Work in pairs. Ask each other questions (and answer them) about what shops you will go to and what you will b« if you come to Paris.
HOLIDAYS IN THE USA Halloween
On October 31-st Brit-ish people celebrate Halloween. Though it is not a public holiday, it is very dear to those who celebrate it, especially to children and teenagers. This day was originally called All Hallow's Eve because it fell on the eve of All Saints' Day. The name was later shortened to Halloween. According to old beliefs, Halloween is the time, when the veil between the living and the dead is partially lifted, and witches, ghosts and other super natural beings are about.
Now children celebrate Halloween in unusual costumes and masks. It is a festival of merry making, superstitions spells, fortune telling, traditional games and pranks.
Few holidays tell us much old the past as Halloween. Its origins dateback to a time, when people believed in devils, witches alld ghosts. Many Halloween customs are based on beliefs of the ancient Celts, who lived more than 2,000 years ago in what is now Great Britain, Ireland, and northern France.
Every year the Celts celebrated the Druid festival of Samhain, Lord of the Dead and Prince of Darkness. It fell of October 31, the eve of the Druid new year. The date marked tW end of summer, or the time when the sun retreated before trtf
powers of darkness and the reign of the Lord of Death began. The Dun god took .part in the holiday and received thanks for the year's harvest.
It was believed that evil spirits sometimes played tricks on October 31. They could also do all kinds of damage to property. Some people tried to ward of the witches by painting magic signs on their barns. Others tried to frighten them away by nailing a piece of iron, such as a horseshoe, over the door.
Many fears and superstitions grew up about this day. An old Scotch superstition was that witches - those who had sold their souls to the devil - left in their beds on Halloween night a stick made by magic to look like themselves. Then they would fly up the chime attended by a black cat.
VOCABULARY
to celebrate-тойлау
witches-жын-шайтандар
ghosts-аруақтар
to believe-сену
beliefs-сенімдер
ancient-ескі, ежелгі
Celt-кельт
door-есік
a black cat-қара мысық
Answer the questions:
1. Does the following statement correspond to the content of the text?
Halloween is a public holiday in Great Britain.
2. Does the following statement correspond to the content of the text?
The original name of the festival was All Hallows' Eve.
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3. Does the following statement correspond to the content of the text?
British people usually decorate a New Year tree on that day.
4. Does the following statement correspond to the content of the text? Many people try to know their future on that day.
PUBLIC HOLIDAYS IN THE USA
There are light public holidays a year in the United States that is days on which people need not to in to work. There are: New Year, Martin Luther^King's Day, Presidents' Day, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labour Day, Columbus Day, Halloween, Thanksgiving, Christmas.
Presidents' Day is celebrated in February. It is the day on which two great Americans are honoured: George Washington, the country's first President, and Abraham Lincoln, the President who headed the country during the Civil War and put an end to slavery. Both George Washington and Abraham Lincoln were born in February.
Memorial Day. On Memorial Day Americans honour the soldiers killed in war. There are always parades on this day. Memorial Day is celebrated on the last Monday in May, and that's why it marks the beginning of the summer season. Many people spend this day on he beach.
Independence Day. The Fourth of July, or Independence Day, is, of course, the most important American holiday. In was on July 4, 1776, that the American colonies declared their independence from Britain. The Fourth of July is a traditional day for family picnics and, at night, fireworks.
VOCABULARY
]siew Year-жаңа жыл
presidents' Day-елбасшы күні
Memorial Day-еске алу күні
Independence Day-тэуелсіздік күні
Martin Luther King's Day-Король Мартин Лютер күні
Labour Day-жұмысшылар күні
Columbus Day-колумбус күні
Thanksgiving-қайырылымдық күні
to celebrate-тойлау
soldiers-солдаттар
Questions:
What two great Americans are honoured on Presidents' Day?
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Whom does Memorial Day honour?
Which is the most important American holiday? Why is it most
important? When is it celebrated?
OUR NATIONAL HOLIDAYS
Nauruz
There are a lot of different holidays in the Republic of Kazakhstan: official, professional, and religious. Among the official ones there are the New Year, the Women's Day, Nauruz, the Day of Unity or the Peoples of Kazakhstan, the Victory Day, the Day of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Day of Independence.
The mode of life of people, traditional crafts, interrelations, customs and traditions are weii comprehended through traditional dishes. The strict nomadic life laws have created moral and ethic norms. The whole clan and tribe shared the joys and sorrows of life, any unexpected traveller was an honoured guest. Any steppe inhabtant knew, that he was a welcome guest and had a right to his share. This steppe tradition was strictly observed and is still observed today by the host of any house.
In our days main features of the old rituals exist, are carefully kept and followed. And one of the most popular holidays is Nauruz.
Nauruz, the modern Kazakh word for the New Year comes from Persian "nau - new, ruz - year". Before that the New Year was called "Ulis kuni" meaning tribe or clan day. The tradition of reconcilliation between relatives around a festive table, exchange of presents and good wishes was set for this day. The
beginning of the year is announced by the appearance of greenary. The patient resistance to the winter hardships has come to an end, and now with the coming of spring it is time to participate in the life-giving festival.
The main ritual dish of this festival is nauruz-kozheh. Nau-ruz-kozheh always includes seven ingredients, signifying the seven life beginnings - water meat, salt, fat, flour, cereal (rice, corn, wheat) and milk. They symbolize joy, luck, wisdom, health, wealth speed growth and Heavenly protection. If milk symbolizes the new year, the old year is symbolized by meat, particularly smoked meat from the reserves of the past year. In spring people are in a hurry to revive themselves both physically and spiritually, liquidate their debts, get rid of old unwanted things, repair clothes, the house, water canals and wells, ask for
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forgiveness for past wrongs, reconcile with neighbours, invite guests and present relatives with gifts. Everyone has to visit seven houses and invite seven guest to his home.
Today the Kazakhs meet Nauruz in the streets, squares, parks and stadiums. Thousands of people witness sharp verbal competitions of akyns, contests in national sports - Kazakhsha-kures, toguz kumalak, horse competitions like Kyz-Kuu, Baiga, Various dramatized shows and theatrical marches, presenting national customs and pituals attract people and teach them to respect national culture and native land, promote rapprochemnt and mutual understanding of different nations.
VOCABULARY
custom - салт-дэстүр sorrow - қайғы, уайым relative - туыс festive - мерекелік
good wish - жақсы тілек
to participate -атсалысу, қатысу
ingredient - құрамы
flour - ұн
health - денсаулық
to be in a hurry - асығу
debt - қарыз, міндет
well -құдық
to ask for forgiveness- кешірім сұрау
wrong - зұлымдық, эділетсіздік
neighbour - көрші
gift -сыйлық
to witness - куәгер болу
to respect - құрметтеу
native land - туған жер
Questions
1. What is comprehended through traditional dishes? '
2. What did the strict nomadic life laws create?
3. Whom was any steppe inhabitant?
4. What does the word "Nauruz" mean?
5. What is the tradition of this day?
6. What is the main ritual dish of this festival?7. How many ingredients does it include?
8. What do they signify?
9. What do they symbolize?
10. What does milk symbolize?
11. What is the old year symbolized by?
12. What are people in a hurry to do in spring?
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13. Where do the Kazakh usually meet Nauruz?
14. What do they witness?
15. What do various dramatized shows and theatrical marches teach people?
NEW YEAR
New Year's Eve is a time of merriment in America. At
midnight, bells ring, horns blow, and friends kiss each other.
Everyone stays up late to celebrate the coming of another new
year.
At home or in restaurants, most Americans spend the last
hours of the old year and the first
hours of the new year drinking and
dining with friends-One of the greatest of New
Year's Eve celebrations takes place
in New York City at Time Square.
Thousands of New Yorkers gather
there, and millions of Americans join
them watching TV.
After the new year officially arrives, most party-goers enjoy a good
supper. New Year's Eve celebrations
often continue until two or three
o'clock in the morning. Many people travel from one party to another to celebrate with several different groups of friends.
Following a long New Year's Eve, Americans spend a quiet Mew Year's Day. In most homes, everyone sleeps late, then enjoys a late breakfast and TV with the family and friends.
Many Americans make New Year's resolutions, promising to improve their behaviour. Typical New Year's resolutions are to spend less money, give up smoking or go on a diet.
VOCABULARY
restaurant-мейрамхана
to celebrate-тойлау
to watch-көру
to sleep-ұ-йықтау
to spend -1 .өткізу, 2.жұмсау
money-ақша
to smoke-темекі тарту
Questions:
When is New Year celebrated?
How is New Year usually celebrated?
Tasks:
Describe the New Year party at your college.
Tell the group about the tradition of having a New Year tree to
celebrate the New Year.
WHAT IS ON TV?
Television. During the 1950's more and more people began to watch television. In 1948 there were only 17,000 television sets in the United States. By 1960 the number was up to 46 million. Ninety percent of American families had TV sets. And people were spending more and more time watching TV.
Television brought many interesting and entertaining shows into American living rooms. Americans could watch some of the
world's best actors without leaving their homes. The ^ news was like a living newspaper. Sports fans enjoyed broad, casts from all over the country. Such kinds of sport as football and basketball grew in popularity because of television. Many people also watched operas, concerts and plays.
Assem:Did you see "Othello" on television last night?
Nazgul:The opera, you mean? No, I didn't, Iwas out.
Assem:I saw it, and quite enjoyed it.
Nazgul:Did you? I thbught you didn't approve of television.
Assem: 1don't as a regular thing, but I happened to be round at
my sister's, and she wanted to see it, so 1 watched it too.
Nazgul:Have you thought any more about getting a set?
Assem:No, I don't think I shall. Though there's a good deal of
pressure, of course.
Nazgul:From your family?
Assem:From my daughter in particular. All her school friends
talk about it so much.
Nazgul: Iknow. You'd think they never did anything else but
sit glued to the television screen.
Assem:That's mostly what I object to, the time it wastes.
Nazgul:It isn't the television that wastes the time, it's you.
Assem:I know that, but I have a deep distrust of myself. So it's
probably better to avoid the occasion of sin. Don't you think?
VOCABULARY
television set-теледидар
percent-пайыз
interesting-қызықты
shows-көрсетілімдер
news-жаңалықтар
newspaper-газет
to approve-қолдау, келісу
to think-ойлану
Questions:
Do you like to watch TV?
What do you think: how does television affect your life?
Do you think the effect is good or bad? Why?
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