The Federal Assembly and the Government
The Federal Assembly — the Parliament of the Russian Federation is the representative and legislative body of the Russian Federation. It consists of two chambers: the Federation Council and the State Duma. The Federation Council includes two representatives from each constituent entity of the Russian Federation and the State Duma consists of 450 deputies. The Federal Assembly is a permanently functioning body. The Federation Council and the State Duma sit separately. Their sessions are open, but they have the right to pass the decision to conduct closed sessions. Each chamber forms committees and commissions to hold appropriate hearings. Both chambers set up the Accounts Chamber to monitor implementation of the federal budget.
Federal laws adopted by the State Duma on the following issues must compulsorily be examined by the Federation Council:
- the federal budget, federal taxes and levies;
- financial, currency, credit and customs regulation, money emission;
- ratification and denunciation of international treaties of the Russian Federation;
- the status and protection of the state border of the Russian Federation;
- war and peace.
Federation Council also considers a set of other issues. In particular, it approves decisions on changes of borders between constituent entities and sanctions the introduction of martial law and a state of emergency. Without the Federation Council approval, military forces cannot be used outside the country. Within its competence, there is appointment and dismissal of the Prosecutor General and judges of the supreme body of the judicial branch, the deputy Chairman and half of the auditors of the Accounts Chamber. Additionally, the Federation Council has the right of final decision on the impeachment of the President and the announcement of new elections of the President.
The following is within the jurisdiction of the State Duma: consent to the appointment of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation by the President of the Russian Federation; deciding the issue of confidence in the Government of the Russian Federation; appointment and dismissal of the Chairman of the Central Bank, the Chairman and half of the auditors of the Accounts Chamber; the Commissioner for Human Rights; announcement of amnesty; bringing charges against the President of the Russian Federation for his impeachment.
The Executive power is exercised by the government which consists of the Chairman of the Government (the Prime Minister) and the federal ministers. The Chairman's candidate is appointed by the President with the consent of the State Duma. If the selected candidate is rejected three times, the President appoints the Prime Minister himself, dissolves the State Duma and announces new elections. The government presents a draft budget to be discussed by the State Duma and it provides its implementation and realization of financial, credit and monetary policies. It carries out measures to ensure the legality, rights and freedoms of the citizens, to protect property, public order and combat crimes. It ensures state security, and the realization of foreign policy. The government ensures the implementation of a uniform state policy in the sphere of culture, science, education, social security, health, and ecology.
|
|
|
THE USA GOVERNMENT
The US Constitution defines a federal system of government. It delegates certain powers to the national government, other powers fall to the states. The national government consists of executive, legislative and judicial branches.
The executive branch includes the President, Vice – President and the President’s Cabinet. They are responsible for executing the laws.
The President must be a natural – born citizen of the United States, 35 years old and a resident of the country for 14 years. The responsibilities of the President include the following ones: head of the state, commander – in – chief of the army, drafting legislation, formulating foreign policy, leadership of his political party and some else. The President is elected every four years and cannot serve more than two terms. The 20th of January is “Inauguration Day”. The Vice – President is the head of the Senate.
The legislative branch of the government is the Congress, which has two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. Each state elects two senators to the Senate. Each term of service is for six years. The Senate has 16 standing committees, among which the most prominent are those of Foreign Relations, Finance, Appropriations and Governmental Affairs. Treaties made by the President with other governments must be ratified by a two – thirds vote of the Senate.
|
|
|
Elections to the House of Representatives take place every two years. The members of the House are chosen by the direct vote in each state of the USA. They introduce a bill to the standing committees, which meet in executive session and can amend, expedite, delay or kill the bill. Legislative bills may be introduced in and amended by either house. A bill with its amendments must pass both houses and be signed by the President before it becomes law. The President may veto a bill, but a veto can be overridden by a two – thirds vote of both houses.
The judicial branch of the government is the system of courts. The Supreme Court is the highest court of the country. The Supreme Court may veto any law if it contradicts the Constitution.
to fall – относиться
drafting legislation – составление законопроекта
standing committee – постоянный комитет
prominent – значительный
Appropriations – ассигнования
to expedite – ускорять, продвигать
to override – преодолевать
Task # 8
Дата добавления: 2016-01-03; просмотров: 14; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы! |
Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!