Б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
В) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения).
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The Queen Elizabeth II opens the new session of Parliament each autumn.
2. What other Newton’s laws do you know besides his theory of gravitation?
3. Not all the parks are in the centre of London.
4. Before the Normans invaded, the language of England was mainly Germanic Old English.
II Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода определений, выраженных именем существительным.
1. Most medieval men wore knee or calf-length tunics of a “T” shape over hose (trousers).
2. The Carnegie Hall is New York’s most popular concert hall.
3. Over 300 million people speak English as mother language.
4. Spring birds were singing on the trees, spring grass was fresh.
III Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения и переведите их на русский язык.
1. Clothes in this shopping center are more expensive than at the market.
2. Hollywood stars are the best actors in the world.
3. In the future it will be more and more difficult for the national economy to support the old people.
4. The more experiments the scientists carry out, the more data they obtain.
IV Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложение на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций.
а) 1. A lot of people don't enjoy traveling by plane.
2. Many of the traditional heavy industries are disappearing, and the region is developing new technological industries such as electrical engineering, politics, computers and North Sea oil and gas extraction.
3. For centuries the English has tried to gain control of Ireland.
4. Will you have finished your homework by 7 o’clock in the evening?
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б) 1. East Anglia was not affected by the Industrial Revolution.
2. The people of Ireland have always been known for their stories and myths.
3. British culture is being enriched through its contacts with other cultures.
4. During the Second World War, the old cathedral had been destroyed by fascists.
V Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык .
1. We receive a lot of letters from Germany, that’s why we shall have to learn German next year.
2. This computer program can correct any mistake.
3. Many people had to leave their small houses and move to the towns.
4. The children must learn words before classes.
VI Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participe II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Some British people spend all day reading the Sunday newspaper.
2. Matter composed of any chemical combination of elements is called a compound.
3. The island of Harris produces some of the most famous woollen cloth in the world, known as 'tweed'.
4. Glasgow, standing on the River Clyde, is Scotland’s largest city and the centre of the ship-building trade.
VII Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-й абзацы.
The English Language
1 English developed from Anglo-Saxon and is a Germanic language. Even today, words used in modern English for ordinary objects are mostly Anglo-Saxon, or Germanic, in origin1.Germanic languages, such as Danish, German, Norwegian and Swedish have very similar words for the objects such as: shoe, clothes, sun, moon, man, wife, child, house, water, sleep, love,have, be, work.
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2 However, all the invaders, particularly the Norman French, influenced the English language.English has many similarities with Romance languages whose origin is Latin. Such words as: government, judge, court, parliament, army, crown, country, people and others came to England with the French-speaking Normans. The words are associated with power: Norman-French was used as the language of parliament. Words of Latin origin are usually longer than words of Germanic origin.
3 Norman-French words did not enter English immediately. Only in the 14th century, a new form of English was used: Middle English, which was Old English enriched by thousands of French words.
4 Two centuries later came the Renaissance2: there was a revival of interest in ancient cultures, Greek and Latin. Thousands more words of Latin origin flooded into English. This explains why modern English has pairs of words which mean almost the same thing3 such as base of Norman-French origin, and basis which came into English during the Renaissance. The Latin words were joined by hundreds of Greek words. At the same time, it became more popular throughout Europe to use the mother language, not Latin, for written documents.
5 The period from the Renaissance to the present day has seen many new ideas and inventories, especially in science and technology. As new things are invented, new words have to be created. There are now thousands of new words in English. Just think of television, microscope, thermometer and psychology. Often new words are created from existing Greek or Latin words put together in new ways4.
6 Some words from foreign countries have entered English as a result of trade colonial expansion. Other words were invented in the English-speaking former colonies, the USA in particular. It is because of the USA that English has become a world language: a world where over 90 per cent of scientific papers are written in English and a world where people from different countries prefer to communicate in English.
Пояснения к тексту:
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1in origin – по происхождению
2the Renaissance – эпоха Возрождения
3the same thing – одно и то же
4in new ways – по-новому, иными способами
VIII Прочтите 5-й абзац текста и письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1. Why do new words have to be created?
2. How are they created?
Вариант № 3
I Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием - s (- es ) и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite ;
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