Freight and commercial operations at the departure stations
In the context of logistics, railway freight transportation is composed of three parts. Every part requires the freight and commercial operations to be carried out at the different stages of carriage. The first part of transportation includes the following operations at the departure stations:
1. Initiating a shipment
2. Drawing up a transportation contract
3. Executing a carriage document set
4. Endorsing a railway waybill
5. Preparation of goods for transportation
6. Preparation of wagons for loading
7. Wagons spotting for loading
8. Acceptance of freight for transportation
9. Freight handling
10. Sealing wagons for a shipment
In order to carry goods by rail, a consignor needs to initiate a shipment to the rail carrier. The shipper has to submit an application no less than 10 days before the beginning of the carriage through railway service. This period is extended up to a total of 15 days in case of transportation in international traffic or, if the point of destination is a port. The rail carrier states in the number of wagons, tons, stations of departure and arrival, description of cargo and other information concerning in the shipment according to the applied shipping rules. As a matter of convenience there is a computerised system of confirming paper work called electronic waybill with which it’s possible to automatically initiate a shipment to the rail carrier. After the shipment confirmation, the consignor draws up a transportation contract with the carrier. In accordance with the agreement, the rail carrier shall undertake to carry, for reward, the goods entrusted to him by the consignor to the arrival station along the route agreed by the consignor and the carrier and to deliver them to the recipient of goods. The next step is executing a carriage document set. There are four basic railway documents in Russia: the railway waybill, the railway memorandum bill, the counterfoil of the railway memorandum bill and the cargo acceptance receipt. The most important of them is the railway waybill which contains all the information about transportation. The other documents are filled out following the example of the first one. The only difference between them is in the place of destination of the paper. The railway waybill accompanies the cargo to the recipient of goods. The railway memorandum bill is intended to be used by the rail carrier and goes with the cargo to the arrival station. The counterfoil of the railway memorandum bill stays at the departure station and the cargo acceptance receipt is transmitted to consignor.
|
|
|
Fig.1 – Railway document flow
█ - railway waybill
█ - cargo acceptance receipt
█ - conterfoil of railway memorandum bill
█ - railway memorandum bill
Before the carriage, the consignor has to prepare the goods for the transport pursuant to existing standards. The preparation consists of cargo packing and cargo marking. Good packaging and labelling are essential to prevent damage while in transit.
Railway cargo has to be packed in packaging which ensure safety of the transportation and environmental compliance. The packed cargo or packages shall be properly marked handed over for carriage. The purpose of a shipping mark has always been to identify cargo and help in moving it rapidly, smoothly and safely, without delays or confusion, to its final destination and enable the checking of the cargo against documents. In the case of apparent or known defective packing, labelling or loading of the goods the carrier may accept the goods for carriage under specific contract conditions. There are four types of transport marking in Russia: basic, additional, informative and manipulative.
The rail carrier in his part has to prepare wagons for loading. In concordance with the Railway Transportation Rules, wagons must meet the requirements of safe railway operation. The rail carrier is responsible for technical state of rolling stock and consignor is in charge of commercial state. The preparing of rolling stock includes such operations as wagons cleanout, their disinfection and delousing. Before loading, wagons shall be thoroughly cleaned and in particular be free of any combustible debris (straw, hay, paper, etc.). Any existing seals or locking mechanisms left over from previous shipments shall be removed
Fig.2 – Types of cargo marking
from wagons and containers, either by the consignor or by the railway, depending on which of them is responsible for placing the new seals.
Carrier has to apprise the shipper of wagons spotting not later than two hours before. The loading of wagons is carried out by rail carrier on public-use railway tracks and by consignor on non-public-use railway tracks. The process of loading takes place in accordance with the technical conditions. The cargo shall be loaded onto wagons that are technically sound, appropriate for the carriage of the cargo in question and clean. The consignor is to indicate who is to load the cargo or container onto the wagon in the railway waybill note under “Loading by”. It’s also needed to record the data on which the cargo is loaded. If it is the consignor who is loading the cargo, then the consignor shall be responsible for any consequences of improper loading, and shall compensate the railway for any damage sustained as a result.
|
|
|
After the loading it's necessary to seal the wagons. Sealing shall be done using lock and seal devices that cannot be removed without sustaining damage. They shall be placed in such a way as to make it impossible to gain access to the cargo without damaging them. Regardless of whether it is consignor or the railway that places them, lock and seal devices shall in all cases show: abbreviated name of the dispatching railway, an individual control symbol, a trademark, the name of device and the last figure of the year made.
Дата добавления: 2020-04-25; просмотров: 134; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы! |
Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!