………………………………...
6.19. For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using no more than three words.
1. Could you not talk so fast, please?
Could you………………………………………………………………..., please?
2. The last film we saw was more frightening than this one.
This film is………………………………………………………...as the last one.
3. Nobody in the class cooks better than Sam.
Sam is…………………………………………………………………in the class.
4. You ran a lot faster than I did.
I didn’t run……………………………………………………………………you.
5. Small cars are more economical than large cars.
Large cars are………………………………………………………….small cars.
6. Skating isn’t as exciting as skiing.
Skiing is…………………………………………………………………..skating.
7. Richard doesn’t work harder than Alan.
Alan works just…………………………………………………………..Richard.
8. Jack isn’t as interested in football as his brother is.
Jack’s brother……………………………………………….in football than he is.
9. Bill is the youngest in the family.
Everyone else in the family…………………………………………………..Bill.
10. I haven’t eaten as much as you.
You’ve eaten………………………………………………………………………
6.20. PREFERENCES
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