Translate the following sentences from English into Russian
1. Services grew 8.3percent last year and for the first time accounted for more than half of the economy, climbing to 50.5% from 48.1% the year before.
2. Services generate more jobs per yuan of output, an important benefit as the country shifts to a slower growth rate.
3. The industry expands in tandem with higher household incomes as families spend more on education, insurance, restaurants, travel, and the other trappings of middle-class life.
4. President Xi Jinping stressed the role of services, innovation, and household consumption as the new economic drivers.
5. As the world’s second-largest economy, China has accounted for up to a third of global growth in recent years, so gearing up services and consumption matters at a time that many other emerging and developed economies are sagging.
6. While disposable income outperformed the economy, increasing 7.4% last year, many analysts said overall consumption figures generally include government spending, unlike statistics provided by most other nations.
7. The higher-skilled sectors – telecoms, information technology, computers, finance, and business services – arestill not a large share of the total service industry. And while some are growing, they aren’t growing very quickly.
VOCABULARYPRACTICE
Exercise № 4
Прилагательные weak и strong, a также существительные weakness и strength могут переводиться по-разному в зависимости от контекста. Ниже приведены варианты перевода этих слов на русский язык в текстах экономического содержания.
| STRONG · высокий, значительный (о темпах роста, курсах валют и других показателях) · развитый, богатый (о странах, экономике) · благоприятный (о ситуации на рынке / в экономике) · устойчивый, стабильный, твердый (о рынке, ценах, показателях) · веский, весомый, убедительный (об аргументах, теориях, доводах) · твердый, глубокий (об убеждениях, принципах, вере во что-либо) · обладающий определённой численностью; многочисленный · прочный, крепкий | WEAK · низкий, незначительный (о темпах роста, курсах валют и других показателях) · неразвитый, бедный (о странах, экономике) · неблагоприятный (о ситуации на рынке/ в экономике) · неустойчивый, нестабильный, колеблющийся (о рынке, ценах, показателях) · неубедительный (об аргументах, теориях, доводах) |
| STRENGTH · благоприятная ситуация (напр. в экономике) · высокий курс (валюты) · высокое значение (какого-либо показателя) · стабильность, устойчивость (рынка, экономики, показателя) · сила, мощь, вес (напр. государства) · состояние экономики | WEAKNESS · неблагоприятная ситуация (напр. в экономике) · низкий курс (валюты) · низкое значение (какого-либо показателя) · нестабильность, неустойчивость (рынка, экономики, показателя) · проблемы, слабые стороны (государства, экономики) |
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Translate the following sentences into Russian.
1. Employment and growth are weak and inflation according to the Fed has edged down.
2. A European Commission report argues that the weak pound reflects a shaky financial system in Britain and could lead to further economic destabilization.
3. Immigration has proved to be a strong argument for the supporters of Brexit.
4. The eurozone is still not strong enough to compensate for problems elsewhere, like in China, where there is the risk of a slowdown.
5. The strong yen, combined with sluggish domestic demand, is spurring Japan’s businessmen to expand abroad.
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6. Investors may have been placing too much faith in the capacity of central banks to counteract economic weakness.
7. Iron ore traders said that weak demand for steel in China, together with the collapse of the European steel market, was behind the drop in prices.
8. The stronger-than-expected figures for December bode well for other upcoming manufacturing data and the first quarter outlook.
9. The latest slump has been largely caused by declines in Chinese steel prices amid continued weak demand from the country’s manufacturing and construction industries.
10. In the face of unusually strong criticism from the EU, Romanian prime minister reversed course.
11. The big bright spot within the 17-country area has been Germany’s continuing strength.
12. U.S. industrial output slowed in March, a sign that weakness persists for manufacturers and the energy industry.
Exercise № 5
Следует обратить особое внимание на перевод терминов production, productivity, toproduce, product и прочих однокоренных слов.
| production | производство, добыча (полезных ископаемых) |
| productivity | производительность (как правило, труда) |
| produce (n) | продукция (как правило, сельскохозяйственная) |
| to produce (v) | 1) производить 2) приводить к чему-либо, давать результат |
| producer | производитель |
| product | товар, изделие, продукт |
| products | продукция |
| productive | производительный, эффективный |
| counterproductive | приводящий к обратным результатам, неэффективный |
А. Translate the following word combinations into Russian.
productivity rate; manufactured products; production facilities; agricultural produce; labour productivity; dairy produce; oil production; coal production; to increase production; production capacity; to produce result; to produce profit; to make products; industrial production; steel production; to produce machinery; productive labour; unit production costs.
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B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate derivatives of PRODUCT.
1. As any entrepreneur knows, cutting the price of a[___________] usually lifts demand for it.
2. Over the 2000-2011 period, Brazil’s share of world manufacturing [___________] went up from 1.7% to 2.9%.
3. If China wants to increase consumer living standards, a crucial step is to make its workers more [____________].
4. Investment in technology and the development of new varieties of corn have improved labour [____________].
5. Less than 100 workers are still in the factory, but management says [____________]could be renewed by the second half of next year.
6. Thus, the employment problem in the US is caused by changes in the world economic order, poor education and [____________] government policy.
7. The need to improve [____________] – through higher efficiency of equipment, labour reform, infrastructure investment, education and so on – is more glaring than ever.
8. Trading firms handling goods in demand from China, such as crude oil and agricultural [____________], have been attracted by tax breaks.
9. Industrial[___________] fell by 2.4 per cent year-on-year and, within that, manufacturing slumped by 5.3 per cent.
10. The US has made a huge leap in industrial competitiveness: unit[___________]costs are down 11 per cent over the past 10 years, while costs have risen in almost every other advanced nation.
11. In 1800 what we now call emerging economies were responsible for 71 per cent of world [____________], while the nations now categorized as the western world accounted for the remaining 29 per cent.
12. OPEC pumped 2.1 million barrels a day more than projected demand in April through June, the biggest [____________] for any quarter since 1998, the International Energy Agency estimates.
13. The port of Santos, through which passes a quarter of Brazil’s foreign trade and over half its shipments of agricultural [___________] such as corn, is set to play a pivotal role during the next few years as the country prepares for record grain exports.
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Exercise № 6
1) сapacity – 1) мощность, производительность 2) способность, возможность (делать что-либо)
· оvercapacity (syn. excesscapacity) – избыточные мощности, избыток мощностей
· sparecapacity (syn. reservecapacity) – свободные (неиспользуемые, простаивающие, резервные) мощности
· capacityutilization – загрузка производственных мощностей, коэффициент использования производственных мощностей.
2) facilities – 1) возможности 2) мощности (производственные) 3) оборудование, приспособления 4) здания, сооружения (заводов, фирм и т.п.)
NOTETHEDIFFERENCE!
capacity – «мощность» в значениях «объем производства», «возможный потенциал производства»
facilities – «мощности» в значениях «станки», «оборудование», «заводы»
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