Translate the article into Russian orally. What's going on in UK manufacturing?
What's going on in UK manufacturing?
Manufacturing accounts for about 10% of the output of the UK economy. The rest of the production industries: mining, quarrying, gas, electricity, water and sewage account for another 5%.
The service sector accounts for 79%, while construction makes up the final 6%.
In the last decade, manufacturing grew gradually from 2005 to 2008, at which point it took a dive in the financial crisis in common with the rest of the economy.
It recovered from 2010 until the start of 2012 and has been pretty volatile since then.
The sector is still below its pre-crisis peaks, unlike the service sector, which is well above its pre-crisis level.
Foreign investment plays a big role in UK manufacturing. There are lots of things about the UK that make it an attractive destination for foreign companies looking to acquire other businesses or expand overseas.
It has relatively low corporation tax and a flexible labour market, which makes it easier to expand and contract a business as is necessary.
But in recent years there has been a big challenge for foreign investors: the strength of sterling. A strong pound makes investing in the UK more expensive for foreign companies and it makes their products more expensive to export once they have been made.
Many parts of the UK manufacturing sector have struggled to compete with lower-cost economies in Asia.
When big manufacturers shed jobs, many tend to go at once, often in parts of the country with relatively few alternative employers.
Industry bosses and unions say that the UK manufacturing sector could be stronger if the government was as much of a friend to industry as the governments of other EU members such as Germany and France.
"It is important that manufacturing exporters, in particular, get the support they need as they face significant challenges," says David Kern, chief economist at the British Chambers of Commerce.
But there was one piece of good news for the sector in recent trade figures, which suggested an unexpectedly strong improvement in exports of goods and services, despite the strong pound.
http://www.bbc.com/news/business-34463597б, October 20th, 2015
USEFUL TERMS AND EXPRESSIONS
· quarrying –добыча полезных ископаемых открытым способом
· sewage –канализация
· to take a dive –резкосократиться
· destination –пункт назначения, рынок сбыта, целевой рынок
|
|
|
· to acquire –приобретать, покупать
· corporationtax –налог на прибыль корпораций
· flexible –гибкий, эластичный, способный быстро приспосабливаться
· tostruggle – с трудом удаваться, находиться в бедственном положении, сталкиваться с проблемами, прилагать усилия
· (trade) unions -профсоюзы
TEXT 4
Translate the article into Russian orally.
US manufacturing: How did Indiana power a revival?
For many Americans, there are two places that serve as symbols of the decline of US manufacturing: Detroit's hollowed out car plants, and vacant steel mills in Gary, Indiana.
For decades now, these two cities - and the surrounding states that collectively make up the "rust belt" - have been aching reminders of industry's decline, and of the devastating impact that outsourcing and globalisation wreaked on those living and working in manufacturing in the heart of the US.
Yet over the past five years, a curious thing has been happening in one of those rusty states: Indiana. The reality is that beyond Gary, manufacturing never really left Indiana - which first saw its fortunes rise during the turn of the 20th century, when the state's young men who had previously been subsistence farmers suddenly found themselves on hard times as agriculture became more mechanised.
Manufacturers recognised that Indiana had an able and willing workforce and set up across the state, building mostly small and medium factories that primarily served US car manufacturers.
Now, manufacturing makes up an astounding 30% of the state's economic output - compared to 12% of overall US gross domestic product (GDP) - and produces almost everything from cars and motor homes to pharmaceuticals and biomedical devices.
When indirect and induced jobs (that is, the retailers that choose to open up in a town to cater for manufacturing workers) are factored in, nearly two-thirds of the state's economic activity is due to manufacturing.
|
|
|
Industry participants express concern that a coming wave of retirements could impact the workforce, as nearly 40% of the state's current manufacturing employees are expected to retire in the next few years.
That's why politicians, companies, and local schools are investing in educating yet another wave of potential employees - to ensure that an industry that has powered the state since those agricultural days continues to provide an economic engine.
http://www.bbc.com/news/business-32925294, June 4th, 2015
NOTES
“rust belt” -a slang term for a geographic region in the United States stretching from New York through the Midwest that was once involved in steel production and manufacturing – «ржавыйпояс»
USEFUL TERMS AND EXPRESSIONS
· to hollow out –опустошать
· vacant –пустой, бездействующий
· steel mill –сталелитейное предприятие
· devastating –разрушительный, губительный, катастрофический
· wreak –наносить урон, причинять ущерб
· fortunes –богатство, достаток, состояние
· subsistence –продовольствие, продукты питания; прожиточный минимум
· indirectjobs– рабочие места в смежных отраслях
· inducedjobs –специально созданные рабочие места
· tocaterfor –обеспечивать, угождать, обслуживать
· tofactorin – учитывать, принимать в расчет
TEXT 5
Дата добавления: 2018-02-28; просмотров: 446; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы! |
Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!