POST-SCHOOL OR TERTIARY EDUCATION USA
In the United States some universities were founded by private individuals and still receive a large part of their financial support from private donations. These are private universities, such as Yale or St. Louis University. Some of these private universities are supported by churches, so Notre Dame University is supported and controlled by the Roman Catholic Church. Some Universities were founded and are supported by the states where they are, for example the University of California (Los Angeles). State universities do get some of their money from private and business donations, but they are controlled by the States which started them.
MIT — The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in Cambridge, near Boston has the same prestige as CalTech. It is an excellent American technical university.
CALTECH — The California Institute of Technology, in Pasadena, Southern California is a private technical university. It is equal in prestige with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, near Boston.
IVY LEAGUE is a group of eight prestigious universities in the Eastern United States. It includes Harvard, Yale and Princeton.
JUNIOR COLLEGE is an American college rather like a British Sixth Form College or Polytechnic. Usually the qualification to enter a Junior College is obtained by completing secondary school course of education. Junior colleges usually teach two year courses. They often have both practical and academic subjects. Some junior college courses may be credited towards University Degrees.
CEEB (the College Entrance Examination Board) is a private organisation in America. It prepares and marks tests and examinations which are used by Colleges and Universities to test the abilities and aptitudes of their entrants.
GREAT BRITAIN
OXBRIDGE — Oxford and Cambridge Universities are called “Oxbridge”. The equivalent British expression to “Ivy League” in America.
REDBRICK UNIVERSITY is Not Oxbridge. Redbrick universities were usually founded in the 19th as colleges of London University. Sometimes called Provincial Universities, some, like the University of Manchester have high prestige. British Universities founded since 1950 are called New Universities, such as the University of Sussex. New Universities include Technical Universities, such as the City University, in London.
UCCA (the University Combined Council on Admissions) co-ordinates the admission of most undergraduate students to British universities. The students put down several choices, and they are then offered places depending on their 'A' level examination results, and who has applied for which universities.
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HNC, HND (High National Certificate and Higher National Diploma) are two qualifications that can be obtained in English technical colleges and polytechnics. They are as difficult to obtain as university degrees, but replace theoretical with practical material.
ONC, OND (Ordinary National Certificate and Ordinary National Diploma) are practical courses taken at Sixth Form Colleges and Polytechnics. They are not so difficult to obtain is HND and HNC, but are probably harder than 'A' level. NCAA (the National Council for Academic Awards) in Britain supervises the degree courses and examinations of polytechnics (but not universities).
UNIVERSITY PEOPLE
AN ACADEMIC is a teacher at a College, Institute or University.
ACADEMIC PUPILS (or students) study theoretical courses, not practical courses.
AN ACADEMIC VISITOR is a person invited to teach or research from another university for a short period.
ADJUNCT FACULTY - part-time teaching staff.
BURSAR is the member of the staff of an educational institution in England who works with money.
THE CHANCELLOR is a famous person who is Head of the University in name, but not in fact. American Universities usually have Principals.
THE VICE CHANCELLOR is in charge of academic as well as administrative matters.
THE PRO-VICE CHANCELLOR is a deputy of the VICE-CHANCELLOR.
A DEAN at a university is responsible for a Faculty or a large group of students. Thus the Dean of the School of Engineering is in charge of the Chemical, Electrical, Mechanical and other Engineering Departments.
THE PRINCIPAL has the same job as a British Vice-Chancellor. Some American Universities have a Board of Regents, in which case the President of the Board of Regents roughly corresponds with the Chancellor of a British University.
A PROFESSOR is a university teacher who has been appointed to take this position. In England usually only the head of a department is a professor, so the title carries more prestige than in the United States, where many of the teachers in a department may be professors.
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A VISITING PROFESSOR is a Professor who is normally based at one institution but who works for short periods of time at another, often on a regular basis.
A PROGRAM DIRECTOR is a person who is responsible for a curriculum and teaching materials for a certain subject or a cycle of disciplines.
'THE REGENTS of the State University of New York set examinations for New York High School students. These examinations are called “Regents”. Students sit for these examinations at about the age of 17 or 18.
THE REGISTRAR is the senior administrator of a British University.
AN UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT is one who has not yet obtained a university degree, or one who is working for a bachelor's degree.
A GRADUATE STUDENT is one who has already obtained one university degree and is studying for another one. You can say “As a rule all our PhD students are graduate students”. Sometimes one says “postgraduate” instead of “graduate”.
A FULL-TIME STUDENT studies at a university all the time. It is also possible to study part-lime. Day-release and blockrelease students study part time.
A part-time course of study is done while the student also works somewhere else. Many part-time students are mothers or have other jobs.
UNIVERSITY DEGREES
A DEGREE is the certificate awarded by a university to a student who has successfully completed a course of study which is recognised by other universities as being of the standard of a bachelor's' master's', or doctor's degree. Universities often award certificates for non-degree courses as well.
BACHELOR'S DEGREE is the lowest degree awarded by an English or American University. A BA is a bachelor of arts degree, а ВС is a bachelor of commerce degree, a BE is a bachelor of engineering degree, a BS is a bachelor of science degree. In England BSc (Eng) is also used for a BE.
MASTER'S DEGREE is a degree obtained after a bachelor's degree and before a doctor's degree. Many master's degrees are research degrees. This means that a thesis or dissertation must be written instead of taking examinations. Many masters degrees have both. MA means Master of Arts, ME and MEng mean Master of Engineering, MS and MSc mean Master of Science.
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Ph.D is a doctor of philosophy degree. PhD's are awarded for major pieces of research by Universities in English speaking countries. At some universities examinations are also required. At the University of Oxford, in England, and at Waikato University in New Zealand, PhD is called a D Phil (Doctor of Philosophy). A DSc is a higher degree than a PhD, more like a doctor's degree in the Russian educational system.
A DOCTOR'S DEGREE or a doctoral degree, is usually one which requires the completion of a piece of original research, submitted in the form of a thesis. The most common such degree is a PhD. In America PhDs usually require written examinations as well as a thesis.
DR is the abbreviation for doctor. A physician is called Dr, even if she has not obtained a doctor's degree. In the United States dentists and surgeons are also called Or, but not in Britain.
ChEng (A “Chartered Engineer”) in Britain is roughly equivalent to a “Professional Engineer (PE)” in America, or a “Diping” in Germany.
HONOURS are awards for very good work. An Honours Degree is a University degree with very high marks or with very difficult courses, or both. The American equivalent of an honours degree is a degree “cum laude”.
GRADING SYSTEM
AMERICAN GRADING SYSTEM corresponds to the following notations:
Grades: A, D, C, D, F
Quality points: 4.0, 3.5, 3.0, 2.5, 2.0,0.0
These grades are computed and included as part of student's official Grade Point Average (GPA). At the end of each semester students receive a report of their grades for courses taken. Any student, regardless of the length of attendance in the class, will receive for each course attempted one of the grades listed above.
All grades are awarded solely on the basis of the instructor's judgement of the student's scholarly achievement. Besides the grades given above for some courses or parts of courses students may be awarded with grades having no quality points. They are:
PS/F – Pass/Fail
AU – Audit
CR/NCR – Credit/ No Credit
WA — WITHDRAWN ADMINISTRATIVELY.
Withdrawn Administratively is given when recommended by instructor and dean for poor attendance and/or other academic violation.
AUDIT indicates class attendance only. There is no credit or grade awarded in this option.
CREDIT/NO CREDIT. The CR grade will equate to А, В or С level of competence, and will mean that a credit is granted. The NC means that no credit is granted for the course.
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