Children with a hearing disorder
The hearing plays very important role in development of the person. The person deprived of hearing has no opportunity to perceive those sound signals which are important for full-fledged knowledge of world around, for creation of complete and comprehensive ideas of subjects and the phenomena of reality. At heavy violations of people can't use many sources of information calculated on the hearing person (broadcasts, lectures and so forth) fully to perceive contents of telecasts, movies, theatrical performances. The hearing role in mastering the person the speech is especially important. Owing to this fact possibilities of communication with people, so, and knowledge as one of important ways of information transfer is oral speech are sharply limited. Absence or an underdevelopment of the speech conducts, in turn, to violations in development of other informative processes and, mainly, verbal thinking. The resistant hearing disorder as primary defect leads to a number of the secondary deviations in development affecting both cognitive activity, and the identity of the child in general.
The children having resistant (irreversible) bilateral (on both ears) violation of acoustical function at which usual speech communication with people around is complicated (relative deafness) treat category of children with a hearing disorder or it is impossible (deafness). This category of children represents diverse group.
On a condition of hearing distinguish children hard of hearing, suffering from relative deafness, and deafs.
1. Translate and make up sentences with….
1. low
2. to impeded
3. handicapped
4. relevant
5. encompassing
Examination task № 11
1. Read and translate the text:
Relative deafness and deafness
On a condition of hearing distinguish children hard of hearing, suffering from relative deafness, and deafs.
Relative deafness – the permanent hearing impairment causing difficulties in perception of the speech. Relative deafness can be expressed in various degree – from small violation of perception of the speech before sharp restriction of perception of the speech of colloquial loudness. Children with relative deafness are called children hard of hearing. They are characterized by that their partial acoustical insufficiency leads not only to reduction of volume to the perceived speech information and a qualitative originality of speech information. Existence of residual hearing much in more bigger degree, than at deaf children, allows hard of hearing to save up spontaneously a certain lexicon and to use it for communication with people around. However at early the come or congenital relative deafness without special training oral speech at children hard of hearing doesn't develop.
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Deafness – the sharpest extent of defeat of hearing at which the legible perception of the speech becomes impossible. Deaf children are children with the deep, resistant bilateral hearing disorder acquired in the early childhood or congenital. Deafness as primary defect, being connected with secondary violation of development – the speech, leads to some other deviations of mental development. So, serious violations of the verbal speech and furthermore its total absence, are negatively reflected in visual perception, in development not only verbal, but also evident thinking and other informative processes.
1. Translate and make up sentences with….
1. measure
2. research
3. proportion
4. versus
5. experimentation
Examination task № 12
1. Read and translate the text:
Children with violations of the speech
Violations of the speech – the collective term for designation of aberrations, accepted in this language environment, in whole or in part interfering speech communication and limiting possibilities of social adaptation of the person. Violations of the speech are caused by deviations in the physiological mechanism of the speech, don't meet age standard, independently aren't overcome and can have impact on mental development. In special literature the term "violation of the speech" are replaced with other terms: speech disturbance, defects of the speech, speech pathology, speech deviations.
Specifics of deviations and their expressiveness depend on time of their manifestation (in the course of speech development or after its end) on the level of mental and intellectual development of the child, on influence of environment and other factors.
Are the main reasons for pathology of the speech:
various pre-natal pathology which leads to violation of development of a fruit. The most rough defects of the speech arise at violation of development of a fruit during the period from four weeks to four months. Developing of speech pathology is promoted by toxicosis at pregnancy, a viral infection, endocrine diseases, injuries, a Rhesus factor conflict, etc.;
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patrimonial trauma and asphyxia at the time of delivery;
various diseases in the first years of life of the child. Frequent infectious viral diseases, early gastrointestinal frustration are especially dangerous;
brain injuries;
hereditary factors, In these cases of violation of the speech can be partial manifestations of the general violation of nervous system and be combined with intellectuality and motive insufficiency;
the adverse social conditions resulting in pedagogical neglect, vegetative dysfunction, violations of the emotional and strong-willed sphere and pathological development of the speech.
1. Translate and make up sentences with….
1. observation
2. analysis
3. generalization
4. description
5. qualitative
Examination task № 13
1. Read and translate the text:
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