In pairs, choose some of the questions and write short dialogues, e.g.
Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации
ГОУ ВПО «Нижневартовский государственный гуманитарный университет»
Гуманитарный факультет
Кафедра иностранных языков
THE ABC OF MODERN ENGLISH GRAMMAR:
A KEY TO SUCCESSFUL COMMUNICATION
Part 1
Учебно-методическое пособие
| Составитель: | Р. Я. Солодкин, канд. ист. наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков |
Нижневартовск
2011
Печатается по постановлению Редакционно-издательского совета Нижневартовского государственного гуманитарного университета
| Рецензент: | Елашкина Н. В., кандидат педагогических наук, доцент, зав. кафедрой иностранных языков для специальных целей ФГБОУ ВПО «Иркутский государственный лингвистический университет» |
The ABC of Modern English Grammar: A Key to Successful Communication: Part 1: Учебно-методическое пособие / Сост. Р. Я. Солодкин. – Нижневартовск: НГГУ, 2011. – 54 с.
Пособие включает шесть базовых разделов грамматики современного английского языка и рассчитано как на студентов, лишь начинающих изучение языка в вузе, так и на уже овладевших практическими основами грамматики и нуждающихся в их систематизации.
Представленные учебные материалы могут быть эффективно использованы в учебном процессе вуза в рамках аудиторной и самостоятельной работы студентов при подготовке специалистов как узколингвистического направления, так и широкого цикла гуманитарных и естественнонаучных дисциплин, в том числе в системе двухуровневого высшего и послевузовского профессионального образования, а также в рамках курса «Практическая грамматика современного английского языка» по программе дополнительного профессионального образования «Переводчик в сфере профессиональной коммуникации».
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Каждый раздел состоит из теоретической и практической частей. В теоретической части изложены основные правила формообразования и употребления грамматических структур, а практическая часть, содержащая большое количество заданий коммуникативного характера, направлена на отработку навыков практического использования изученного материала в повседневной английской речи различной стилистической соотнесенности.
| © Солодкин Р. Я., 2011 © НГГУ, 2011 |
Тематический план издания учебно-методической литературы
для внутривузовского использования на второе полугодие 2011 года
Позиция № ___
Подписано в печать 15.11.2011. Формат 60×84/16
Усл. печ. листов 3,4. Тираж 50 экз.
Отпечатано в Издательстве НГГУ
CONTENTS
Unit 1. The verb “to be”………………………………………………………………4
Unit 2. There + to be. Impersonal subjects……………………………………………7
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Unit 3. Questions…………………………………………………………………….15
Unit 4. Possession……………………………………………………………………29
Unit 5. Pronouns……………………………………………………………………..34
Unit 6. Making comparisons………………………………………………………...39
Recommended learning resources…………………………………………………...54
Unit 1. The verb to be
REFERENCE
A Form
Present Simple
| Affirmative (+) | Interrogative (?) | Negative (–) | Negative-interrogative (–, ?) |
| S I N G U L A R | |||
| I am (I’m) | am I | I am not (I’m not) | am I not / *aren’t I |
| you are (you’re) | are you | you are not (you aren’t) | are you not (aren’t you) |
| he is (he’s) | is he | he is not (he isn’t) | is he not (isn’t he) |
| she is (she’s) | is she | she is not (she isn’t) | is she not (isn’t she) |
| it is (it’s) | is it | it is not (it isn’t) | is it not (isn’t it) |
| P L U R A L | |||
| we are (we’re) | are we | we are not (we aren’t) | are we not (aren’t we) |
| you are (you’re) | are you | you are not (you aren’t) | are you not (aren’t you) |
| they are (they’re) | are they | they are not (they aren’t) | are they not (aren’t they) |
* используется в разделительных вопросах (Tag-questions).
Past Simple
| Affirmative (+) | Interrogative (?) | Negative (–) | Negative-interrogative (–, ?) | ||
| S I N G U L A R | |||||
| I was | was I | I was not (I wasn’t) | was I not (wasn’t I) | ||
| you were | were you | you were not (you weren’t) | were you not (weren’t you) | ||
| he was | was he | he was not (he wasn’t) | was he not (wasn’t he) | ||
| she was | was she | she was not (she wasn’t) | was she not (wasn’t she) | ||
| it was | was it | it was not (it wasn’t) | was it not (wasn’t it) | ||
| P L U R A L
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| we were | were we | we were not (we weren’t) | were we not (weren’t we) | ||
| you were | were you | you were not (you weren’t) | were you not (weren’t you) | ||
| they were | were they | they were not (they weren’t) | were they not (weren’t they) | ||
B Meaning
Глагол to be используется:
♦ в качестве глагола-связки перед существительными, местоимениями, прилагательными, числительными, наречиями:
I am a surgeon.
It ishim.
She isn’ttall.
They areten in the group.
Two million US dollars is too much for that house.
♦ в качестве вспомогательного глагола во временах плана Continuous и Perfect Continuous:
We are watching a new movie.
You weren’tlistening to what I wassaying.
I have been doing lots of foolish things lately.
На русский язык в этих случаях глагол to be не переводится и выполняет исключительно грамматическую функцию, указывая на форму, лицо, число и время глагола.
PRACTICE
1.1. Complete the sentences using a suitable form of the verb to be. Give all possible answers.
1. What … his name?
2. A: Where … you from? – B: I … from Sydney.
3. … you here on holiday or on business?
4. … it your first visit to this country?
5. A: … the bag yours? – B: No, it … not.
6. Here we …!
7. A: … Peter and Paul British? – B: Yes, they … from London.
8. Manuel … a Spaniard.
9. My address … 19, Bond Street, London.
10. Her hair … very beautiful.
11. … I right?
12. The United States … a powerful country.
13. Many British people … lucky to live in their own house.
14. What … your plans for the day?
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15. The English … very nice to tourists.
16. A: … you sure you don’t mind? – B: Yes, I … .
17. Who … that girl over there?
18. The Alps … in Europe, not in Asia.
19. English … difficult to learn.
20. Cambridge Station … a small station.
21. I … in the infirmary now.
22. I … sure the twins … twenty.
23. You … not here but I don’t feel lonely.
24. I … sorry I’ve made this mistake.
25. I can’t help you, I … busy now.
1.2. Render the sentences into English.
1. Джеймс врач. Его профессия очень сложная и ответственная.
2. Её зовут Дженни. Она из Канады. Ей 23 года. Она студентка 4 курса.
3. Вы из провинции или из столицы? – Я из столицы. Это мой родной город.
4. Не понимаю, почему она боится собак.
5. Китайский язык очень трудный.
6. Эта поездка очень продолжительная. Дети уже устали.
7. Мы свободны. Теперь мы можем сходить куда-нибудь.
8. Это её первая роль в театре? – Да, но она не профессиональная актриса.
9. Вы не правы. Столица Китая – Пекин, а не Шанхай.
10. Он дома. Но долго говорить он не может, он болен.
11. Я сожалею, что опоздал. Я был занят нашей вечерней презентацией.
12. Мы были в помещении не одни, поэтому я был так сдержан, когда говорил с тобой.
13. Она не была уверена, что права.
14. Он находился в больнице. Сейчас он уже на работе.
15. Я был на улице, поэтому не слышал твоего звонка.
16. Мы уже в университете. А ещё 20 минут назад стояли в ужасной пробке!
17. Пол был очень хорошим специалистом. Жаль, что он теперь на пенсии.
18. Мистер Дженкинсон физик. Он не был хорошим студентом, а заинтересовался наукой, когда был в армии.
19. Мы всегда к вашим услугам.
20. Её рассказы очень интересные.
21. Наш дом находится за городом. Отсюда – 20 минут на автомобиле.
22. Разве они индусы? – Нет, но я не знаю, кто они по национальности. Я был уверен, что они из Индии, но они из другой страны.
23. Ты был на работе, когда я тебе позвонил? – Нет, я был уже не на работе, я ехал домой.
24. Как назывался этот фильм? – «Завтра – слишком поздно».
25. Это Ваш телефон? – Да, а он был на письменном столе?
Unit 2. There + to be. Impersonal subjects
REFERENCE
A Оборот there + to be
| Оборот “there + to be” используется при упоминании предмета впервые или для обозначения наличия либо отсутствия чего-либо или кого-либо. |
Для обозначения подобных ситуаций в настоящем используются формы there is / there are, в прошлом – there was / there were. There is и there was – формы, употребляемые в том случае, если последующее существительное стоит в единственном числе, there are и there were – во множественном:
There is a message for you.
There are twenty-two people in the hall.
Was there any interesting quiz on TV last night?
There were three questions in my exam card.
Со словосочетаниями a lot of, a couple of, a number of, обозначающими некоторое множество предметов, употребляется глагол во множественном числе:
There are a couple of questions I would like to ask him.
При перечислении выбор глагольной формы зависит от числа первого существительного:
There is a gift shop, two cafeterias and five telephone boxes round the corner.
There werefive glasses, five teacups and a bottle on the table.
При переводе на русский язык первой переводится часть предложения, содержащая обстоятельственное слово или оборот, т. е. зачастую перевод на русский язык будет начинаться с конца английского предложения:
There were some new pictures on the wall. – На стене было несколько новых картин.
Глагол to be на русский язык часто переводится глаголом, лексически соответствующим описываемой ситуации:
There is a new carpet on the floor. – На полу лежит новый ковер.
There was a large chandelier in the living-room. – В гостиной висела большая люстра.
Если русское предложение начинается с обстоятельственного слова или оборота, то оно переводится на английский язык с помощью оборота there + to be:
На столе лежали три черных ноутбука. – There were three black laptops on the desk.
Если же русское предложение начинается с группы подлежащего, то при переводе на английский язык также используется прямой порядок слов, т. е. перевод начнется тоже с группы подлежащего:
Три черных ноутбукалежалина столе. – Three black laptops were on the desk.
Оборот there + to be не может использоваться с именем собственным:
There is James in the garden. James is in the garden.
B Impersonal subject it
Безличный оборот it + to be используется в следующих случаях:
♦ для указания на предмет впервые:
It is a sophisticated device.
♦ для описания погодных условий:
It waswindy outside.
♦ при указании на расстояние:
It is a ten-minute drive from here.
♦ для обозначения температуры:
It was 44°C yesterday.
♦ для обозначения времени:
It is five past six already.
♦ в безличных оборотах с прилагательным или существительным:
It is great to be here.
It was necessary to take precautions.
It is a thrill to go on a safari ride on your own.
♦ в обороте it is said that:
It is said that nothing matters more than to be at the right place at the right time.
С Impersonal constructions with the verbs to seem, to appear
| It seems / appears that + a subordinate clause There seem(s) / appear(s) to be … It seemed / appeared that + a subordinate clause There seemed / appeared to be … |
It seems that we are short of fuel. – Кажется, у нас мало топлива.
It appears that they are losing again. – По всей видимости, они снова проигрывают.
There seems to be a problem. – Видимо, есть одна проблема.
There appear to be some tricky questions in the test. –Как видно, в тесте есть несколько каверзных вопросов.
It seemed that we were short of fuel. – Казалось, у нас было мало топлива.
It appeared that they were losing again. – По всей видимости, они снова проигрывали.
There seemed to be a problem. – Видимо, была одна проблема.
There appeared to be some tricky questions in the test. – Создавалось впечатление, что в тесте есть несколько каверзных вопросов.
PRACTICE
2.1. Rewrite the sentences, using there is or there are.
1. They have a lot of English books in their library.
2. Our city has lots of theatres.
3. The family has only one child.
4. Our group has a new student.
5. Every week has seven days.
6. We have a beautiful picture on the wall.
7. A good shoe shop is not far from here.
8. They have some butter on the table.
9. We have a new TV set in our sitting-room.
10. She has some mistakes in her dictation.
11. The cottage has two bedrooms and a bathroom.
12. Their flat has a modern kitchen and a well-equipped bathroom.
13. Our house has no lift.
14. They have a large stock of champagne in this shop.
15. We have a new car in our garage.
2.2. Rewrite the sentences, using there was or there were.
1. They had a villa near the beach.
2. He had some pencils in his bag.
3. We had a meeting in town last night.
4. Our group had a lot of good students.
5. The room had two windows.
6. The family had a Ford once.
7. They had some cherry trees in their garden.
8. He had an old computer in his office.
9. We had some meat in the fridge.
10. I had too much sugar in my tea.
11. She had many cats in the house.
12. They had a nice cellar in their yard.
13. We had a dog in our summer house.
14. I had a new secretary in my office.
15. He had a new stereo system in his bedroom.
2.3. Make these sentences into questions. Begin each question with the words given.
1. There was a bad accident not far from here.
When……………………………………………………………………………..?
2. There is a good film on TV tonight.
What……………………………………………………………………………...?
3. There are a lot of people at the party.
How many………………………………………………………………………..?
4. There were two cinemas in the street five years ago.
When……………………………………………………………………………..?
5. There are many historical monuments in our city.
Where…………………………………………………………………………….?
6. There is a bus stop near our house.
What……………………………………………………………………………...?
7. There was a bedside lamp in my bedroom.
Where…………………………………………………………………………….?
8. There was a telephone call for you last night.
When……………………………………………………………………………..?
9. There is some snow in the yard.
Where…………………………………………………………………………….?
10. There is a postman at the door.
Who………………………………………………………………………………?
11. There are a lot of interesting exhibits in our museum.
Where…………………………………………………………………………….?
12. There is a fierce dog in our garden.
What dog…………………………………………………………………………?
13. There is a letter from my father on the table.
What……………………………………………………………………………...?
14. There are magnificent mountains in China.
Where…..………………………………………………………………………...?
15. There is a loaf of brown bread in the bread bin.
What……………………………………………………………………………...?
2.4. Fill in the gaps with it or there.
1. … is a tree in the garden. … is an apple tree.
2. … looks as if … is going to rain.
3. … is strange that … are no restaurants in this town.
4. A: Who’s that at the door? – B: … is only me!
5. A: Which house is yours? – B: … is the one at the end of the street.
6. … seems to be something under the cupboard, but what is …?
7. … appears that … was nobody at home when I phoned.
8. A: Did you enjoy the party? – B: No. … weren’t many people there. … was boring.
9. A: … is someone on the phone for you. I think … is David. – B: Hold on. I’ll be there in a jiffy.
10. A: Was that a Ferrari going past? – B: I didn’t see … .
11. A: Look! … is your friend! – B: Oh yes! …’s Ian.
12. A: When did you last play a game of chess? – B: I haven’t played … for months.
13. A: Have you got your umbrella with you? – B: No. … wasn’t raining this morning, so I left … at home.
14. A: Did you sleep late yesterday? – B: Yes. By the time I woke up, … was lunchtime.
15. A: Have you got a bike? – B: No. I used to have … , but then I sold … .
16. A: Look at this mess! … are toys everywhere. – B: Sorry. I’ll tidy up.
17. A: Did you visit the Great Barrier Reef? – B: No. … wasn’t enough time.
18. A: Could I have the bill, please? – B: Certainly. I’ll bring … at once.
19. A: … seems to be a mistake in this report. – B: Oh, sorry. I’ll type … again.
20. A: Josie is very pretty. – B: No doubt. … doesn’t matter what she wears, she always looks drop-dead gorgeous.
2.5. Complete the sentences using there is or it is. Use inversion where necessary.
1. … late, we must hurry up.
2. … much snow in winter.
3. … a gripping reality show on TV tonight. … about extreme sports.
4. A: … any milk in the fridge? – B: Yes, … .
5. … no lift in our house.
6. … time to go for a stroll.
7. What … on the table?
8. … plenty of time. We needn’t be in a hurry.
9. … very cold. Shut the window, please.
10. … a new building in our street. … our university.
11. … a cat in our garden. … our neighbour’s.
12. … a letter for you on the table. I think … from your mother.
13. … a new route to the town centre from here and … significantly shorter than the old one.
14. … any wine on the table? … sweet or dry?
15. … a hole in my scarf. … rather large.
2.6. Rewrite these sentences to begin with “there” as an impersonal subject.
Model: Two general elections took place that year. – There were two general elections that year.
1. We have a class every Friday.
2. We hold a meeting at 3 p.m. on Tuesdays.
3. Lots of children were at the concert.
4. A few friends come round at weekends.
5. People give lots of parties at Christmas.
6. An accident often happens if people are not careful.
7. You made a mistake in your essay.
8. I saw two men in the hall.
9. They had a fierce fight in the bar last night.
10. We received two telephone calls yesterday.
11. Paul has a sofa, a wall unit and two armchairs in his drawing-room.
12. His decision evokes a great deal of anger.
13. Lots of people have accommodation on campus.
14. Music has a brilliant future in this town.
15. Seven years ago a murder took place in the house he lives in.
2.7. Make ten sentences from this table.
| It | is can be | interesting | learning English. |
| difficult | going abroad on holiday. | ||
| fun | meeting new people. | ||
| nice | travelling in the rush hour. | ||
| expensive | going to school. | ||
| awful | buying new clothes. | ||
| boring | going shopping. |
2.8. Rewrite each sentence, ending as shown, so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, and so that it contains it or there.
1. Near the hotel is a small restaurant.
……………………………………………………………………..near the hotel.
2. You went to Thailand for your holiday too, which is strange.
………………………………………………….to Thailand for your holiday too.
3. My road has a big tree at the end of it.
……………………………………………………………………………….road.
4. Brian seems to have left.
……………………………………………………………………………has left.
5. Today is really cold!
……………………………………………………………………………...today.
6. Budapest is a long way from here.
……………………………………………………………………….to Budapest.
7. Your torch hasn’t got any batteries in it.
………………………………………………………………………………torch.
8. We appear to be lost again!
…………………………………………………………………………lost again!
2.9. The word “it” has been left out of these sentences. The number in brackets tells you how many times it should occur. Show where it should be.
1. A: What’s the house like? Is big or small? – B: Is quite big. Has four bedrooms. (3)
2. We live in Hagley. Is a village near Birmingham. (1)
3. I’m learning Chinese, but is very difficult to understand. (1)
4. There’s a new restaurant in the High Street. Opened about a month ago. We went there last week, but was very expensive and we didn’t like very much. (3)
5. A: Where’s the tin opener? – B: I think is in the kitchen. I put back in the drawer. (2)
6. She was very frightened but she tried not to show. (1)
7. A: Did you see the film about Japan on TV last night? I really enjoyed. – B: Yes, I enjoyed too. I thought was very interesting. – C: I didn’t see. I went to bed before started. (5)
2.10. Rewrite these sentences with “it” and a “to”-infinitive clause.
Model:Driving over 70 mph is illegal. – It is illegal to drive over 70 mph.
1. Missing a train is very annoying.
2. Getting a letter from an old friend is nice.
3. Going for a good night out is fun.
4. Learning another language is interesting.
5. Eating too much is unhealthy.
6. Looking after young children is tiring.
7. Driving too fast is very dangerous.
8. Studying at the university is difficult.
9. Moving to a new country is challenging.
10. Buying a flat is very costly.
2.11. Imagine the perfect house or holiday location. Describe it in as much detail as possible (no less than 7 – 8 sentences).
2.12. Work in pairs. Ask your partner questions about his/her imaginary place.
2.13. In pairs, ask each other questions about the places you live in, e.g. Is there a coffee table in the living-room? Are there any plants in the kitchen?
2.14. Give an English equivalent for the following sentences.
1. Сегодня очень трудно быстро найти хорошую работу.
2. В нашей квартире пять комнат. В каждой комнате, кроме спальни, есть компьютер и телевизор.
3. Два года назад здесь не было никакой растительности, а теперь современный и красивый парк. В нем очень много цветов и деревьев.
4. В наши дни купить квартиру очень дорого. Цены просто бешеные.
5. В вашем тесте слишком много ошибок. Нужно писать внимательнее.
6. На рабочем столе слишком много вещей – там и компьютер, и телефон, и канцелярские принадлежности, и цветы.
7. Очень приятно провести время в компании старых друзей.
8. На улице темно. Там нет ни одного фонаря.
9. В его саду растет множество экзотических растений. Очень интересно заниматься любимым делом.
10. Уже 10 часов. Пора домой. Нужно еще многое сделать.
11. У него в гараже стоят джип, спортивный автомобиль и пять мотоциклов.
12. Скучно делать одно и то же изо дня в день. Но в нашем городе мало мест для развлечений.
13. Странно, что дома никого нет. Дверь открыта.
14. В этой части страны много исторических памятников.
15. Необходимо принимать срочные меры по защите окружающей среды.
16. Кажется, мы опять потерялись. Здесь нет никаких дорожных указателей.
17. В Вашем ресторане есть блюда восточной кухни? – Да, в меню много блюд индийской и тайской кухни.
18. Сколько кресел в конференц-зале? – Сто пятьдесят. – Этого вполне достаточно. Очень приятно с Вами работать.
19. Есть вопросы, которые мы не готовы обсуждать публично. Это просто коммерческая тайна.
20. Нет никаких сомнений в том, что наша команда лучшая в этом сезоне.
21. Сейчас уже одиннадцать часов вечера и звонить ей поздно. По всей видимости, в нашей методике работы что-то не так. Мы опять не выполнили работу в срок.
22. Мы остаемся дома – на улице сыро и холодно, там просто нечего делать сегодня.
23. Говорят, что английские футбольные болельщики одни из самых агрессивных во всем мире.
24. Очень неприятно иметь дело с таким человеком, как он. Сегодня он говорит одно, а завтра совершенно другое.
25. В ваших планах есть разумные идеи, но воплотить их в жизнь в данный момент просто нереально. Слишком много препятствий.
Unit 3. Questions
REFERENCE
A Inversion(Инверсия)
Инверсия – обратный порядок слов, перестановка местами подлежащего и сказуемого, используемая главным образом в вопросах. Это основной способ образования вопросительной формы предложения, употребляемый в абсолютном большинстве случаев:
Heis a second-year student. – Ishe a second-year student?
Paulinelikes horror films. – DoesPauline like horror films?
Jeremyis repairing his bike. – IsJeremy repairing his bike?
B General questionor“yes/no”-question(Общий вопрос)
Общий вопрос – это вопрос, направленный на сказуемое (т. е. на всё предложение в целом), на который можно ответить «да/нет». Обычно даётся краткий ответ с использованием соответствующего вспомогательного глагола:
Is he watching the game? – Yes, he is.
Are you at home? – No, I’m not.
Do they like rock music? – Yes, they do.
Did you enjoy the meal? – Yes, I did.
C Special questionor “wh”-question(Специальный вопрос)
Специальный вопрос направлен на выяснение точной, конкретной информации. Задается при помощи вопросительных слов what, when, where, which, who/whom/whose, why, how и требует точного, конкретного ответа:
Who is your boss? – Mrs Jenkinson.
What are you talking about? – We are talking about football.
Если слово who выступает в предложении подлежащим, то порядок слов остается прямым, вспомогательные глаголы не используются:
Whoplays chess best of all in our university?
Если слово who выступает в качестве дополнения, то используется инверсия:
Who areyou writing to?
D Disjunctiveortag-question (Разделительный вопрос)
Разделительный вопрос направлен на подтверждение или уточнение сообщаемой информации. На русский язык может переводиться «не так ли», «не правда ли», «разве нет».
Вопрос образуется по следующей схеме:
| + , – | утверждение, отрицание |
| – , + | отрицание, утверждение |
They are old friends, aren’t they? (+ , –)
She wasn’t joking, was she? (– , +)
При наличии в первой части предложения (в качестве подлежащего, дополнения или обстоятельства) отрицательных слов (never, nothing, no one, nobody, nowhere, none, no) эта часть считается отрицательной, и во второй части глагол ставится в утвердительную форму:
You never saw her crying, did you?
They found nothing in the yard, did they?
No one went there last night, did they?
She met nobody in the office, did she?
You can buy it nowhere, can you?
We invited none of them, did we?
There are no cars in the park, are there?
Если вопрос задается относительно первого лица единственного числа (I), то во второй части используется следующая форма:
I am right as usual, aren’t I? НО: I’m not here alone, am I?
PRACTICE
3.1. Expand the “What about…?” phrases to make “yes/no”-questions.
Model: John swims very fast. What about Henry? → Does Henry swim very fast?
1. I read the newspaper every morning. What about you?
2. I often go for a walk in the park. What about you?
3. Helen lives near here. What about Becky?
4. My kids go to school every day. What about your children?
5. I always have lunch at home. What about Sally and Peter?
6. I never eat too much. What about you?
7. John comes home at noon. What about Sandra?
8. I never learned German at school. What about you?
9. I do most of the cooking at home. What about you?
10. Peter is here. What about Joe?
11. John and Jean work in a bank. What about Helen and Tina?
3.2. Complete the “yes/no”-questions using the endings given.
Model: He likes football.
....................................................................................................................hockey?
Does he like hockey?
1. She speaks English.
...................................................................................................................Spanish?
2. Tom is reading a newspaper.
.....................................................................................................................a book?
3. They visited Liverpool.
.............................................................................................................Manchester?
4. She wants to meet Jane.
............................................................................................................her husband?
5. They know Tom Jackson.
............................................................................................................John Brown?
6. He didn’t go out last night.
................................................................................................................on Friday?
7. They’ve got two dogs.
..................................................................................................................any cats?
8. He’s going to the theatre.
..............................................................................................................on his own?
9. There is some tea in the teapot.
...............................................................................................................any coffee?
10. Mother bought some sweets.
.........................................................................................................any ice cream?
11. The weather will be fine tomorrow.
..............................................................................................................on Sunday?
12. The job will be finished soon.
...........................................................................................................before lunch?
13. The boy is out.
............................................................................................................................in?
14. She told Mother the news.
...............................................................................................................this secret?
15. He read a story by Mark Twain.
..........................................................................................................all his stories?
16. Helen phoned her friend from London.
..............................................................................................................her parents?
17. She spoke to her advisor.
.............................................................................................................to the Dean?
18. Linda left the hotel.
...................................................................................................................the city?
19. The shopping centre was a comfortable place to walk around in summer.
.................................................................................................................in winter?
20. There were some cherry trees in their garden.
.......................................................................................................any apple trees?
3.3. Use the “wh”-words below to complete the questions which follow.
| what when where which who whose why how |
1. … time do you finish work?
2. … lives in that big house?
3. … of these coats belongs to you?
4. … advice can you give to someone about to leave school?
5. … old is your daughter now?
6. … exactly did you buy that lovely dress?
7. I haven’t seen George for ages. … did you last see him?
8. … bag is this? It’s not yours, is it?
9. About … long does it take to get to Birmingham?
10. … do you get to the post office from here?
11. … did you live before you came to London?
12. But … can’t you come? Are you busy?
13. … day does Dad get home?
14. I don’t know. … do you ask?
3.4. Rearrange the parts of the sentences to make questions with “wh”-words as subject.
1. How many people / to the party / yesterday / came?
2. Which team / first prize / won / at the weekend?
3. What / when you were late / happened / this morning / for work?
4. Who / the answer / told you / to the exam question?
5. Who / next door / lives / to you?
6. What / to this question / the right answer / is?
7. Whose car / that red one / over there / is?
8. How many students / to your English class / come?
3.5. Expand the “What about…?” phrases to make questions with “wh”-words as object.
1. I write twenty letters every day. What about you?
How many ……………………………………………………………………….?
2. I like soft chocolates best. What about you?
Which ……………………………………………………………………………?
3. Jack came on his bike. What about you?
How ……………………………………………………………………………...?
4. Karen can swim over ten kilometers. What about Jim?
How far ………………………………………………………………………….?
5. We got hundreds of cards. What about you?
How many ……………………………………………………………………….?
6. We’re always there at about 6 p.m. What about Mary and Bill?
What time ...……………………………………………………………………...?
7. John arrived at about eight. What about Cathy?
When …………………………………………………………………………….?
8. I usually finish work by five. What about you?
When …………………………………………………………………………….?
3.6. Do these questions starting and finishing with the words given.
1. My wife works in the maths department. What about you?
Which…………………………………………………………………………..in?
2. I’m going to dance with Sandy. What about you?
Who…………………………………………………………………………with?
3. My letter is from Fred. What about yours?
Who…………………………………………………………………………from?
4. My sister goes to Birmingham University. What about your brother?
Which university……………………………………………………………….to?
5. This morning’s lecture is about Shakespeare. What about the afternoon lecture?
What………………………………………………………………………..about?
3.7. Write questions to which the words in bold are the answers.
1. Georgebought her that necklace.
2. Georgebought her a necklace.
3. They invited Mary and Philip.
4. I lent that book to Bill.
5. They gave the keysto Peter.
6. My daughteranswered the telephone.
7. The manager said no.
8. I asked Andrewto help.
9. We can send a bunch of flowers.
10.The childrenare at home.
11. Susie is wearing a dress.
12. Danielis washing the car.
13. Peter goes to the gym twice a week.
14. She is writing a greeting card to her sister.
15. I’m going shopping because I want some new clothes.
16. She has been working with us for two years.
17. They went to work by bus.
18. Brian is going to the National Gallery.
19. Monica is having a bath.
20. This suit cost £335.
3.8. Write a who or what question for each answer.
1. A family of three lives next door.
2. I play with my little brother.
3. Mrs Dawson teaches me maths.
4. I usually have a sandwich for lunch.
5. Horror films frighten me.
6. I talk most to my friend Dina.
7. I sit next to Mary in English.
8. Music helps me study.
3.9. Write a question to each answer.
1. Get up? At about 7.30 usually.
2. I was reading War and Peace.
3. I went there to buy some food.
4. So far I’ve only eaten breakfast.
5. Now you have to put it in the oven!
6. Yesterday? I felt absolutely awful.
7. I’m washing my hair. I can’t talk, sorry.
8. Because I haven’t paid the electricity bill.
9. My bike? I left it at school.
10. My party? All my friends are coming.
3.10. Match the questions and answers.
| 1. What’s the longest word in the dictionary? | a. Because of all the sandwiches (sand which is) there. |
| 2. Where does Thursday come before Wednesday? | b. In a dictionary. |
| 3. Which is easier to spell, seventeen or eighteen? | c. A teapot. |
| 4. What begins with a “t”, ends with a “t”, and has “t” in it? | d. Because it’s always in bed. |
| 5. Why is an island like the letter “t”? | e. Smiles – because it’s a mile from beginning to end. |
| 6. Why is the letter “e” lazy? | f. Seventeen, because it’s spelt with more ease. (more “e”s) |
| 7. How should you dress on a cold day? | g. Because it’s in the middle of water. |
| 8. Why is there plenty of food in the desert? | h. As quickly as possible. |
3.11. Complete the table by writing questions and answers.
| What When Who Where Why Which Whose How | What’s he doing? | He’s ironing. | Do Does Did Are Is Can Would Will | Do you like opera? | Yes, I do. |
3.12. Here are some of the things people say at parties. Match the statements with the question tags.
| 1. It’s a bit noisy, | a. will you? |
| 2. We haven’t met before, | b. don’t you? |
| 3. You are Henry’s brother, | c. isn’t it? |
| 4. Pass this plate round, | d. aren’t you? |
| 5. Don’t drop it, | e. will you? |
| 6. You live next door, | f. have we? |
| 7. You are not leaving, | g. wasn’t it? |
| 8. You can stay a bit later, | h. won’t you? |
| 9. You’ll come again, | i. can’t you? |
| 10. That was fun, | j. are you? |
3.13. Add the question tags.
1. There’s an interesting talk show on TV tonight, … ?
2. There was no news from Kate when I came home, … ?
3. Tom spends a lot of time on his studies, … ?
4. You need some place to sleep in tonight, … ?
5. The children eat a lot of sweets, … ?
6. The dress is ready, … ?
7. Mother didn’t cook in the morning, … ?
8. You have to pay the service charge, … ?
9. She gets off at the next stop, … ?
10. It’s the dullest book I’ve ever read, … ?
11. It stopped raining at last, … ?
12. They bought a new house, … ?
3.14. Mark and Jenny went into the travel agent’s to book a holiday. These are some of the questions that were asked. Add the question tags.
1. It’s a lovely place. You haven’t been there before, … ?
2. It’s a bit expensive. You haven’t got anything cheaper, … ?
3. You can’t give us a discount, … ?
4. You haven’t had a holiday with us before, … ?
5. That won’t be too expensive, … ?
6. We went there a couple of years ago, but we didn’t like it very much, … ?
7. Oh dear. We don’t have to fly on a Saturday, … ?
8. And we don’t have to pay extra for the coach, … ?
9. There won’t be any other extras to pay for, … ?
3.15. Mark and Jenny were showing some family photographs to a friend. Here are some of the questions that were asked. Complete the questions by adding the question tags.
1. That’s a lovely picture of Sally. She looks just like Mary, … ?
2. I think you’ve seen this one before, … ?
3. This one was taken in Scotland, … ?
4. We took this one on holiday, … ?
5. We’ll be going there again next year, … ?
6. You can see the sea in the distance, … ?
7. That must be Jenny’s mother and father, … ?
8. The weather was lovely, … ?
9. Yes, then it started to rain, … ?
10. Those mountains look very high, … ?
11. Yes. We walked right to the top, …, Jenny?
12. Yes. We’d never done anything like that before, … ?
13. Nearly everyone is asleep in this one, … ?
14. There’s something wrong with this one, … ?
15. That’s me. I’m looking awfully fat, … ?
3.16. Complete these questions with the appropriate question tags.
1. I see, you’ve crashed the car, … ?
2. Oh, so you just borrowed it, … ?
3. You were going to see some friends, … ?
4. It was only a couple of miles, … ?
5. You were driving very carefully, … ?
6. The other car just ran into you, … ?
7. You forgot to write down the car’s number, … ?
8. Oh, you’re very sorry, … ?
9. And you’ll pay for the damage, … ?
10. And you’ll be more careful next time, … ?
3.17. Use question tags to complete these sentences.
1. Everyone was there, … ?
2. Nobody was watching, … ?
3. Everybody knew, … ?
4. Nothing really matters, … ?
5. Something funny happened, … ?
6. There was nobody there, … ?
7. There’s no time to spare, … ?
8. Nobody understands, … ?
9. Everything is all right, … ?
10. Everyone has arrived, … ?
3.18. Add question tags to these statements to make them into questions asking someone to confirm what you are saying, or to agree with you.
1. You’ve met George, … ?
2. They won’t be too late, … ?
3. Helen left a message for me, … ?
4. There isn’t time for another game, … ?
5. Nobody saw what happened, … ?
6. Something’s wrong, … ?
7. Somebody has made a mistake, … ?
8. You didn’t do it, … ?
9. I’ll see you tomorrow, … ?
10. He knows where you are, … ?
11. Don’t do it again, … ?
12. Everybody is in agreement, … ?
3.19. Add suitable question tags.
1. You are not doing what I told you, … ?
2. I don’t think John’s very friendly, … ?
3. David is bringing some wine, … ?
4. Nobody knows who invented the wheel, … ?
5. You don’t need me any more, … ?
6. The ticket to London doesn’t cost a lot, … ?
7. You aren’t too busy to talk, … ?
8. Jean owns a restaurant, … ?
9. Pam and Tom got married last year, … ?
10. They didn’t come on time for the meeting, … ?
3.20. Add a question tag to each sentence.
1. We are nearly there, … ?
2. You haven’t got a spare pen, … ?
3. You are coming to my party, … ?
4. You won’t be late, … ?
5. Harry’s fifteen, … ?
6. Kate and Pat live in Leeds, … ?
7. You don’t feel very well, … ?
8. You like fish, … ?
9. We’ve got a test tomorrow, … ?
10. Richard bought a new bike, … ?
11. There isn’t any milk in the fridge, … ?
3.21. Write a short answer for each question, beginning as shown.
| 1. Have you been ill long? | No, … . |
| 2. Are you waiting for me? | Yes, … . |
| 3. Did you go to the cinema? | Yes, … . |
| 4. Will you be here tomorrow? | Yes, … . |
| 5. Did you have to pay a lot? | No, … . |
| 6. Can you help me with this problem? | No, … . |
| 7. Do you know where the theatre is? | Yes, … . |
| 8. Is George going to be there? | No, … . |
| 9. Have you ever been to Brazil? | No, … . |
| 10. Do you like sausages? | Yes, … . |
| 11. Are you coming to the match tomorrow? | Yes, … . |
| 12. Did Helen phone you yesterday? | No, … . |
| 13. Has Jack done his homework? | Yes, … . |
| 14. Can Robert and Sue skate? | Yes, … . |
| 15. Will you be late? | No, … . |
| 16. Has July got a brother? | No, … . |
| 17. Is that your house? | Yes, … . |
| 18. Did Jane give you that book? | No, … . |
3.22. Rewrite these requests using question tags.
Model 1: Could you open the door, please? → You couldn’t open the door, could you? (Sentences 1 – 7)
Model 2: Please don’t be late. → You won’t be late, will you? (Sentences 8 – 10)
1. Do you know what time the next train leaves?
2. Would you look after the children for us, please?
3. Could you tell me what to do?
4. Would you lend me your car, please?
5. Could you come round tomorrow?
6. Have you got time to help me out?
7. Could you do the shopping while you are out?
8. Please don’t spend too much.
9. Please don’t drive too fast.
10. Please don’t be angry with him.
3.23. In pairs, look at this conversation. Where do you think the conversation is happening? Read it out between you, adding a question tag in each gap.
A – This is great, _____?
B – Yes, it is. And there’s plenty of food, _____?
A – Absolutely. The bride looks stunning, _____?
B – I know, and her new husband’s so handsome, _____?
A – Yes, but he doesn’t say much, _____?
B – No, he can’t speak very good English, _____?
A – Hmm… That’s not Roger, _____?
B – Yes. He’s a bit fat, _____?
A – You’re telling me. That can’t be his new partner, _____?
B – I’m not sure. Let’s find out, _____?
3.24. Read out these sentences, adding a question tag. Decide whether you want it to be: 1) a real question, with a rising intonation, or 2) a request for confirmation, with a falling intonation.
It’s a lovely day.
The exam’s on Wednesday.
We’ve never met before.
They don’t like each other.
You don’t agree.
He didn’t say that.
Ben’s really full of himself.
There aren’t any left.
This is absolutely rubbish.
I’ll see you again.
You’ve got my dictionary.
Kate’s beautiful.
You’ve finished now.
That isn’t a right thing to do.
Something’s wrong.
We’ve got plenty of time.
In pairs, choose some of the questions and write short dialogues, e.g.
A – You know Paul, don’t you?
B – No, I don’t think I’ve ever met him.
A – Are you sure? Weren’t you at Jane’s party last month? He was the DJ.
B – Oh, that’s Paul. Yes, I know him!
3.25. Make a new sentence with a tag question which has the same meaning as the first sentence, beginning as shown. Make any necessary changes.
Model: I’m sure that Paul doesn’t like football.
Paul doesn’t like football, does he?
1. I’m checking that you’ve cooked the dinner.
You ………………………………………….........................................................
2. I don’t think that you’ve done your homework!
You ……………………………………………………………………………….
3. I’m angry that you sat next to Ellen!
You ……………………………………………………………………………….
4. I’m surprised that the guests have arrived.
The guests …………………………………...........................................................
5. I’m checking that your name is John.
Your name………………………………………………………………………...
6. I’m surprised to meet you and think that your name might be John.
Your name………………………………………………………………………...
7. You’re certain that you didn’t leave your wallet in the desk.
You ……………………………………………………………………………….
8. You’re surprised that William has got married.
William……………………………………………………………………………
9. You’re checking that this book is by Geoffrey Archer.
This book……………………….............................................................................
3.26. Work in two groups. Agree a list of the ten best questions to help you guess the identity of an object you can’t see, e.g. What’s it made of? How big is it? Is it man-made? The questions must start with one of the question words (what, when, who, where, why, which, whose, how). You can’t ask what the object is called.
3.27. Work in two teams. Each team has to make a question (it can be a wh- or yes/no question), and for each grammatically correct question the team earns a point, but each question word can only be used once. You might find the following prompts handy.
what, when, who, where, why, which, whose, how (how much, how many, how long, how big, how often, etc.), do, does, did, have, has, had, am, are, is, was, were, will, would, can, could, must, may, might, should
3.28. Work in pairs. Ask each other as many questions as you can about something (clothes, shoes, bag, flat, eating habits, spending habits, daily routines, job, studies, hobbies, family, dreams, plans for the future, etc.).
3.29. INTERVIEWS
In pairs, ask questions to help you fill in this form with information about your partner, e.g. What’s your name?
| Name | Age |
| Address | Nationality |
| Marital status | |
| Children | |
| Telephone number | Job |
3.30. REPLY QUESTIONS
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