V. Useful expressions
Lesson 1
MEETING PEOPLE
Lesson 2
IMMIGRATION AND CUSTOMS
Lesson 3
CHANGING MONEY
Lesson 4
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
Lesson 5
CHECKING TO A HOTEL
Lesson 6
USING THE TELEPHONE
Lesson 7
AT A RESTAURANT
Lesson 8
MAKING AN APPOINTMENT
Lesson 9
GOING TO THE MOVIES
Lesson 10
SHOPPING AT THE MALL
Lesson 11
MEETING AN ATTORNEY
Lesson 12
MOVING IN
Lesson 13
SHOPPING FOR GROCERIES
Lesson 14
GOING TO THE LAUNDROMAT
Lesson 15
RENTING A CAR
Lesson 16
APPLYING FOR A CREDIT CARD
Lesson 17
ASKING FOR DIRECTIONS
Lesson 18
BUYING GAS
Lesson 19
YOUR CAR BREAKS DOWN
Lesson 20
A WASHINGTON TRAFFIC JAM
Lesson 21
A FENDER BENDER IN CHICAGO
Lesson 22
AN INVITATION TO DINNER
Lesson 23
A FLIGHT TO THE WEST COAST
Lesson 24
CALIFORNIA DREAMING
Lesson 25
A BUSINESS LUNCH
| Expressing one's opinion I think... I feel that... As far as I know... As far as I remember... As far as I understood... To my mind... In my opinion... It seems to me I'd like to tell you that... It should be mentioned that... It should be noted that... To begin with... To tell the truth... | Вы выражаете свое мнение Я думаю... Я полагаю... Я чувствую... Насколько я знаю... Насколько я помню... Насколько я понял(а)... По моему мнению... По моему мнению... Мне кажется... Я бы хотел сказать, что... Необходимо заметить, что.. Необходимо отметить, что... Прежде всего... Сказать по правде... |
| Asking for someone's opinion Do you think that...? What do you feel/think about...'? Are you sure that...? | Выяснение чьего-то мнения Думаете ли вы, что...? Что вы думаете о...? Вы уверены, что...? |
| Giving reasons I think it is right because......that's why I feel that......and so I think that... | Аргументация, обоснование Я полагаю, это правильно, потому что... ...поэтому я думаю, что......в итоге я считаю, что... |
| Asking for reasons Why? Why do you think that...? What makes you feel that...? | Выяснение причин Почему? Почему вы думаете, что...? Что заставляет вас думать, что...? |
| Defending one's opinion Yes, but what I really mean is... What I'm trying to say is... On the contrary, I... What you said is really an argument for my point of view. | Зашита собственного мнения Да, но что я в действительности имею ввиду, так это... То, что я пытаюсь сказать, — это... Наоборот, я... То, что вы сказали, действительно довод в пользу моей точки зрения. |
| Agreeing/supporting other people's opinions Yes, that's right. That's what I feel, too/I think so, too. Exactly. I (fully) agree with you. … put it very well. I feel that … is right. … raised some important points. | Согласие/поддержка мнения других людей Да, это так. Да, я тоже так думаю. Именно так. Я (полностью) согласен с вами. … сказал об этом очень хорошо. Я думаю, что … прав. … затронул очень важные вопросы. |
| Disagreeing/contradicting other people's opinions I don't agree with you/I disagree with you. I don't think so. I'm afraid you are wrong. I'm afraid I can't agree. It is not worth talking about it. | Вы не соглашаетесь Я не согласен с вами. Я так не думаю. Боюсь, что вы неправы. Боюсь, я не могу согласиться. Не стоит об этом говорить. |
| Expressing certainty and uncertainty, probability and possibility I'm absolutely certain that... I'm sure that... Perhaps... I'm not at all sure that... It is not possible. | Выражение уверенности и неуверенности, вероятности и возможности Я абсолютно уверен, что... Я уверен, что... Возможно Я совсем не уверен, что... Это не возможно. |
| Expressing interest or indifference I'm interested in... I'd like to know more about... ...sounds interesting. Please tell me more about... I'm keen on... It doesn't interest me. I don't care. What a boring topic. | Вы выражаете интерес или безразличие Мне интересно/Я интересуюсь... Мне бы хотелось знать больше о... ...звучит интересно. Пожалуйста, расскажите больше о... Я очень увлечен... Меня это не интересует Мне все равно/Меня это не волнует. Какая скучная тема. |
| Expressing likes and dislikes I love/like/adore... It is great/very good/fun/fantastic/mar- vellous I enjoy... What I like best is... I hate/dislike... | Вы выражаете предпочтения и неприязнь Мне нравится/Я обожаю/преклоняюсь Это здорово/очень хорошо/ весело/ фантастично/изумительно... Я люблю/получаю удовольствие от... Что мне нравится больше всего, так это... Терпеть не могу/мне не нравится... |
| Stating preferences I'd rather... I prefer... | Вы выражаете предпочтения Я бы лучше/я скорее бы... Я предпочитаю... |
| Expressing doubt I have my doubts about that/I doubt it. It's very doubtful. You haven't convinced me yet. You may have a point there, but I'm still not sure. | Вы выражаете сомнение Я сомневаюсь в этом. Это вызывает сомнения. Вы пока меня не убедили. Возможно, что-то в этом есть, но я пока не уверен. |
Lesson 1
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Meeting People
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The following table presents different variants of the English equivalents for the Russian:
| Имя | Name, first name, Christian name |
| Отчество | Patronymic, middle name |
| Фамилия | Surname, second name, family name |
| Гражданство, подданство | Citizenship |
While answering the question What is your name? one is expected to give his name in full.
e. g. What is your name? — John D. Barter.
D. here stands for the so called middle name.
The two or more initials standing before a foreign name do not at all denote the name and patronymic as in Russian. In Western Europe and America children may be given more than one name and the number may vary. As a rule, the first of these names (known as the first, or Christian name) is chosen from among the numerous generally recognized names such as John, Mary, etc. The second name (known as the middle name) is not actually a name from the point of view of the Russian language. The middle name may not only be a conventional name, but the mother's maiden name, or the surname of any person honoured in the family or the godparent of the child. The middle name may also be any word, even the combination of sounds having no meaning whatsoever, but which, for some reason, appealed to the parents. In the United States, as a rule, the Christian name is written out in full, while the middle name is abbreviated or not written at all. Therefore when making a person's acquaintance one might ask,"What is your middle name.'"
The last link in the chain of names is the surname, last name, or simply, name.
Examples:
(a) Simplest case without middle name:
Michael Faraday, John Galsworthy.
(b) Middle name taken from the category of Christian names:
Herbert George Wells, Robert Louis Stevenson.
(c) First name and middle name represent the name and surname of the person in whose honour the child is named:
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(d) Andrew Jackson Tozer. No conventional Christian name at all, first name is recognized
surname:
(e) Washington Irving.
(e) Word used as middle name:
William Makepeace Thackeray.
(f) Only name is name of lake where parents met:
Rudyard Kipling. A chain of four names is usually found in two cases:
(a) Christian names grouped together:
(b) Cecil Eric George Reyford.
(b) Middle name chosen is the Christian name and surname of a person held in respect in the family:
Henry George Washington Clinton.
One should note the following feature of family relations in the West European countries.
When Miss Mary Smith maries Mr. John Brown, she becomes Mrs. Brown. Miss Ada Quist marries Mr. Bert (Albert) Tozer and becomes Mrs. Bert Tozer. In the third person she might be referred to as Mrs. Tozer but that would lead to the danger of confusing her with Mrs. Tozer, her mother-in-law, who, as the older woman, has first right to this title. In addressing them Mrs. Tozer may be used for both. In informal talk and casual conversation the daughter-in-law might be called Mrs. Bert.
2.Read and practice saying the dialogues in pairs.
1.-Excuse me.
-Yes?
-Good morning, my name is Mr Black.
-Good morning, Mr Black. How can I help you?
-Could I see your manager, please?
-Sure, will you follow me, please?
-Thank you.
2.-Mr Black! How do you do?
-Fine, thanks, and you?
-Oh, very well, Mr Black.
-Please, call me Nick.
-OK, and I am Pete. Take a seat, Nick, I'll phone for coffee.
3.-I am sorry, I am late.
-Not at all, don't worry. How is the weather in your city?
-The weather is terrible. But next time I'll be on time.
3.Translate the dialogues.
1.- Привет. Это Николай Смирнов, мой друг.
-Привет, а меня зовут Анна, как дела?
-Прекрасно, но зовите меня Коля.
-Хорошо, присаживайтесь. Вы вовремя. Я позвоню насчет билетов.
2.-Здравствуйте. Что я могу сделать для вас?
-Здравствуйте. Я Рик. Могу я поговорить с управляющим?
-Да, пожалуйста. Идите за мной. Вот наш управляющий, господин Петров.
-Как дела, Рик?
-Хорошо, но погода сегодня ужасная.
3.- Здравствуйте.
-Здравствуйте, меня зовут Ник, а это мой помощник, Пол. Но простите, мы опоздали.
-Ничего страшного. Присаживайтесь.
4.Discuss: How do people all over the world greet each other? Do you think there are any differences?
Our planet is great. Billions of people inhabit it. All of them are different and so are their habits. Travelling all over the world gets easier and easier. Though we don't understand each other well sometimes, when we meet a foreigner at the airport or railway station, in a hotel or restaurant, if we see a close friend, the first thing we do is greeting. In different countries the rules of greeting are different, sometimes very unusual. Most of the nationalities just shake hands and say "Hello". In Afghanistan people say "Hello" for at least five minutes. In Thailand they clasp hands together and bow, when greeting someone. At a formal meeting people immediately exchange their business cards. If you work in the field of any service, a restaurant or a hotel, the way you meet people is very important. You should remember that if you give people a pleasant impression when you first meet them it is easier to deal with them further. So always try to smile to people, call them by name, and be friendly and helpful. Never forget that we don't have a second chance for the first impression.
5.Answer the questions on the text.
Do you shake hands?
smile and say hello?
kiss on the cheek?
say "Good evening" and bow?
Find the equivalents in the text:
путешествовать становится легче; понимать друг друга; иностранец; близкий друг; люди и их обычаи различны; необычные правила; по крайней мере; кивать; официальная встреча; обмениваться карточками; приятное впечатление; сфера обслуживания; общаться (иметь дело) с людьми; называть человека по имени; быть готовым прийти на помощь.
2. A MEETING
EDWARD: Good Lord! If it isn't George! G. No other.
E. Let me shake your crab.
G. Yes, and let me do the same.
E. What good wind brings you here?
G. I'm here on business.
E. What a small place the world is, after all!
G. Indeed it is.
E. I could have never thought of meeting you here in this
out of the way place.
G. Same me. How are you, anyway?
E. Middling, and you?
G. Pretty well, thank you.
E. Well, well, George! It's good to see you again after all
these years.
G. Yes, and I am glad to meet you too.
E. You have changed a great deal.
G. In what respect?
E. You are thinner.
G. Yes?
E. Older, too.
G. I wouldn't say that you look younger, eh?
E. Well, where have you put up?
G. I haven't got fixed up yet. I'm right from the station.
E. How long do you intend to stay here?
G. For a day or two, I suppose.
E. Well, that's fine. What about staying at my house? We
could talk to our heart's content then.
G. I'd be only too glad if—.
E. If what?
G. I wouldn't be in your way. You are married, I suppose?
E. Yes, I'm a family man in the full sense of that word — I
have a wife and a daughter.
G. Really! Well, I'd like to get acquainted with them.
E. Come along then. G. All right. Thanks.
6.Find out the rules of behaviour with guests.
Activity: Work in pairs. Somebody comes to your manager, but he is late for the meeting. Find out the guest's name and where he is from. Show him the way to your manager, introduce him and phone for coffee.
V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
1.Introducing People
· Vera, I want to introduce you.
· Allow me to introduce you.
· Permit me to introduce you.
· I should like to introduce to you Mr. N. My sister, Ann.
· Tom, this is Mr. N.
· Mrs. B., may I introduce my friend, Mr. N., to you?
· This is Mr. N., and this is Mr. B.
· Let me introduce myself. My name is M.
2. NAME
· What is your name? (How do they call you? How is one to call you?)
· My name is —. (I am called —.)
· I shall call you by your first name.
· My name is Edward, Ned for short.
· My maiden name is —.
· What's his nickname?
· What's the pet name of the child?
· How do you spell your name?
3. AGE
· How old are you? (What is your age?)
· I am about twenty.
· I am not twenty yet. (I am still in my teens. I am under twenty. I am on the right side of twenty.)
· When were you born?
· I was born on the 15th of May, 1976.
· 1 was born in the year nineteen hundred and seventy-six.
· When is your birthday?
· Are you of military age (of the call-up age)? He is aging fast. She is a marriageable girl.
· They are all teen-agers. He is in his manhood. He is my senior (junior) by a year.
· He looks young for his age. She looks her age.
ENGAGEMENT AND MARRIAGE
At the age of 21, persons of both sexes in England come of age. Boys and girls are permitted to become "engaged" or betrothed, when still in their "teens". A boy can, with his parent's consent, propose to a girl and then marry her before he is twenty-one years of age. As a pledge of good faith he presents his bride-elect with an engagement ring, which is worn on the third finger of the left hand.
In ordinary speech, a man who is engaged, but not yet married to a lady, when speaking of her, will say: "My intended." or "My fiance." The young lady, on a similar occasion, will say the same.
Generally, English girls receive no marriage portion (wedding-dower) on marrying, as a man is obliged to maintain his wife and children himself.
On the day of the wedding, the bridegroom and bride with the best-man and bride's-maids, family and friends, go to church for the wedding service. There they are joined in matrimony by the clergyman, who slips a wedding-ring on the bride's ring-finger. This ring she wears for the rest of her life.
When the ceremony is over, all go back to the house, where the lady has been living, to the wedding-breakfast. The prominent feature of the wedding-breakfast is the highly-decorated "wedding-cake." After the guests have drunk the bride's and bridegroom's health, the happy newly-married couple take leave and depart on their honey-moon or to their new home.
According to an old English custom, they get pelted, at the moment of leaving the room, with handfuls of rice or with old shoes and slippers, which is supposed to bring them good luck.
ON NATIONALITY
"Are you an Englishman?"
"No, I am not. Can't you hear it from my accent?" "I did not notice it. What country do you come from?" "I am from France."
"What part of France do you come from?"
"I was born in Paris and brought up in Le Havre."
"How long have you been in England?"
"About twenty years."
"And how old are you?"
"I am hard on thirty."
"Then you are almost naturalized. No wonder (that) you speak English like an Englishman." "Thank you."
"And do you know your mother tongue?" "I do. I can speak French with as much ease as I do English." "You are here with your parents, I suppose?" "No, I live here with a relative of mine — a relative on my mother's idle."
"And your parents? Are they in France?"
"Yes. They live not far from Le Havre."
"Do you descend from a peasant family?"
"No, my father is a small tradesman."
"Have you any brothers and sisters?"
"Oh, yes. Our family is quite a big one; there are five of us."
"Do you often go to France?"
"Now and then."
"Well, and how do you like England?" "I like it exceedingly."
"I dare say you like France better, don't you?" "Of course."
"Yes, that is quite natural."
4. ORIGIN AND NATIONALITY
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