Identify the sets of synonyms in the sentences given below. Find the dominant synonym for each set. Identify the types of synonyms.
1. The manor house in Hampshire had long since passed from the family, the fortune was diminished; but Sir Hugo’s long and melancholy face framed by a collar of exquisite lace still stared with arrogant condescension at the passing crowd, the definitive seventeenth-century Royalist gentleman.
2. Birds of prey are animal hunters and most catch their prey alive, killing it quickly with their especially strong feet or talons, and if necessary tearing it into smaller pieces to swallow.
3. People are beginning to come round, it’s not as bad as it used to be, but some of the professors can be a bit aloof and you can feel like Cinderella sometimes.
4. It was money that gave that snooty lift of the chin, too, that masterful stance and walk and that stuck-up voice.
5. A short cork is perfectly adequate for a wine destined to be drunk within a few years.
6. She swigged a mouthful of wine with relish, irrigating her tongue to savour the bitter fruitiness.
7. “I knew I’d win,” she said with a smug smile.
8. October is the cocktail month in Washington; the British embassy can be throwing three parties a week, and he inevitably found himself sipping deep-frozen Scotch with a wing-commander from the Office.
9. She never doubted she was much better than others so she spoke in a lofty manner.
10. I expect John’s out boozing with his mates.
Identify the sets of synonyms in the sentences given below. Find the dominant synonym for each set. Identify the types of synonyms.
1. “Now I’ve caught you, you young thief!” shouted the Station Master.
2. “Sometimes I wonder how he passed his 0-levels,” Daddy said as we crawled over the cobbles and out of the village.
3. She bellowed so loud she nearly blew the little chap out of the window.
4. “Yes!” he cried proudly, “I’ve got a very exciting job!”
5. Have you noticed the new realism creeping into TV ads?
6. “For Christ’s sake, get out!” he roared, and after an interminable second, he heard her footsteps running down the stairs and then the sound of her car on the drive.
7. There crawled into my mind one nasty little question that I’d been fighting off till now.
8. She came stumbling back into the dining car followed by a commotion of people yelling behind her.
9. Women ran screaming with children in their arms, and old folk tripped over one another trying to escape the slaughter.
10. Just before it began to get light, Liza Carrow, carrying a torch and with an old coat thrown over her nightdress, crept out of Four Winds and walked towards the cliff.
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EUPHEMISMS
Match the euphemisms to the plain English version given in the box.
1. His grandfather passed away. (died)
2. My father is between jobs but has two interviews today. (Unemployed)
3. The peace officer apprehended the sanitation man for speeding. (police officer and garbage man)
4. The sales associate answered in the affirmative when the judge asked him if he had ever been incarcerated. (salesperson and arrested)
5. The manager complained to his administrative assistant of inventory shrinkage. (secretary and
6. Our son is a special child. (retarded?)
7. Dan’s supervisor laid him off because he was unmotivated. (
8. American football is a physical game, and has disabled many players.
9. The individual was accused of appropriating funds.
10. The correctional facility has 220 inmates, five of whom are facing capital punishment.
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Person, stealing, rough, lazy, death penalty, theft, prison, fired, retarded, money, imprisoned.
ANTONYMY
Find antonyms in the following sentences. Identify their types.
1. No courier had come from the south. – Further west the US Corps together with the highly mobile French forces, thrust deep into Iraq in order to prevent Iraqi forces from escaping to the north.(vectorial)
2. Nevertheless the grandmother was a strong influence. – He had been born just over two months after the marriage, and they named him Charles Benjamin after his paternal grandfather and father respectively.(conversive)
3. It was so disgusting that we could not eat it, so we left the dining-room with empty stomachs. – Coated with delicious French walnuts, the joints of prime English ham are cooked to perfection.
4. A witness who saw the incident described the driver as white, about 25 years old, six feet tall, and of slim build with broad shoulders. – He was a small, fat Indian with a fussy manner and clever eyes.
5. Her slender body was untidily bundled up in a big leathery jacket and she was wearing long, shiny red boots. – You’re a very plain-looking person, small and rather squat.
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6. She accepted his warning without comment, but she took it to heart. –While it conceded that there had been arrests, the government rejected the other allegations as ‘groundless’.
7. Sweet Rose was sobbing now, her whole frame shaking. – He was laughing agreeably now, in complete control, but she knew it was a pose, that underneath there was something dark and dangerous which he wouldn’t reveal just yet.
8. Adjustment to their changing role and position in society can be so painful that some old people fail to achieve it satisfactorily and live at odds with society in bewildered but proud withdrawal. – He looked at me with bright eyes, unperplexed.
PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS
Translate the following phraseological units including the animal denotations. What are the ways to translate them? Characterize the phraseological units according to V.V. Vinogradov’s classification.
a) Like a Cheshire Cat, the cat among the pigeons, birds of a feather, a big fish, at a snail’s pace, when hell freezes, to have bats in the belfry, till the cows come home, to chatter like a magpie, an old bird, neither fish nor fowl, Don’t look a gift horse in the mouth, close as an oyster, to make a mountain out of a molehill, straight from the horse’s mouth, donkey’s years, dog’s ears, to see pink elephants, to drink like a fish, to lead a cat and dog life, to play a cat-and-mouse game.
b) Not to move a finger, butter wouldn’t melt in one’s mouth, get one’s teeth into, to have a finger in every pie, to face the music, a face like thunder, to fall on deaf ears, to look sb in the eye, to have a bad hair day, to have eyes bigger than one’s stomach, the evil eye, to make sheep’s eye at, here’s mud in one’s eye, foot and mouth disease, to put one’s foot in one’s mouth, to have two left feet, to put one’s best foot forward, to live from hand to mouth, to be all fingers and thumbs.
EPONYMS
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