The speciality of defectology
Description of a profession:
The profession of the speech pathologist is on a joint of medicine and pedagogics.
Defectology - the science studying regularities and features of development of children with physical and mental defects and questions of their training and education.
The speech pathologist - the expert who works with such children. The purpose of its work - the greatest possible development and adaptation of these children in social, educational, household, professional and other spheres.
There is some defektologic of specialties - a surdopedagogic, oligophrenopedagogics, tiflopedagogics, logopedics.
Surdopedagogics trains children with hearing shortcomings, from absolutely deaf to the hard of hearing; oligophrenopedagogic trains children with shortcomings of intellectual development, the visual impairment specialist - with sight shortcomings.
The logopedist - the broad specialist working with all types of speech violations.
The speech pathologist examines the child, by diagnostics reveals the available violations, leading discussions with parents, finds out circumstances under which the disease arose and developed, if necessary appoints additional inspections and analyzes their results.
All this allows to define precisely character of a deviation and to choose the direction for purposeful work on correction.
Personal qualities: to become the good expert, the high intelligence, intuition, observation, communicative abilities, emotional stability are required. It has to be attentive, sympathetic, tactful, sociable, patient, show tendency to work with children. For mastering a profession and further work it is necessary to have good memory, high communicative abilities. The competent and distinct speech, well trained voice, resistance to stress, strong nervous system is necessary.
Education :The teacher-speech pathologist has to own competently techniques of diagnostics, training and development of children with certain deviations, to be able to come into contact with the pupils of different age, to be responsible, purposeful and benevolent. It has to have knowledge of pedagogics and psychology, fundamentals of medicine, it is fine to understand mechanisms of influence of these or those deviations on the general development and to see opportunities for their compensation.
Place of work and pit:Preschool or school educational institutions, and also state or private centers.
Related professions: psychologist, doctor, logopedist, kindergarten teacher
|
|
|
2.Translate and make up sentences with….
1. social
2. symptoms
3. level
4. suffer
5. to compare
Examination task № 23
1. Read and translate the text:
Abstraction
Abstraction-mental exarticulation of this or that property of a concrete subject or phenomenon and derivation from its other properties. it is made already in the course of perception in relation to sensual properties of subjects (e.g., allocation of a form and derivation from color or on the contrary). Higher form Abstraction inseparably linked with the first — exarticulation of more and more general essential properties of object of knowledge, identification of its nature. This form Abstraction mean when speak about abstract, abstract concepts.
Abstraction is closely connected with generalization. Generalizing subjects or the phenomena, the person distracts from distinctions between them. Generalizing certain signs, properties, he distracts from a complete image of each subject. Abstraction is inseparable from words which "represent derivation from reality and allow generalization" (I. P. Pavlov).
Process opposite Abstraction the specification — thought of concrete manifestations of a certain general property of a subject or phenomenon is. For development of thinking of the person important, that And. and a specification at it were interconnected and he understood how the general, abstract is found in private manifestations.
At abnormal children this cogitative operation proceeds peculiar. The greatest difficulties in abstraction are experienced by mentally retarded children. Inferiority of operations of the analysis and generalization, and also a delay in development of the speech therefore they are often not capable to find the general properties of subjects and to consider ikhizolirovanno from other properties is peculiar to this category of abnormal children. Complicates them and process of a specification.
2.Translate and make up sentences with….
1. immediately
2. mistake
3. perspective
4. future
5. tendency
|
|
|
Examination task № 24
1. Read and translate the text:
Autismly
Autismly-the disease state of mentality which is characterized by concentration of the person on the experiences, leaving from the real outside world. Autism orientation in time is often broken, events of the present mix up with a past, real with fantastic (especially at children). Autismly meets at schizophrenia, then the phenomenon, caused by it, are shown especially brightly and can be complicated by crazy ideas and frustration of consciousness. conducts to a divergence or empty, fruitless activity. At children Autismly expressed by violation of behavior, imaginations, decrease of the activity in games; school students lose interest in the doctrine, experience difficulties in school lessons. Children become gloomy, closed, their character changes, they lose contact with the contemporaries and adults. Autismly is shown also in reduction of speech contact, sometimes the child absolutely ceases to use the speech (mutizmly) and doesn't react on the (surdomutizmly). Treatment Autismly at not sharply expressed symptoms it is important to organize correctly a day regimen of the child, parents and the teacher (or the tutor) have to carry out systematically psychotherapeutic influence during games, occupations, in labor processes and conversations, to cultivate interest in vigorous activity at the child, to direct and connect activity of the child with children's collective. In hard cases the child needs drug treatment on doctor's orders.
2.Translate and make up sentences with….
1. the possibility
2. scientific
3. value
4. significant
5. transition
Examination task № 25
1. Read and translate the text:
Logopedic hospital
Logopedic hospitalmedical educational institution for rendering the specialized help to the preschool children and school students suffering from heavy speech violations — various forms of an alaliya and aphasia (motor, touch, etc.), an anartriya and a dizartriy, rinola-liy, difficult dislaliya, Alexia and a dyslexia, agraphia and a dysgraphia, stutter. In logopedic hospital offices for preschool children and school students will be organized.
|
|
|
Logopedic hospitalcarries out special classes in elimination of a speech shortcoming, all necessary actions (medicamentous, psychotherapeutic, physiotherapeutic), and also carries out supervision for received medical treatment and training in a hospital.
Logopedic hospitalwill be organized at psychoneurological hospitals as special office of hospital. The manager of office, the logopedist-methodologist having the higher defektological education or the doctor-neuropsychologist familiar with speech pathology heads it. The manager of office is responsible for all medical and pedagogical work of Logopedic hospital .
Logopedic work in a hospital is carried out by the teachers-logopedists having the higher defektological education or the general pedagogical education and special logopedic preparation. In work with children group and individual forms of occupations are used, methods of work are differentiated taking into account nature of speech violation, its pathogenesis and features of mental development of the child.
Reception in logopedic hospitalis made through the selection commissions at psychoneurological clinics and hospitals on representation of regional neuropsychologist, neuropathologists and logopedists. Patients are in logopedic hospital from 3 to 8 months. In some cases this term can be prolonged about one year.
Logopedic hospitalfunctions constantly, without interruption on summer vacation.
2.Translate and make up sentences with….
1. to train
2. muscles
3. aural
4. to confuse
5. facial
Дата добавления: 2018-05-09; просмотров: 1626; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы! |
Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!