State administration

State administration represents the carrying out of po­licies determined by the legislature. At the first establish­ment of state government in America there were, in addi­tion to the governor and the lieutenant governor, a small number of administrative officials, notably a secretary, a treasurer, and attorney-general. But presently other officials were added to the list and chosen in the same way, an audi­tor or controller, a superintendent of education, a commis­sioner of labour, etc., each at the head of a new department. With the growth in population and the increase in problems, still other administrative departments were established, sometimes headed by a single state official and sometimes by a board.

Some state departments are established in accordance with provisions of the state constitution in which case the legislature has very little control over them, except that it can reduce their appropriations. Others are established by law and can be abolished at any time. Some are headed by a single director or commissioner while others are managed by a board — usually of three or five members.

In general, the head of each department, be it a single director or a board, is responsible for the management of its affairs. All subordinate officials of department are ap­pointed by the department head.

Task # 11

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