Hillarie Belloc (1870-1953)
Do you remember an Inn,
Miranda?
Do you remember an Inn?
And the tedding and the spreading
Of the straw for a bedding,
And the fleas that tease in the High Pyrenees?
And the wine that tastes of tar?
And the cheers and the jeers of the young muleteers
(Under the dark of the vine verandah)?
Do you remember an Inn, Miranda?
Do you remember an Inn?
And the cheers and the jeers of the young muleteers
Who hadn’t got a penny,
And who weren’t paying any,
And the hammer at the doors and the Din?
And the Hip! Hop! Hap!
Of the clap
Of the hands to the twirl and the swirl
Of the girls gone chancing,
Glancing,
Dancing,
Backing and advancing,
Snapping of the clapper to the spin
Out and in-
And the Ting, Tong, Tang of the guitar!
Do you remember an Inn, Miranda?
Do you remember an Inn?
Never more;
Miranda,
Never more.
Only the high peaks hoar:
And Aragon, a torrent at the door,
No sound
In the walls of the Halls where falls
The tread
Of the feet of the dead to the ground.
No sound:
Only the boom
Of the far Waterfall like Doom.
RECOMMENDED LITERATURE:
1. Арнольд И.В. Стилистика современного английского языка (Стилистика декодирования). – M., 2002. стр. 165 – 170; 225-238.
2. Galperin I.R. Stylistics. - M., 1987. pp. 123-125; pp. 252-270.
3. Кухаренко В.А. A Book of Practice in Stylistics. pp. 10-13, 18-19.
4. http://www.lingvoda.ru/LingvoDict/Stylistics.zip
5. http://www.durov.com/study/STYLISTICS-175.doc
UNIT 3
Semantic structure of a word
An Outline
1. Denotative and connotative meanings as a factor of style.
2. Contextual meaning and its stylistic function.
3. The theory of opposition; polysemy and synonymy.
4. Stylistic classification of the English vocabulary.
5. Formal layer of the English vocabulary.
6. Informal layer of the English vocabulary.
Sign is a material, sensuously perceived object (phenomenon, action) appearing in the process of cognition and communication in the capacity of a representative (substitute) of another object (or objects) and used for receiving, storing, recasting and transforming information about this object (I.R.G.:61)
Word - a unit of language functioning within the sentence or within a part of it which by its sound or graphical form expresses a concrete or abstract notion or a grammatical notion through one of its meanings and which is capable of enriching its semantic structure by acquiring new meanings and losing old ones. It possesses an enormous potentiality for generating new meanings; ( I.R.G.:62, 66)
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Word - a speech unit used for the purposes of human communication, materially representing a group of sounds, possessing a meaning, susceptible to grammatical employment and characterised by formal and semantic unity. (Antrushina:10)
“A word is a basic unit of a language, which denotes a concept and expresses emotions and relations”. (Meillet)
Lexical meaning or dictionary meaning:
- refers the mind to a concrete concept, phenomenon, or thing of objective reality, whether real or imaginary;
- a means by which a word-form is made to express a definite concept;
- closely related to a concept;
- sometimes identified with a concept;
A concept is considered an abstract or general idea of some phenomenon of objective reality and also comprises subjective feelings and emotions of human beings. A word expresses a concept by its meanings. Each meaning denotes a separate concept.
Prof. Galperin’s classification of the semantic structure of a word (Moscow school) comprises:
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