Semantic structure of words (Prof. Arnold)
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The emotive component (usual or occasional) of the meaning of a word is its capacity to evoke or directly express emotions. It is called emotive charge, emotive connotation or colouring: Oh! Why! Hell! Here she is, poor little lamb, with her bags all packed. (M.Dickens). “She was a thin, frail little thing, and her hair which was delicate and thin was bobbed”. (D.)
Evaluative component of connotative meaning bears reference to things, phenomena or ideas through a kind of evaluation of them: E.g. I feel so darned lonely. (Gr.Green). It reveals the subjective, evaluating attitude of the writer to the things or events spoken of: e .g. She has not a flirt, not even a coquette. (Galsworthy)
Evaluative component is meant to portray negative or positive attitude, approval or disapproval:
Time – tested method:: out-of-date method
“ Politics … is only the art to reach high position; wisdom is the art to get power, wealth, and position”. (H.Fielding)
Expressive component intensifies the denotative or connotative meaning (emotions and feelings):
“He is ever such a clever man” (ever, never, all, quite, really - intensifiers)
I have much time.
I have a lot of time. Hyperbole
He has heaps o f time.
He’s got bags of money.
Stylistic component (foregrounding) is characteristic of particular styles or spheres of communication:
official: red-tape clichés: “ I beg to inform”
colloquial: slang, jargon: sneak, snob, lout, trash, busy-body, etc.
Table 5
OffspringInfant
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TotBabe
Brat Kid
Table 6
| Head | |
 Pate
Poll
Sconce
Noodle
Nob
Nut
Coco
Cont
| Bean Block Upper Story Dome Brow Temple Brain |
An opposition is a relationship of partial difference between two partially similar elements of the language.
Steed
Horse
Gee
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