Use the English equivalents for the words and phrases in brackets.
1. Science helped develop /современное оружие/.
2. Science develops more and more /решений/ to the energy problem.
3. Scientists predict /землетрясения/.
4. Knowledge is /необходимы/ for people.
5. Scientists are trying to /сохранить мир/ through research.
6. The problem of /обеспечения мира/ with enough energy is essential.
7. /Мировые ресурсы/ are not limitless.
8. Science studies /Вселенную/ and how to use its /возможности/.
9. Technology will affect people even more /в будущем/.
Complete the following sentences. Use the vocabulary of the text.
1. Scientists have learned to use the energy of __________ .
2. Science helped improve __________ .
3. Knowledge is essential for people to find __________ .
4. The study of science provides people with __________ .
5. Scientists study many natural phenomena such as ______ .
6. A basic knowledge of science __________ .
5. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following Russian phrases:
создать современное оружие; сохранять мир; улучшить жизнь; проблема обеспечения мира энергией; разработать ряд решений энергетической проблемы; анализировать мировые ресурсы; сообща пользоваться ресурсами; знания, предоставляемые кому-либо наукой; Вселенная; использовать возможности на благо человека; быть связанным с современной техникой; результат технических достижений; иметь огромное значение для чьей-либо жизни; давать людям понимание чего-либо; предсказывать землетрясения; изучать различные аспекты биологии человека; происхождение и развитие человеческого рода; элементарное знание науки; ориентироваться в меняющемся мире.
6. Use the key phrases given below to retell the text:
for the benefit of men; important; to understand natural world; to develop; advances in technology; essential for people’s lives; the modern tools of war; to find new energy sources; to keep the peace; to supply the world with energy; to improve life.
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7. Guess the things which we use in our everyday life.
1. You wash clothes in it.
2. You use this thing to clean your flat, carpets.
3. You can communicate with people who are away from you using this thing. It is very compact; you can carry it in your bag or pocket. It has many functions, it can wake you up in the morning, you can enjoy listening to music with the help of it and even enjoy playing games.
4. You can wash dirty dishes in it.
5. You can cook, defrost and reheat pre prepared food in it.
washing-machine; vacuum cleaner; mobile telephone; dishwasher; microwave oven.
Discuss in your groups the main advantages and disadvantages of television, write them in two columns on your paper and express your own opinion.
1. Television is one of the greatest achievements of the 20th century. It is the most popular part of mass media. Television is the easiest and the cheapest source of information. It is an advantage.
2. One of the positive features about TV is that it educates us. There are programmes devoted to specialized subjects such as life of animals or plants, science, politics and many others. Watching such programmes we learn a lot of useful and interesting information.
3. TV gives us opportunity to travel around the world without getting up from the sofa. We can learn about life of people in different countries, their customs and traditions and we don’t pay for it.
4. There are very exciting, funny and humorous programmes, concerts full of wonderful music and songs especially on holidays. So, television entertains us and we like it because it makes us forget our everyday problems.
5. One of the disadvantages is that television sometimes substitutes our nearest and dearest. It prevents us from communicating with our friends and relatives.
6. Today you can see many films on TV which are filled with cruel and violent scenes that is very bad especially for children and teenagers.
7. Watching TV too much may be dangerous for your eyesight. It is a disadvantage.
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Text 2. Inventors and their inventions
Active vocabulary to remember
| achievement experimenter perspiration electromagnetic device inspiration theoretician revolving barrel bullet internal combustion engine fuel lorry dot-and-dash alphabet chemist rubber solution raincoat to penetrate comfortable reliable ghost independent stockholder difficulty | – достижение – экспериментатор – испарина, пот – электромагнитное (пусковое) устройство – вдохновение – теоретик – вращающийся барабан – пуля – двигатель внутреннего сгорания – топливо – грузовик – алфавит точка – тире – химик – раствор каучука, латекс – плащ – проникать, проходить сквозь – удобный, комфортный – надежный – привидение, призрак – независимый – акционер, пайщик – трудность, затруднение |
Edison is known as one of the greatest inventors of his time. He invented so much that it is difficult to say which of his achievements is the greatest. He was an experimenter and a practical man more than a theoretician. In 1868 Edison built his first patented invention - an electromagnetic device. All his inventions were the result of hard work. He sometimes made thousands of experiments. According to his words the idea that a genius works only by inspiration was absurd. “Genius is 2 per cent inspiration and 98 per cent perspiration,” he often said.
Samuel Colt was an American. He lived in the 19th century. In 1836 he designed and patented a pistol. It was a pistol with a revolving barrel that could fire 6 bullets one after the other. It was the first pistol of its kind. Later there came many other pistols with 6 bullets.
Rudolf Diesel was a German engineer. He was born in 1858 and died in 1913. In 1897 he invented a new internal combustion engine. This engine is known as a diesel and it began a transport revolution in cars, lorries, trains and ships. The main advantage of diesels is that they run on rather cheap fuel.
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Samuel Finley Morse was born in 1791. He died in 1872. He was a portrait painter. Then he became the inventor. For 12 years he tried to perfect the telegraph and he was a success. Later he invented the telegraphic dot-and-dash alphabet. Now it is known as Morse code. Morse code was not only one in America of that time. There were some others. But now we use Morse code all over the world.
Charles Makintosh lived from 1766 to 1843. He lived in Scotland and was a chemist by profession. He worked in a textile industry. In 1823 he developed a rubber solution. This rubber solution was used for raincoat production. Raincoats with this rubber solution didn’t allow water to penetrate. These raincoats were called makintoshes. Now people all over the world use them in spring and in autumn.
Charles Rolls was born in 1881 in Great Britain. He died in 1910. He was an aristocrat and businessman. He was especially interested in cars. Once he met another enthusiast of cars Henry Royce. Henry Royce was a famous car engineer. They decided to design the most comfortable and reliable car. At the beginning of the 20th century it seemed to be a fantasy. But they worked hard and at last in 1907 they created the world-famous Rolls-Royce car. It was so comfortable and reliable that one of the models of Rolls-Royce cars “Silver Ghost” hadn’t changed greatly for 20 years since 1907.
Gotlif Daimler and Charles Benz were two inventors. They lived in Germany. They were both interested in car production. At the end of the 19th century each of them designed a car. At the same time they organized two independent firms to produce them. All the cars produced by the firm of Daimler were called “Mercedes”. Mercedes was a daughter’s name of one of the stockholders of the firm. This man saved the firm of Daimler from the financial crisis at the beginning of the 20th century. But after the World War I the firm of Daimler met financial difficulties again. This time it had to join the firm of Benz. Since that time all the cars produced by the firm “Daimler-Benz” have been called “Mercedes-Benz”.
Practice:
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