Freight and commercial operations in cargo transportation
Digitizing of the existing model of the freight railway transportation in Russia: current status and prospects
Anton Popadyuk1,2,[*], and Evgeny Korovyakovskiy1
1 Emperor Alexander I Saint Petersburg State Transport University, 190031 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
2OJSC «Russian Railways», 184209 Apatity, Russia
Abstract. In article the analysis of the freight and the commercial operations at railway transport was made for the purpose of the further increase of efficiency of work with the digitalization. As a result, the operations which can be realized by means of technology Blockchain are visible. At present the program of digital railway has been adopted, which assumes almost complete transition to electronic document circulation and unmanned technologies within next 5 years.
Introduction
Significance of the freight railway transportation in Russia
Railway transport is an essential element of the Russian transport network, and an enabler of the Russian economy. The main advantages of the railway transportation are:
1) low freight and passenger rate
2) independence from the weather conditions
3) high level of the safety of cargo
4) choice of the transportation speed
Russian Railways is one of the three biggest transportation provider in the world and the largest carrier in Russian Federation. Through like most railway companies Russian Railways carries both freight and passengers. However, the particular importance of the Russian railway transport is freight transport logistics. Russian Railways have considerable potential and offer significant freight carrying capacity on lines between Europe and Asia. According to the Federal State Statistics Service, railway cargo turnover is 46% of an overall cargo turnover in Russia (without a pipeline transportation it would be 87%) [1]. Railway transport is operating in a competitive environment and, as a consequence, it demands seamless interaction between all the participants of the transportation process for it to excel in the transport market. In view of this, it’s necessary to give attention to the matter of the effectiveness of the freight and commercial operations. One of the best ways to increase the effectiveness of the railway logistics is the digitization of the freight and commercial operations at the different stages of carriage.
Digitization as a development thrust of the freight transportation
Plenty of researchers identify digitization as a perspective direction of research in logistics field [2,3,4]. According to the IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking 2019, the leaders of digitization field are the USA, Singapore, Sweden, Denmark and Switzerland [5]. The highest positions are related to the use of advanced digital technologies such distributed ledger (blockchain), internet of things (IoT), big data, VR/AR etc. The blockchain technology as a key direction of logistics development has a high scientific and technical potential in the transport and logistics field. In accordance with the breaking blockchain open Deloitte’s 2018 global blockchain survey, 59% of the respondents said that they believed in blockchain’s potential to revolutionize their industries [6].
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The transport service market is an ideal setting for the using of distributed ledger technology. Blockchain coupled with the conception of internet of things is capable of digitizing of hard-copy paperwork, reducing the number of middlemen, business processes automation and enhancing transparency. Nowadays there are plenty of logistics companies which use the blockchain technology such Gazprom, Maersk, Vinturas etc. [7]. Russian Railways as the largest transport provider in Russia is also interested in using the distributed ledger technology in freight transportation. However, in order to ensure maximum effectiveness, it’s necessary to examine the process of freight and commercial transportation and to identify possibility of introducing the technology into the existing freight transportation process.
Freight and commercial operations in cargo transportation
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