Б) о роли сахара в жизни организма.
ASSIGNMENTS
I. Укажите номера пропущенных предлогов; переведите данные предложения на русский язык.
1. Food is considered high or low ... carbohydrates according ... their amount to its total weight. 2. To meet the requirements of the body ... energy food must be high ... carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals. 3. ... means of these experiments we shall define the amount … starch in this substance. 4. Starch is a carbohydrate more complex ... nature than any of sugars. 5. A number ... food constituents have a part ... stimulating and regulating body processes. 6. The utilization of organic acids in the body for energy is similar ... that of starches and sugars. 7. Any kind of sugar is responsible ... a sweet taste of certain foods.
| l. by 2. for 3. in 4. to 5. of |
2.Переведите на русский язык данные словосочетания, учитывая многозначность слов «part» и «mean».
Ø partчасть, доля; участие/доля/ в работе; роль
1. parts of a body, the part of grain, parts of the plant;
2. to take part in research, to have a part in producing sugar;
3. to play a significant part in the food industry; they took an active part in the investigation.
Ø meanI. значить, иметь значение 2.средний
meansсредство/а, способ
1. the term "sugar" to most people means cane or beet sugar; the word "vitamin" means "very important for life"; the word "enzyme" comes from the Greek word
meaning "inyeast";
2. mean consumption of sugar; mean daily need for energy; mean level;
3. means of production; means of living; means of analysis; an effective means;
by means of synthesis; by means of heating; by no means; by all means.
3. Укажитеномерасинонимичныхпар .
1. complex 2. production 3. step 4. ability 5. surplus 6. to meet requirements 7. like 8. bulk 9. commonly 10. to be high in 11. to be low in 12. sufficient
| 1. excess 2. to be deficient in 3. to satisfy needs 4. usually 5. adequate 6. stage 7. to be rich in 8. complicated 9. mass 10. manufacture 11. similar 12. capability |
4. Укажитеномераантонимичныхпар.
1. simple 2.ability 3.like 4.to be high in 5.total
| 1.to be low in 2.unlike 3.partial 4. complex 5.disability |
Переведите на английский язык данные предложения, используя герундий.
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1. Углеводы, как одна из важных составляющих пищи являются предметом изучения многих ученых. 2. Ученые начали изучать углеводы с проблемы образования сахара и крахмала в растении. 3. Крахмал образуется сочетанием углерода, кислорода и водорода. 4. Способность растений производить крахмал и сахар была известна давно. 5. Ученые интересовались синтезированием природных химических составляющих углеводов. 6. Ученые доказали, что промежуточным этапом производства крахмала растением является образование сахара. 7. Получая углерод и кислород из воздуха посредством своего хлорофилла, растение соединяет их с водой и образует сахар. 8. Не потребляя сахар, растение не может развиваться. 9. Место хранения избытка сахара зависит от растения. 10. К углеводам также относится клетчатка, способная обеспечивать материал для регулирования процессов организма.
TEXT N 3 «FATS»
Active Vocabulary:
fat, fatty; to take in, intake; to protect, protection, protective; to derive, derivative, derivation; to deplete, depletion; layer; amount; excess; equipment; knowledge; essential; extreme; to include, to perform, to refuse, to call on; to prove; to play a part
PRE-TEXT EXERCISES
1.Укажите номера русских эквивалентов.
l. yet 2. apparently 3. due to 4. however 5. for 6. moreоver 7. hence 8. so
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I. так как 2. благодаря / из-за 3. более того 4. до сих пор / еще 5. очевидно 6. однако 7. поэтому 8. следовательно
2. Пользуясь моделью, переведите данные словосочетания на русский язык.
fat-soluble - жирорастворимый/тот, который можно растворить/
water-soluble vitamins; water-soluble compound; acid-soluble material; alcohol-soluble substance; fat-soluble vitamin
semi-automatic - полуавтоматический
semi-stable; semi-solid; semi-dry; semi-lequid; semi-official; semi-frozen; semi-finishd goods; semi-synthetics; semi-starvation
3. Следуя модели, переведите следующие предложения на русский язык.
One may say... можносказать…
One must know… нужнознать…
One can see ... можновидеть…
Onemight/couldsuppouse… можно было бы предположить...
Oneshouldremember… следует (следовало бы) помнить…
1. 0ne can see that the results of this experiment are of great importance. 2. One might argue about the significance of their research. 3. 0ne must admit that fats play a great part in the human diet. 4. One may say that life without food is impossible. 5. One should know that all fats are divided into two kinds – those of plant and animal origin.
It is necessary.. Необходимо...
It was impossible... Былоневозможно...
It should be noted... Следуетотметить…
1. It is necessary to know that foods rich in carbohydrates, proteins and fats are essential to the nutrition of any living organism. 2. It was impossible for chemists of the past to understand chemical reactions in food taken in by a body. 3. It should be known that the excess of sugars and starches is stored as fat.
4. Переведите данные словосочетания на русский язык.
to take in sugars and starches; to be a characteristic of most living matter; when armed with equipment and knowledge; to be much better laboratories; to form a protective layer; apparently to protect the nerves from shocks; to be due to the depletion of fat around the nerves; in the form of their derived compounds; to play an important part in brain and nervous system; to meet the fat-manufacturing situation; to call on other animals to store the excess of fat
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5. Прочитайте и переведите текст
Notes:
fat – жир
oil – масло/растительное или минеральное/
phospholipids [¸f sfli'pidz] – фосфолипиды
sterol [ste'r ] – стерин
linseed ['linsi:d] - льняное семя
linoleic/linolenicacid [lin 'leik]/[ln 'li:kæsid] - линолевая/леноленовая кислота
Animals, human beings included, take in sugars and starches and store the excess as fat. The ability to make fats from carbohydrates or similar materials seems to be a characteristic of most living matter including plants. But man hasn’t been able to perform this task in the laboratory, even when armed with all the equipment and knowledge in the world. The microscopic walls of plant cells are much better laboratories than our scientists have yet been able to make.
The fatty foods perform some very important function in our animal lives; to do without them can be dangerous. Fats form a protective layer around the nerves, apparently to protect them from shocks. One of the characteristic results of semi-starvation is extreme irritability. It has been suspected that this may be due to the depletion of fat around the nerves.
Fats in the form of their derived compounds – phospholipids – also play an important part in our brain and entire nervous system. Another class of compounds derived from the fats and known as the sterols is also essential for the living organism. So one may say that, in its higher forms, life without fat is impossible.
Задания
ASSIGNMENTS
1. Переведите на русский язык словосочетания, выделив префиксы прилагательных.
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unanswerable argument; insoluble sub stance; inessential change; unimportant part; illegal act; uncommon work; inadequate nutrition; insufficient amount;unreal situation; irregular shape; improper conditions; unnecessary means
2. Ответьтенавопросы :
1. What functions do fats perform? 2. What kind of derived compounds of fats are known? 3. What fatty acids are essential for a human body?
3. Краткорасскажитепо -английски :
а) какие функции выполняют жиры;
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